• the MEAT Journal
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• s.36 summer
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• pp.61-71
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• 2009

The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of salt and NaNO2 on weight loss, proximate compositions, chemical parameters and texture characteristics of dry-cured ham processed using Korean methods. Four different treatments were considered: The H8 group of 3 hams (11.30 kg) was salted with 9.2 g/kg salt (w/w) (high salt batch), the HS+NaNO2 group of 3 hams (10.65 kg) was salted same as HS group and added 100 ppm NaNO2. The LS group of 3 hams (11.42 kg) was salted with 6.2 g/kg salt (w/w) (Low salt batch), the LS+NaNO2 group of 3 hams (10.62 kg) was salted same as L8 group and added 100 ppm NaNO2. The highest weight losses took place at the drying stage (27.46, 28.25, 26.99, and 28.42%). However, there were no significant differences in the weight losses between treatments (p>0.05). The moisture content was significantly affected with addition of NaNO2 (p<0.05), the L8 hams had significantly higher moisture content than HS + NaNO2 and L8 + NaNO2 (p<0.05). The level of salt and NaNO2 did not affect the fat, protein and ash contents. The hardness and chewiness in biceps femoris muscle from L8 hams were significantly lower than in the muscles from HS + NaNO2 hams (p<0.05). The NaNO2 did not affect the texture characteristics of dry-cured hams. The processing conditions significantly affected the chemical parameters of biceps femoris muscle (p<0.05). The water activity in biceps femoris muscle from L8 hams was significantly higher than in muscles from HS and H8+NaNO2 hams (p<0.04). The salt content in biceps femoris muscles from LS + NaNO2 hams was significantly lower than in the muscles from HS and HS + NaNO2 hams (p<0.05). The NaNO2 treatment did not affect the NaNO2 content in biceps femoris muscles (p>0.05). The processing conditions did not significantly affect the lightness (L), redness (a), and $h^{\circ}$ of biceps femoris muscles (p>0.05). The yellowness (b) and chroma in biceps femoris muscle from HS + NaNO2 hams were significantly higher than in the muscles from HS and LS hams.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.493-498
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• 2008

The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of salt and $NaNO_2$ on weight loss, proximate compositions. chemical parameters and texture characteristics of dry-cured ham processed using Korean methods. Four different treatments were considered: The HS group of 3 hams (11.30 kg) was salted with 9.2 g/kg salt (w/w) (high salt batch), the HS+$NaNO_2$ group of 3 hams (10.65 kg) was salted same as HS group and added 100 ppm $NaNO_2$. The LS group of 3 hams (11.42 kg) was salted with 6.2 g/kg salt (w/w) (Low salt batch), the LS+$NaNO_2$ group of 3 hams (10.62 kg) was salted same as LS group and added 100 ppm $NaNO_2$. The highest weight losses took place at the drying stage (27.46, 28.25, 26.99, and 28.42%). However, there were no significant differences in the weight losses between treatments (p>0.05). The moisture content was significantly affected with addition of $NaNO_2$ (p<0.05), the LS hams had significantly higher moisture content than HS+$NaNO_2$ and LS+$NaNO_2$ (p<0.05). The level of salt and $NaNO_2$ did not affect the fat, protein and ash contents. The hardness and chewiness in biceps femoris muscle from LS hams were significantly lower than in the muscles from HS+$NaNO_2$ hams (p<0.05). The $NaNO_2$ did not affect the texture characteristics of dry-cured hams. The processing conditions significantly affected the chemical parameters of biceps femoris muscle (p<0.05). The water activity in biceps femoris muscle from LS hams was significantly higher than in muscles from HS and HS+$NaNO_2$ hams (p<0.05). The salt content in biceps femoris muscles from LS+$NaNO_2$ hams was significantly lower than in the muscles from HS and HS+$NaNO_2$ hams (p<0.05). The $NaNO_2$ treatment did not affect the $NaNO_2$ content in biceps femoris muscles (p>0.05). The processing conditions did not significantly affect the lightness (L), redness (a), and $h^{\circ}$ of biceps femoris muscles (p>0.05). The yellowness (b) and chroma in biceps femoris muscle from HS+$NaNO_2$ hams were significantly higher than in the muscles from HS and LS hams.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.363-364
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• 2002

Although the factors that cause the failure of orthopedic implants were not clearly determined, it was reported that the shapes of wear debris affect the tribological behavior of artificial implant. Many researches were conducted to examine the wear mechanism by debris but the role of debris shape in inflammatory reaction remains unclear. To observe the debris shape by addition of reinforcement, carbon nanotubes ( CNTs ) were added to ultra high molecular weight polyethylene ( UHMWPE ) to investigate the reinforcement effect of CNTs. CNTs which have a diameter of about 10-50 nm, while their length is about 3-5 nm were produced by the catalytic decomposition of the acetylene gas using a tube furnace. Plate on disc type wear test were performed to evaluate the tribological performance of UHMWPE composites reinforced with CNTs in lubricating condition ( bovine serum ). The wear losses of CNT added UHMWPE in bovine serum were significantly reduced. Worn surface and wear debris of UHMWPE with CNTs and without CNTs were compared to investigate the reinforcement effect of CNT on tribological behavior.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2013

