• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2020

Background: Most meta-analyses of risk factors for severe or critical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 only included studies conducted in China and this causes difficulties in generalization. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically evaluate the risk factors in patients with COVID-19 from various countries. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for studies published on the mortality risk in patients with COVID-19 from January 1 to May 7, 2020. Pooled estimates were calculated as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model. Results: We analyzed data from seven studies involving 26,542 patients in total in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Among the patients, 2,337 deaths were recorded (8.8%). Elderly patients and males showed significantly higher mortality rates than young patients and females; the OR values were 3.6 (95% CI 2.5-5.1) and 1.2 (95% CI 1.0-1.3), respectively. Among comorbidities, hypertension (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.6), diabetes (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-3.9), cardiovascular disease (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5-6.3), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.7-11.5), and chronic kidney disease (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.0-8.6) were significantly associated with increased mortalities. Conclusion: This meta-analysis, involving a huge global sample, employed a systematic method for synthesizing quantitative results of studies on the risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19. It is helpful for clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis and improve the allocation of health resources to patients who need them most.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.273-281
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• 2016

In this paper, we consider the discussion of the breakdown phenomenon of korean language that is displayed in the language of the Internet media, as a technical improvement approach to this, and to provide an automatic translation technology of standard language. The collected through real life surveys and experience and damage case regarding language breakdown phenomena in the FGI (Focussed Group Interview), and presents the results of the analysis, based on the analysis result data, we defined the index of language destroyed (degree of Korean destruction). The limit of the national language break or automatic translation technology standard language marked with translation errors that have to be minimized, the efficiency of the automatic translation technology standard language which may be utilized as a measure to get the maximum, and presented through the Internet media texts 2,480 pieces of analysis. Automatic translation technology of the standard language and was also measured the proposed language destroyed in this paper, we implemented in the form of a REST API using the Java language, was confirmed to work on the Web browser.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

XBRL is fundamentally defined as a structure that enterprises expand based on KGAAP 2.1 developed by the Korea branch of XBRL. Each enterprise selects its type of business and must check and choose the tag suitable to each enterprise. Since a complicated part such as expanding tag exists, there is a difficulty to prepare document through the step of tag expansion and data input. Although the expressive way of style provides the standards using the presentation structure and label structure provided fundamentally by XBRL, there is a complicated problem of using XBRL Processor. The electronic public disclosure system of the Financial Supervisory Service (DART) and Korea Exchange (KIND, KEDIS) use the Markup Language of SGML, XML and XBRL as format language. The procedure of defining document and process method vary in accordance with the characteristics of each language. This study analyzes the effect by step in accordance with format language of each electronic disclosure system and studies a direction of format language.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2015

Objectives : With the observation of factors influencing depression, self-reported happiness, self-reported stress and suicidal attempt, this study compared and evaluated the mental health of adolescents from multicultural families and monocultural families in Korea. Methods : This study compared the characteristics of adolescents from multicultural and monocultural families based on the analysis of data of The Tenth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey and analyzed the factors influencing adolescent depression, self-reported happiness, self-reported stress and suicidal attempt. Results : There was no significant difference in the levels of depression, self-reported happiness, and self-reported stress between adolescents from multicultural and monocultural families. However, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt were significantly higher in adolescents from multicultural families. Conclusion : There was no significant difference between the mental health of adolescents from multicultural and monocultural families. Because depression is the greatest factor for suicidal attempt, and violence has stronger relationship with depression of adolescents from multicultural families, further study is needed to prevent this trend.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.211-224
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• 2009

This retrospective study was to analyze the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve damage after the removal of mandibular third molars. In this questionnaire study, the subjects chosen for this study were 2472 dentists who answered the questionnaire about numbness after the extraction of lower third molars. The data collected by E-mail and web site included the incidence of removal of the lower third molars, the incidence and the experience of numbness of the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve, rate and duration of recovery, the influence in day life after the long-term sensory loss, the period and amount of the indemnity in the case of medical dispute. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The experience rate and the incidence rate of the inferior alveolar nerve numbness by oral surgeons in the past year were19.9% and 0.14%. Those of the lingual nerve by oral surgeon were 7.7% and 0.05%.2. The experience rate and the incidence rate of the inferior alveolar nerve numbness by the dentists except oral surgeons in the past year were 9.7% and 0.19%. Those of the lingual nerve by the dentists except oral surgeons were 5.5% and 0.11%.3. The recovery rate of the inferior alveolar nerve after 1 year and 2 years were 85.6% and 91.3%. The recovery rate of the lingual nerve after 1 year and 2 years were 84.8% and 89.3%.In conclusion, most of numbness may be recovered within 2 years. However the possibility of long term and persistent numbness should not be neglected. Therefore practitioner must inform the possibility of nerve injury and include this possibility in the consent forms.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2007

