• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.474-481
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• 2007

With population growth, industrialization, and urbanization within the watershed, the hydrologic response changed dramatically, resulting in increases in peak flow with lesser time to peak and total runoff with shortened time of concentration. Infiltration is directly affected by initial soil moisture condition, which is a key element to determine runoff. Influence of the initial soil moisture condition on hydrograph analysis should be evaluated to assess land use change impacts on runoff and non-point source pollution characteristics. The Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model has been widely used for the estimation of the direct runoff worldwide. The L-THIA model was applied to the Little Eagle Creek (LEC) watershed and Its estimated direct runoff values were compared with the BFLOW filtered direct runoff values by other researchers. The $R^2$ value Was 0.68 and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient value was 0.64. Also, the L-THIA estimates were compared with those separated using optimized $BFI_{max}$ value for the Eckhardt filter. The $R^2$ value and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient value were 0.66 and 0.63, respectively. Although these higher statistics could indicate that the L-THIA model is good in estimating the direct runoff reasonably well, the Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC) was not adjusted in that study, which might be responsible for mismatches in peak flow between the L-THIA estimated and the measured peak values. In this study, the L-THIA model was run with AMC adjustment for direct runoff estimation. The $R^2$ value was 0.80 and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient value was 0.78 for the comparison of L-THIA simulated direct runoff with the filtered direct runoff. However there was 42.44% differences in the L-THIA estimated direct runoff and filtered direct runoff. This can be explained in that about 80% of the simulation period is classified as 'AMC I' condition, which caused lower CN values and lower direct runoff estimation. Thus, the coefficients of the equation to adjust CN II to CN I and CN III depending on AMC condition were modified to minimize adjustments impacts on runoff estimation. The $R^2$ and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient values increase, 0.80 and 0.80 respectively. The difference in the estimated and filtered direct runoff decreased from 42.44% to 7.99%. The results obtained in this study indicate the AMC needs to be considered for accurate direct runoff estimation using the L-THIA model. Also, more researches are needed for realistic adjustment of the AMC in the L-THIA model.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.18-30
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• 2009

Recently, although the requirement of quality of VOD content has been transferred upto the class of HD, conventional management systems characterized by OS dependency are truly limited in quality of video image, stability, and compatibility of network environments. In addition most of the content management systems realize very limited capabilities for the real affairs of content management and distribution services in such an OS dependent environment. In this paper, we propose a new scheme of HD-Class VOD Content Management System to solve these problems. We design and implement the proposed system based on open sources by using H.264 video compression method. The proposed system offers high quality content management method based on opened systems and independent on-line distribution method so that it can be realized as an integrated management scheme for VOD contents. Moreover, our system solves the problems of occasional cutting-down video, small screen, and poor image quality that exist in the conventional wmv-type CMS. According to the result of performance evaluation, our system maintains sufficient performance and tolerence for the case of large scale HD content operations or fabrications. We expect that the proposed integrated DB scheme will especially be effective when the content management applications are changed from Internet Web environments to mobile terminal environments.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.413-429
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• 2021

Background: Migraine headaches are the second leading cause of disability worldwide and are responsible for significant morbidity, reduction in the quality of life, and loss of productivity on a global scale. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of ketamine on migraines and other primary headache disorders compared to placebo and other active interventions, such as midazolam, metoclopramide/diphenhydramine, and prochlorperazine/diphenhydramine. Methods: An electronic search of databases published up to February 2021, including Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, a hand search of the bibliographies of the included studies, as well as literature and systematic reviews found through the search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating ketamine in the treatment of migraine/headache disorders compared to the placebo. The authors assessed the risk of bias according to the Cochrane Handbook guidelines. Results: The initial search strategy yielded 398 unduplicated references, which were independently assessed by three review authors. After evaluation, this number was reduced to five RCTs (two unclear risk of bias and three high risk of bias). The total number of patients in all the studies was 193. Due to the high risk of bias, small sample size, heterogeneity of the outcomes reported, and heterogeneity of the comparison groups, the quality of the evidence was very low. One RCT reported that intranasal ketamine was superior to intranasal midazolam in improving the aura attack severity, but not duration, while another reported that intranasal ketamine was not superior to metoclopramide and diphenhydramine in reducing the headache severity. In one trial, subcutaneous ketamine was superior to saline in migraine severity reduction; however, intravenous (I.V.) ketamine was inferior to I.V. prochlorperazine and diphenhydramine in another study. Conclusion: Further double-blind controlled studies are needed to assess the efficacy of ketamine in treating acute and chronic refractory migraines and other primary headaches using intranasal and subcutaneous routes. These studies should include a long-term follow-up and different ketamine dosages in diagnosed patients following international standards for diagnosing headache/migraine.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2019

