References
- Kopelman PG. Obesity as a medical problem. Nature. 2000 ; 404 : 635-43.
- Friedman JM. Obesity in the new millennium. Nature. 2000 ; 404 : 632-4.
- Rexrode KM, Manson JE, Hennekens CH. Obesity and cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Cardiol. 1996 ; 11 : 490-5. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001573-199609000-00007
- Byers T, Sedjo RL. Public health response to the obesity epidemic: too soon or too late? J Nutr. 2007 ; 137 : 488-92.
- Rokholm B, Baker JL, Sorensen TI. The levelling off of the obesity epidemic since the year 1999--a review of evidence and perspectives. Obes Rev. 2010 ; 11 : 835-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00810.x
- Unger RH. Lipid overload and overflow: metabolic trauma and the metabolic syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2003 ; 14 : 398-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2003.09.008
- Hofbauer KG, Nicholson JR, Boss O. The obesity epidemic: current and future pharmacological treatments. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 ; 47 : 565-92. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105256
- Powell AG, Apovian CM, Aronne LJ. New drug targets for the treatment of obesity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 ; 90 : 40-51. https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2011.82
- Padwal RS, Majumdar SR. Drug treatments for obesity: orlistat, sibutramine, and rimonabant. Lancet. 2007 ; 369 : 71-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60033-6
- Yin J, Zhang H, Ye J. Traditional chinese medicine in treatment of metabolic syndrome. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2008 ; 8 : 99-111. https://doi.org/10.2174/187153008784534330
- Ahn JS, Do MS, Kim So, Jung HS, Kim YI, Kim HJ, Park KY. Antiobesity Effect of Medicinal Food. 2006 ; 9 : 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2006.9.15
- Lee JS, Lee SH. The Reductive Effects of Oriental Medicine on the Body Fat and Abdominal Obesity. J Korean Soc Study Obes. 2001 ; 1 : 33-42.
- Park BJ. Herbal Diet of Obese with Osteoarthristis. J Korean Soc Study Obes. 2004 ; 4 : 201-11.
- Kim JK, Oh MS, Song TW. Oriental and western study on medication treatment of obesity. J Daejeon Oriental Medicine. 2002 ; 11 : 193-9.
- Seo BI, Kwon DY, Choi HY, Lee JH, Oh MS, Bu YM. Medicinal Herbology. 8th rev. ed. Seoul : Younglim-Sa. 2012 : 465-8, 485-7, 573-5.
- Li P, Matsunaga K, Ohizumi Y. Enhancement of the nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells by Chinese and Paraguayan medicinal plants. Biol Pharm Bull. 1999 ; 22 : 752-5. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.22.752
- Yoon JS, Lee MK, Sung SH, Kim YC. Neuroprotective 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromones of Imperata cylindrica. J Nat Prod. 2006 ; 69 : 290-1. https://doi.org/10.1021/np0503808
- Mohamed GA, Abdel-Lateff A, Fouad MA, Ibrahim SR, Elkhayat ES, Okino T. Chemical Composition and Hepato-protective activity of Imperata cylindrica Beauv. Pharmacogn Mag. 2009 ; 5 : 28-36.
- Lee S, Ra J, Song JY, Gwak C, Kwon HJ, Yim SV, Hong SP, Kim J, Lee KH, Cho JJ, Park YS, Park CS, Ahn HJ. Extracts from Citrus unshiu promote immune-mediated inhibition of tumor growth in a murine renal cell carcinoma model. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 ; 133 : 973-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.018
- Sugiura M, Ohshima M, Ogawa K, Yano M. Chronic administration of Satsuma mandarin fruit (Citrus unshiu Marc.) improves oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat liver. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 ; 29 : 588-91. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.588
- Higashi-Okai K, Kamimoto K, Yoshioka A, Okai Y. Potent suppressive activity of fresh and dried peels from Satsuma mandarin Citrus unshiu (Marcorv.) on hydroperoxide generation from oxidized linoleic acid. Phytother Res. 2002 ; 16 : 781-4. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1067
- Kim ST, Kim JD, Lyu YS, Lee MY, Kang HW. Neuroprotective effect of some plant extracts in cultured CT105-induced PC12 cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 ; 29 : 2021-4. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.2021
- Yu X, Wu DZ. Protective effects of Evodia rutaecarpa water extract on ethanol-induced rat gastric lesions. Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi. 2006 ; 31 : 1801-3.