Objctives: This study purposed to examine the intention to participate in the preventive program of depression of Internet user and to offer the baseline data for development of mental health promotion program. Methods: The internet survey was performed using a self-reported questionnaire on intention to participate in the preventive program of depression, depressive symptom(with Zung's SDS) and so forth from 1,000 internet user (aged $13{\sim}49$ years) via two web sites at Feb($1st{\sim}10th$), 2006. We analyzed the intention to participate in preventive program of depression and the factors related with that intention by depressive level. Results: In the normal group, the intention to participate in a preventive program of depression was influenced significantly by counselling experience(s) on depression(p<.001), and perceived control(p<.001) over the barriers to participation in the preventive program of depression, and marginally by gender. In the depressive group, the smoking habit revealed marginal effect(p=.051) and perceived control over the barriers to participation in the preventive program of depression influenced on that intention significantly(p<.001). Conclusion: Among internet users, especially the solutions of barriers to participate in the preventive program of depression is more important at the intervention program for prevention of depression. In the normal group, we need to consider the use of messages tailored by counselling experience(s) on depression. Some intervention program dealing with two subjects, smoking cessation and prevention of depression concurrently, will be appropriate for the depressive group.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.25-31
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• 2013

Looking at the recent value change of users and the usage pattern of network users, it is changing from simple web information, one-way information acquisition and data transmission to increase of usage of multimedia, increasing demand for security and customization, and increasing demands for free mobility. Due to this change of demand, the services which were provided individually, developed into a form which is merged, the network also seems to develop into the combined network from the individual network for individual service, and the communication network control technology which is the core technology is also rapidly developing. To reflect the users' demands, the next generation network created the multi-layer network which is based on the WDM/IP transmission system and added the to make it easy to restructure. P-OTS (Packet-Optical Transport System) can be defined as a platform that combines SONET/SDH, Ethernet, DWDM, optical transport network (OTN) switching and reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs). In this paper, we suggested that the optimum path choice be performed through diversification of the PCE-based path selection using the information of various layers altogether in the multi-layer environment, compared with the established path selection method when the path was selected using the information of each layers.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.196-200
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• 2004

A guard lamp system has been installed at the PV positive center, located at Gwangju in Korea. Digital environment that is represented to internet is displacing business way of industry and business achievement way with the fast speed being giving great change on life whole, improve existence business process utilizing internet and Web connection technology, information superhighway to tradition industrialist manufacture and e-transformation's propulsion that wish to maximize productivity and administration efficiency is spread vigorously. In this paper, we wish to accomplish generation equipment's heighten stability and believability through remote monitoring and control of guard lamp system. This paper describes the design of the monitoring system for the sensing data and indirect controlling of the guard lamp system. Most of the conventional monitoring systems depend on the special hardware and software. The essential design of monitoring system is to provide the convenience for the user and the portability for the system. In order for the system to fulfill its requirements, it was designed using Labview GUI facility based on the Windows 2000 environment of IBM PC compatible and Add-on card based on the TCP/IP protocol. Advantage of the monitoring system are a personnel expenses curtailment effect, of the place restriction and unmanned system of the generation plants, etc..

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-113
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• 2012

In this paper, our goal is to investigate the influencing factors on the online-based interpersonal relationships formation of the SNS users. To achieve this, first, we collected the influencing factors on the online-based interpersonal relationships, conducted survey, and then we analyzed the data with the PLS(Partial Least Square) and structural equation. As a result, we verified the main cause of factors as personal, relational and environmental factors and 8 kinds of detailed factor as social attraction, physical attraction, informational post, reciprocality, similarity, contents quality, web appearance and perceived spatiality are the influencing factors on the online-based interpersonal relationships dimensions. Finally, these factors were proposed as the influencing factors on the online-based interpersonal relationships formation of the SNS users.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.141-159
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• 2016

Commonly in steel frames, steel beam and concrete slab are connected together by shear keys to work as a unit member which is called composite beam. When a composite beam is subjected to positive bending, flexural strength and stiffness of the beam can be increased due to "composite action". At the same time despite these advantages, composite action increases the strain at the beam bottom flange and it might affect beam plastic rotation capacity. This paper presents results of study on the rotation capacity of composite beam connected to Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS) column in the steel moment resisting frame buildings. Due to out-of-plane deformation of column flange, moment transfer efficiency of web connection is reduced and this results in reduction of beam plastic rotation capacity. In order to investigate the effects of width-to-thickness ratio (B/t) of RHS column on the rotation capacity of composite beam, cyclic loading tests were conducted on three full scale beam-to-column subassemblies. Detailed study on the different steel beam damages and concrete slab damages are presented. Experimental data showed the importance of this parameter of RHS column on the seismic behavior of composite beams. It is found that occurrence of severe concrete bearing crush at the face of RHS column of specimen with smaller width-to-thickness ratio resulted in considerable reduction on the rate of strain increase in the bottom flange. This behavior resulted in considerable improvement of rotation capacity of this specimen compared with composite and even bare steel beam connected to the RHS column with larger width-to-thickness ratio.