The development of reliable and objective definitions as well as automated processes for the detection of health care-associated infections (HAIs) is crucial; however, transformation to an automated surveillance system remains a challenge. Early outbreak identification usually requires clinicians who can recognize abnormal events as well as ongoing disease surveillance to determine the baseline rate of cases. The system screens the laboratory information system (LIS) data daily to detect candidates for health care-associated bloodstream infection (HABSI) according to well-defined detection rules. The system detects and reserves professional autonomy by requiring further confirmation. In addition, web-based HABSI surveillance and classification systems use discrete data elements obtained from the LIS, and the LIS-provided data correlates strongly with the conventional infection-control personnel surveillance system. The system was timely, acceptable, useful, and sensitive according to the prevention guidelines. The surveillance system is useful because it can help health care professionals better understand when and where the transmission of a wide range of potential pathogens may be occurring in a hospital. A national plan is needed to strengthen the main structures in HAI prevention, Healthcare Associated Prevention and Control Committee (HAIPCC), sterilization service (SS), microbiology laboratories, and hand hygiene resources, considering their impact on HAI prevention.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 2018

Point of interest (POI) of the city is a special place that has what importance to the user. For example, it is such landmark, restaurants, museums, hotels, and theaters. Because of its role in the social and economic life of us, these have attracted a lot of interest in location-based applications such as social networks and online map. However, while it can easily be obtained through the Web, the basic information of POI such as geographic location, another effort is required to obtain detailed information such as Wi-Fi, accepting credit cards, opening hours, romper room and the assessment and evaluation of other users. To solve these problems, a new method for correcting position error is required to link location-based social network service (LBSNS) data and POIs. This paper attempts to propose a position error correction method of POI and LBSNS data to enrich POI information from the vast information that is accumulated in LBSNS. Through this study, we can overcome the limitation of individual POI information via the information fusion method of LBSNS and POI, and we have discovered the possibility to be able to provide additional information which users need. As a result, we expect to be able to collect a variety of POI information quickly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 2019

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, centered on intelligence and information, began to take hold in 2016. This study uses virtual reality technology, which is the most popular technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The purpose of this study is to explore a Virtual Walk-through method, which can be easily applied to landscape architecture. At present, virtual reality technology is widely used in the fields of games, emergency training, and architectural design. However, in the field of landscape architecture, it is still in the development stage. In addition, most of the traditional ways to display virtual reality use 2D images, but such methods have some limitations. Therefore, this research addresses the three stages of "design-exhibition-experience" and puts forward a new simple method called 'Virtual Walk-through' that breaks from traditional landscape design exhibitions. The results show that compared with traditional methods, virtual reality has many advantages, such as the freedom of experience, a diversity of viewing angles, information supply, interaction, etc. It can show high quality images and effects, which are suitable for landscape design. It provides an evaluation method for garden design that can be utilized in the future. It is simple and has value as it can reflect the method and the expected effects. Virtual reality technology can bring an infinite number of prospects to the development of landscape architecture.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.16-31
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of clinical practice for gout in Korean Medicine (KM). Methods : On-line survey was adopted for this study, targeted at KM Doctors who were registered in the Association of Korean Medicine. The questionnaire included the general status of treatment, pattern identification and treatment method according to three stages given: acute, chronic and asymptomatic hyperuricemia stage. Results : Data from a total of 384 respondents was analyzed. Participants who responded most were in their 40s, working in KM clinics located in Seoul. Acupuncture and herbal medicines were the top priority treatments in preparing recommendations in clinical practice guidelines for gout, and where clinical trials were considered essential. As of the past year, the average number of first visits per month was 86.7%, and the average treatment duration was less than 1 month, accounting for 72.9%. As for the diagnostic method used for gout patients, the "diagnosed by clinical pattern" response was the highest, and the "blood and urine test" response was the highest as the diagnostic equipment used. As for the evaluation scale being used, the "VAS/NRS" response was the highest. Regardless of the gout stage, acupuncture was the most commonly used treatment method for gout patients, and bee venom pharmacopuncture was the highest for the pharmacopuncture used. In the case of herbal medicine, it was found that a wider variety of herbal medication uninsured in health insurance and herbal prescription were used for the staged treatment of gout than herbal medication in national health insurance coverage. In clinical practice, "acupuncture treatment three times a week" was the most common, and the "acupoints in the limb" were the most frequently used; LR3 and SP3 were the most frequently used acupoints. Conclusions : It is suggested that this survey should be helpful to develop clinical practice guideline for gout that reflects actual clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2022

