• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1929-1939
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• 2022

Objective: To investigate the physiological effects of exogenous emulsifiers in broiler chickens that were fed tallow-incorporated reduced-energy diets over 35 days. Methods: A total of 256 Ross 308 one-day-old broilers (42.28±0.16 g) were randomly allocated in a 2×2 factorial arrangement to 32 pens with eight chicks per cage. Birds were fed one of four dietary treatments as follows: i) positive control (PCN; energy sufficient diet); ii) negative control (NCN; energy-deficient diet, -100 ME kcal/kg); iii) PCL (PCN plus 0.05% emulsifier); and iv) NCL (NCN plus 0.05% emulsifier). Growth performance was evaluated weekly whereas assessments for the carcass traits, digestibility, some blood metabolites, ileal morphology, and meat quality were measured on d 21 and d 35. Results: Birds fed the NCL diet had higher (p<0.05) body weights, daily gains, daily feed intake, and improved feed efficiency over the entire 35-day period. Improvements (p<0.05) for the ileal digestibility of crude fat, energy, and dry matter commensurate with longer (p<0.05) villus heights were also observed with emulsifiers in the NCL and PCL diets. For the carcass measurements, only the liver weights were increased (p<0.05) with emulsifiers in the supplemented groups. For blood metabolites, higher (p<0.05) lipase levels were noticed with emulsifiers in the NCL and PCL diets. In addition, marginal reductions (p = 0.076; p = 0.095, respectively) were also noted with emulsifiers for the total cholesterol and triglyceride contents on d 35. Regarding meat quality, breast muscle yellowness was increased (p<0.05) with emulsifier use in supplemented groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that emulsifier supplementation at 0.05% in diets could potentially improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers over 35 days. This could compensate for the lower growth performance that could be recorded with fat-incorporated lower-energy diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.421-426
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• 1996

Comparison of body weight changes of does infected with Haemonchus contortus (treatment groups 2 &3) and uninfected does (control group) was made using weekly body weight measurements over 35 weeks. The animals in treatment group 2 weighted significantly (p < 0.05) less than animals in the control group from the 5th week to the end of the experiment. Does in treatment group 3 had significantly (p < 0.05) lighter body weight than control does from the 13th week to the end of the study. The animals in control group gained an average of 0.75 kg. On the other hand, animals in infected groups 2 and 3 lost an average of 3.90 kg and 4.13 kg body weight, respectively. The animals in groups 2 and 3 also had significantly (p < 0.05) lower preslaughter and hot carcass weights than the controls.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.4853-4856
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• 2016

Objective: Gimatecan is a new camptothecin (CPT) analogue that inhibits tumor growth by targeting DNA topoisomerase I (TOP I) and introducing strong and persistent DNA cleavage. Anti-tumor activity has been demonstrated with a wide range of solid tumors in previous preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we investigated for the first time the effects of gimatecan on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Anticancer efficacy of gimatecan were evaluated in a panel of HCC cell lines and corresponding mouse xenograft models. Inhibition of cell proliferation was measured by CellTiter-Glo cell viability assay. In vivo, gimatecan and control preparations were orally administered every four days, for a total of four times. Tumor volume and body weights of the mice were measured twice weekly. Results: In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation showed that gimatecan inhibited the proliferation of a large panel of HCC cell lines in a dose dependent manner, with IC50 values ranging between 12.1~1085.0 nM. In vivo evaluation in mouse xenograft models showed significant antitumor effects of gimatecan at 0.8mg/kg and 0.4mg/kg as compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study suggested that gimatecan may have the potential to be used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6465-6468
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• 2013

This study aimed to assess body features, and alimentary and lifestyle behavior related to cancer prevention among Romanian adults having relatives with cancer. The study was performed in 2010/2011 in an oncological hospital in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. It involved 320 adults who had relatives with cancer. An anonymous questionnaire was filled in by each participants; their weights and heights were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated, 56.6% of the participants having a value higher than 24.9. Almost all subjects ate less than 400g of fruits and vegetables daily and 56% of the participants consumed more than 500 g of red meat weekly. One quarter of the study sample was performing less than 30 minutes of moderate physical activity daily. Some 28.1% of the subjects were smokers. These data call for comprehensive actions to help Romanian cancer patient relatives to respect the recommendations regarding healthy lifestyle promotion and cancer prevention. Health professionals should periodically assess body composition and lifestyle components of adults who have relatives with cancer in order to identify unhealthy behavior and offer them personalized education and counseling.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 1991