In this paper, we suggest a new audio watermarking method for audio contents copyrights that can efficiently provide protection from MP3 compression attacks. Watermarks were inserted at the coefficients repeatedly from low frequencies to high frequencies after DCT transform in commonly used Cox's spread spectrum method. Because the methods using arbitrary coefficients are not effective, we use the new weight functions that make small losses for the watermark coefficients during attacks, using psychological acoustics. In the results of various sound clips, the suggested method had overall better outcomes than the Cox's method by preserving watermarks and reducing distortions of the original sounds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1328-1333
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• 2009

To evaluate different housing systems, 80 gilts were randomly allocated at puberty to four treatments: i) sow stall in gestation followed by farrowing crate (SC), ii) group housing with individual feeding in gestation followed by farrowing crate (GC), iii) ESF (Electronic Sow Feeding) system in gestation followed by farrowing crate (EC), and iv) ESF system followed by group farrowing pen (EG). The results showed that stalled sows had a longer interval between puberty and second estrus (p<0.001). The sows kept in the ESF system gained more body weight (p<0.01) and backfat (p<0.05) prior to service, and more backfat during gestation (p<0.05), but also had greater backfat losses in the subsequent lactation (p<0.01). Sows changing from loose housing to confinement at farrowing had longer gestation length (p<0.001). Total litter size did not differ significantly between gestation treatments, but the number of stillborn piglets was significantly higher in the SC treatment (p<0.01). After weaning, SC sows had the longest interval for rebreeding (p<0.001). Some EG sows came into heat before weaning, giving this treatment the shortest interval. These results indicate that gestation confinement in sow stalls had several detrimental effects on sow performance relative to group housing.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2020

The intent of this study was to scrutinize the consequence of salt type [sundried salt, refined salt, baked salt, or nitrate pickling salt (NP)] on the physicochemical and microbiological features of salami formulated by soaking with Aspergillus spp. before ripening. The effects of nitrate-free salts added were not significant. Nitrate pickling salt samples were significantly higher in protein level, whereas those were lower in fat level during ripening (p<0.05). The pH of salamis treated with NP was higher than that of other salt treatments, while weight losses of those was lower (p<0.05). During the ripening and drying, NP produced lower extent of volatile basic nitrogen and lipid oxidation than those with other salts (p<0.05). The total aerobic population counts of NP samples revealed lower than that of other samples over the ripening time. The addition of NP in salamis produced redder sausages. The salamis containing NP found to be better physicochemical and microbiological quality attributes than the other salt types.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.117-120
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• 1996

Power conversion system must be increased switching frequency in order to achieve a small size, a light weight and a low noise. However, the switches of converter are subjected to high switching power losses and switching stresses. As a result of those, the power system brings on a low efficiency. In this paper, the authors propose a DC-DC boost converter of high power by partial resonant switch method (PRSM). The switching devices in a proposed circuit are operated with soft switching and the control technique of those is simplified for switch to drive in constant duty cycle. The partial resonant circuit makes use of a inductor using step up and a condenser of loss-less snubber. Also the circuit has a merit which is taken to increase of efficiency, as it makes to a regeneration at input source of accumulated energy in snubber condenser without loss of snubber in conventional circuit. The result is that the switching loss is very low and the efficiency of system is high. The proposed converter is deemed the most suitable for high power applications where the power switching devices are used.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.426-433
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• 2008

Heat stress is major welfare problem in the poultry industry. Huge economic losses occur every year because of mortality and decreased production due to high environmental temperatures. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of level of inclusion of ascorbic acid supplementation to the diet on performance, carcass composition and bone characteristics of male turkeys during high summer temperature. A total of 120 day-old turkey chicks were wing banded at hatch and randomly distributed into 3 treatment groups. Three diets were formulated to provide a similar nutrient profile with the exception of using three graded levels of ascorbic acid, namely 0, 150 and 300 mg/kg of the diet. The experimental diets were used from 0 to 18 weeks of age. Body weights, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, slaughter weight, carcass yield, portions, composition and thigh and breast pigmentation of the turkeys were not affected by ascorbic acid (p>0.05). Also, shank and tibia bone characteristics were not affected by ascorbic acid (p>0.05).

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 2015

To evaluate the natural decay durability of valuable domestic softwoods which are used for preservative treatment in our country, we carried out decay test by European standard method. Of all test wood species, Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) showed slightly high natural decay durability compared to other 4 wood species, Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), pitch pine (Pinus rigida), Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), and scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). However, all of evaluated domestic softwood species in this study caused high weight losses over about 30% in heartwood by test fungus, Poria placenta. We can hardly expect a good natural decay durability from these softwood species. According to the classification of the natural durability of European standard (EN 350-1), they are classified into "Not durable" or "Slightly durable". Therefore, if using these softwoods as exterior materials, we must do preservative treatment to ensure durability.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2006

It's a case of the goat farm reared about 60 heads in Imsil county was outbreak Moniezia expensa infection. And 18 heads of less than 6 month olds goat were died. During the 2005 summer, morbidity and accumulative mortality were more than 60% and 30%, respectively less than 6 month young goat. Most young goat were suffer from diarrhea, severe weight losses, emaciations, and died. In necropsy, there were about 0.7-2.5m of 2-8 adult M expensa in the small intestinal lumen, swollen mesenteric lymph nodes. Slight hemorrhages were seen in lung and moderate hemorrhages were seen in mucous membrane of small intestine. Also various species (Trichostrongylus spp, Haemonchus spp, Eimeria spp) of parasite eggs were seen in fecal test. Pasteurella hemolytica was identified in lung by the API kit (Biomerieux Co. Ltd) for biochemical test. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) results, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, tyrosine, gentamycin, enrofloxacin, and norflocxacin were selected sensitive antibiotics.