Currently, in the domestic construction industry, the free web method has been emerging as a potential solution to the shortage of skilled workers due to the prolonged COVID-19 crisis, as it helps in securing economic feasibility through shortening the construction period and reducing labor costs. To consider one part of the construction method, in this study, the bending behavior according to the load was evaluated for the SY slope-type beam formwork, which was manufactured at a factory, assembled with rebar, brought into the site, and then poured into the site. For the SY Beam standard cross-sectional shape, a cross-sectional dimensional width of 400mm and depth 600mm determined through structural modeling using the MIDAS GEN program were applied. A total of 6 specimens were made with a member length of 5,000mm, 5 specimens and one RC specimen in the comparison group were manufactured in real-size format using the thickness of the steel plate(0.8, 1.0, 1.2mm) as a variable, and bending experiments were performed. In the bending test, the steel plate deck showed high initial stiffness and maximum strength as it yielded, which showed that it sufficiently contributed to the flexural strength. It is judged that additional analysis and experimental studies for 1.05, 1.1, and 1.15mm are needed to derive the appropriate steel plate thickness and the method for calculating the tensile force contribution of the steel plate to secure the manufacturing, construction and economic feasibility of SY Beam in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.197-207
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• 2022

In this paper, we develop a machine learning based block code generation and recommendation model for the purpose of reducing cognitive load of learners during coding education that learns the learner's block that has been made in the block programming environment using natural processing model and fine-tuning and then generates and recommends the selectable blocks for the next step. To develop the model, the training dataset was produced by pre-processing 50 block codes that were on the popular block programming language web site 'Entry'. Also, after dividing the pre-processed blocks into training dataset, verification dataset and test dataset, we developed a model that generates block codes based on LSTM, Seq2Seq, and GPT-2 model. In the results of the performance evaluation of the developed model, GPT-2 showed a higher performance than the LSTM and Seq2Seq model in the BLEU and ROUGE scores which measure sentence similarity. The data results generated through the GPT-2 model, show that the performance was relatively similar in the BLEU and ROUGE scores except for the case where the number of blocks was 1 or 17.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.99-132
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to propose AET (Augmented and Extended Topics), a novel method of synthesizing both LDA and BERTopic results, and to analyze the recently published LIS articles as an experimental approach. To achieve the purpose of this study, 55,442 abstracts from 85 LIS journals within the WoS database, which spans from January 2001 to October 2021, were analyzed. AET first constructs a WORD2VEC-based cosine similarity matrix between LDA and BERTopic results, extracts AT (Augmented Topics) by repeating the matrix reordering and segmentation procedures as long as their semantic relations are still valid, and finally determines ET (Extended Topics) by removing any LDA related residual subtopics from the matrix and ordering the rest of them by F₁ (BERTopic topic size rank, Inverse cosine similarity rank). AET, by comparing with the baseline LDA result, shows that AT has effectively concretized the original LDA topic model and ET has discovered new meaningful topics that LDA didn't. When it comes to the qualitative performance evaluation, AT performs better than LDA while ET shows similar performances except in a few cases.