Performance and production of twenty lactating Holstein cows fed diets containing either soybean meal or fish meal as the primary protein source were compared in a continuous or split feeding scheme. At 1 wk prepartum four groups of five animals were placed on each experimental diet. Animals assigned to the continuous feeding scheme were continued on these diets for 10-wk postpartum. At 4 wk postpartum, the diets for the groups assigned to switching protein sources were changed. These treatments were continued for another 6 wk. Milk production and dietary intakes were recorded daily. Milk constituents were measured every 2 d. Cows weights, rumen fluid samples and jugular blood samples were collected weekly. Data showed no effect of early lactation diet on cow performance or milk characteristics. Overall, compared to the soybean meal diet, the fish meal diet lowered the milk fat percent and increased production of milk per unit of dry matter ingested. No differences were observed for volatile fatty acid content of rumen fluid, blood mineral content, milk protein, somatic cell count, 4%-fat corrected milk, dry matter intake, or body weight.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.138-141
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• 1999

The effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack were studied in maintaining mating behavior of sexually experienced castrated male rats after dosing them with 500 mg/kg daily of E. longifolia Jack for 10 days prior to test and later continued for two weeks where the rats were then castrated. The similar dosage was then continued for 12 weeks post-castration. However, $400\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone was administered subcutaneously on the day of castration and lasted for 6 weeks post-castration but later raised to $800\;{\mu}g/day$ until 12 week post-castration. Tests were conducted weekly from 2-6 weeks and 8-12 weeks post-castration. Results showed that all the experimental male rats exhibited mating behavior before castration. Further results also indicated that E. longifolia Jack successfully maintained mating behavior but less than precastration level from 2-6 weeks and later increased from 8-12 weeks post-castration. Similarly, $400\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone was effective in maintaining mating behavior from 2-6 weeks post-castration. However, $800\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone managed to return the male rats to the precastration level with all male rats exhibited mating behavior from 8-12 weeks post-castration. Further results also indicated that testosterone significantly increased the penis weights (p < 0.05) as compared to the E. longifolia Jack. In conclusion, this study shows that E. longifolia Jack continued to maintain mating behavior of sexually experienced castrated male rats, giving further evidence of the folkuse of this plant as aphrodisiac.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to observe the differences in growth of creeping bentgrass turf to 'polymer coated urea fertilizer' and 'uncoated urea fertilizer', and to analyze durability of fertilizer effect with the 'polymer coated urea'. The experiment was initiated on June 3, 1996, at the Iowa State University Horticulture Research Station, north of Ames, Iowa. The experiment was conducted on an area of 'Penneagle' Creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris) maintained at fair-'way mowing height (1.3cm). The study was repeated at the same arrangement beginning on July 25, 1996. Visual quality data, clipping fresh and dry weight, and nitrogen(N) content in the clippings were taken weekly. Quality of the turf increased with increasing N rate. While quality ratings were higher for turf receiving polymer coated urea than for turf receiving uncoated urea at several times following treatment, but not significant. Fresh and dry clipping weights were quite variable during the trial. Visual quality rating and clipping yields improved with increasing rates of N but these differences were not statically significant between polymer coated and uncoated urea treatment. The durability of fertilizer efficiency in polymer coated urea was not last longer compare with uncoated urea from two weeks after treatment. Higher rates of N application increased the concentration of N in tissue but no significant differences between turf plots receiving polymer coated and uncoated urea. Key words: Polymer coated urea, Creeping bentgrass, Fertilizer, Turfgrass.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-obesity effect and molecular mechanism of YY312, a herbal extract composed of Imperatae Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium Immaturus, and Evodiae Fructus, on a high-fat diet-induced animal model and on 3T3-L1 cells. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were fed for 6 weeks with a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD). Then they orally administered daily with 300 mg/kg YY312 for next 10 weeks. Body weight and food consumption were recorded weekly and daily, respectively. Tissue weights, serum lipid, and glucose levels were analyzed at the end of the study. Additionally, the effects of YY312 on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells were examined. After differentiating 3T3-L1 cells were treated with YY312, Oil-red O staining, RT-PCR, and Western blotting were performed for lipid accumulation, mRNA expression of adipogenesis gene, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, respectively. Results : YY312-administered mice showed a significant reduction of body weights and abdominal adipose tissue weights. YY312 also reduced the serum levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol, compared with the HFD group. Treatment with YY312 inhibited lipid accumulation and blocked expression of adipogenic transcription factors and lipogenesis genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, CCAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$ and fatty acid synthase. YY312 increased AMPK phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusions : This study showed that herbal extract YY312 has an anti-obesity effect in vitro and in vivo. Thus, YY312 could be developed as a supplement for reduction of body weight gain induced by an HFD.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