- Liao JF, Chiou WF, Shen YC, Wang GJ, Chen CF. Anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious effects of Evodia rutaecarpa (Wuzhuyu) and its major bioactive components. Chin Med. 2011 ; 6 :
-
Takayanagi K, Morimoto S, Shirakura Y, Mukai K, Sugiyama T, Tokuji Y, Ohnishi M. Mechanism of visceral fat reduction in Tsumura Suzuki obese, diabetes (TSOD) mice orally administered
$\beta$ -cryptoxanthin from Satsuma mandarin oranges (Citrus unshiu Marc). J Agric Food Chem. 2011 ; 59 : 12342-51. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf202821u - Kobayashi Y, Nakano Y, Kizaki M, Hoshikuma K, Yokoo Y, Kamiya T. Capsaicin-like anti-obese activities of evodiamine from fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa, a vanilloid receptor agonist. Planta Med. 2001 ; 67 : 628-33. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-17353
- Lee SB, Keum DH, Lee MJ. Oriental and Western Medical Study on the cause and treatment of Obesity. J Dong Guk Oriental Medicine. 1996 ; 5 : 33-52.
- Bae MJ, Sung TS, Choi C. Effect of Ginseng Fraction Components on Plasma, Adipose and Feces Steroids in Obese Rat Induced by a High Fat Diet. Korean J Ginseng Sci. 1990 ; 14 : 404-15.
- Xie W, Gu D, Li J, Cui K, Zhang Y. Effects and action mechanisms of berberine and Rhizoma coptidis on gut microbes and obesity in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. PLoS One. 2011 ; 6 : e24520. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024520
- Shih CC, Lin CH, Lin WL. Effects of Momordica charantia on insulin resistance and visceral obesity in mice on high-fat diet. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008 ; 81 : 134-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2008.04.023
- Hwang EY, Hong JH, Choi JH, Lee EJ, Lee IS. Study on Anti-obesity and Hypoglycemic Effects of Lycium chinense Mill Extracts. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2009 ; 38 : 1528-34. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.11.1528
- Min G. Effects of Biotae Cacumen extract on obesity and lipid metabolism in high fat diet rats. Seoul : Dongguk University. 2003 : 37.
- Yoon TS, Sung YY, Jang JY, Yang WK, Ji Y, Kim HK. Anti-obesity Activity of Extract from Saussurea lappa. Korean J Medicinal Crop Sci. 2010 ; 18 : 151-6.
- Seo DJ, Kim JM, Kim TH, Baek JM, Kim TW, Kim HS, Choe M. Anti-Obesity Effects of Foeniculum fructus Water Extract. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2010 ; 39 : 1604-10. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.11.1604
- Fruhbeck G. Overview of adipose tissue and its role in obesity and metabolic disorders. Methods Mol Biol. 2008 ; 456 : 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-245-8_1
- Gregoire FM, Smas CM, Sul HS. Understanding adipocyte differentiation. Physiol Rev. 1998 ; 78 : 783-809.
- Rosen ED, Walkey CJ, Puigserver P, Spiegelman BM. Transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis. Genes Dev. 2000 ; 14 : 1293-307.
- Rosen ED, Hsu CH, Wang X, Sakai S, Freeman MW, Gonzalez FJ, Spiegelman BM. C/EBPalpha induces adipogenesis through PPARgamma: a unified pathway. Genes Dev. 2002 ; 16 : 22-6. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.948702
- Carling D. The AMP-activated protein kinase cascade--a unifying system for energy control. Trends Biochem Sci. 2004 ; 29 : 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2003.11.005
- Hardie DG. AMPK: a key regulator of energy balance in the single cell and the whole organism. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 ; 32 Suppl 4 : S7-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.116
- Zhang BB, Zhou G, Li C. AMPK: an emerging drug target for diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Cell Metab. 2009 ; 9 : 407-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2009.03.012
- Daval M, Foufelle F, Ferré P. Functions of AMP-activated protein kinase in adipose tissue. J Physiol. 2006 ; 574 : 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2006.111484
- Choi Y, Kim Y, Ham H, Park Y, Jeong HS, Lee J. Nobiletin suppresses adipogenesis by regulating the expression of adipogenic transcription factors and the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). J Agric Food Chem. 2011 ; 59 : 12843-9. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2033208
- Lee YK, Lee WS, Hwang JT, Kwon DY, Surh YJ, Park OJ. Curcumin exerts antidifferentiation effect through AMPKalpha-PPAR-gamma in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and antiproliferatory effect through AMPKalpha-COX-2 in cancer cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 ; 57 : 305-10. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf802737z
- Chen S, Li Z, Li W, Shan Z, Zhu W. Resveratrol inhibits cell differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via activation of AMPK. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011 ; 89 : 793-9.
- Hwang JT, Kim SH, Lee MS, Kim SH, Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Kim HS, Ha J, Kim MS, Kwon DY. Anti-obesity effects of ginsenoside Rh2 are associated with the activation of AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3 L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 ; 364 : 1002-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.125