Objectives : Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease caused by disorder of energy balance and lipid metabolism. This study was conducted by histopathology and histomorphometry to investigate the anti-obesity effects of mixed water extract of Plantaginis Semen & Poria (CJB) on liver, epididymal fat pads and pancreas zymogen granules in obese rats induced with high fat diet. Method : Male Sprague-Dawley rats to be divided four groups were fed into four different treatments: normal (NOR) diet, high-fat (HF) diet, HF diet+CJB (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, P.O.) for 8 weeks. The weekly body weights were measured in four experimental groups, respectively. Also histopathological and histomorphometrical changes of liver, epididymal fat pads and pancreas zymogen granules were observed in normal control and obese rats, respectively. Results : Adminstration of CJB significantly reduced body weights compared to those of HF group for experimental period. After 8 weeks, liver weights in the CJB groups were lower than those of HF group. In addition, HF diet related steatohepatitis, adipocyte hypertrophy, exocrine disturbances (decreases of pancreatic zymogen granules) were also dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of test material, CJB 100 and CJB 300 as compared with HF group, respectively. Conclusion : Based on the results, it is considered that CJB will be showed hepatoprotective and anti-obese effects, may be directly and/or indirectly mediated by pancreatic zymogen granules because they dose-dependently inhibited steatohepatitis, hypertrophy of adipocytes and decreases of pancreatic zymogen granules induced by HF diet supply, respectively.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.210-218
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• 1986

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 thyroxine 및 propylthiouracil의 투여(投與)에 의(依)한 갑상선(甲狀腺)의 기능변화(機能變化)와 아울러 체성장(體成長)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코저 실시(實施)하였는 바, 25일령(日齡)의 암 흰쥐를 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群), propylthiouracil 처리군(處理群), Thyroxine 처리군(處理群) 및 정상대조군(正常對照群)의 사개군(四個群)으로 나누어 배치(配置)하고 각군(各群)을 처리후(處理後) 시간경과(時間經過)에 따라 도살(屠殺)하여 갑상선(甲狀腺)의 중량측정(重量測定) 및 조직학적(組織學的) 검색(檢索)과 아울러 체중(體重)의 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)하였다. 1. 갑상선(甲狀腺)의 중량(重量)은 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 비교군간(比較群間)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었는데 PTU 처리군(處理群)은 정상대조군(正常對照群)에 비(比)하여 높은 중량(重量)을 나타냈고, Thyroxine 처리군(處理群)은 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 2. 갑상선(甲狀腺)의 조직상(組織像)은 PTU 처리군(處理群)에서는 처리(處理) 1주후(週後)부터 여포상피세포(濾胞上皮細胞)가 증식(增殖) 비대(肥大)를 동반(同伴)하는 원주화현상(圓柱化現象)을 나타내기 시작하여 실험기간(實驗期間)이 경과(經過)될 수록 더욱 진행(進行)되는 조직소견(組織所見)을 보였으며, Thyroxine 처리군(處理群)에서는 여포상피세포(濾胞上皮細胞)가 도평화(屠平化)되는 퇴행성(退行性) 변화(變化)가 인지(認知)되었다. 3. 체중(體重)은 처리(處理) 2주후(週後)부터 비교군간(比較群間)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 변화(變化)를 보였는데 PTU 처리군(處理群)과 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群)은 정상대조군(正常對照群)에 비(比)하여 낮은 값을 나타냈고 Thyroxine 처리군(處理群)은 높은 체중치(體重値)를 보였다. 그러나, 다중검정결과(多重檢定結果) PTU 처리군(處理群)과 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群) 상호간(相互間)에는 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다.