• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.246-254
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• 1997

Nursing have been caught between the paradigm of medical science with a body part view of a person and the paradigm of medical science with an emphasis on unsurpassable control, rigor, objectivism, and neutrality of value. But it is inappropriate to apply impersonal, objective model of science for the personal unique and gestalt experiences of nursing phenomena. Jean Watson proposed a theory of human caring based on human science paradigm to explain human phenomena. This study reviewed the theory of nursing by Jean Watson and the researches based on Waton's theory. In this study the researcher examined the philosophical back ground, value system and key concepts of Watson's theory Watson's perspective of person and human existence includes humanistic and phenomenological characteristics. She also emphasized nurse-patient relationship as an intersubjective(transpersonal) caring relationship. Examination of the studies based on Watson's theory consistantly revealed Watson's theory of human caring based on the human science paradigm is more appropriate than traditional medical science paradigm for explaining nursing phenomena. For the purpose of refining the theory and promoting usefulness of the theory, it would be desirable to test the theory to the nursing phenomena and to apply the theory to practice and education.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.431-449
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to contribute to a understanding the philosophical foundation of Parse's and Watson's theory of nursing. Parse's human becoming Research Methodology, Principle and main concepts are based on existential phenomenology. And Watson's theory of human care indicate that the optimal method for studying and inquiring theory of trans-personal caring is phenomenological-existential methodology. The chief theme of this study ist to illuminate how ideas and concepts of existential phenomenology are applied to Parse's and watson's theory of nursing. Content of this Study are summarized as follow; 1. Principles, concepts, theoretical structure of Man-Living-Health theory were investigated in Parse's theory of nursing as Human science. 2. Essential assumptions, chief concepts and methodology of human science and human care were investigated in Watson's theory of trans- personal caring. 3. Phenomenological analysis of "Human being" und poetic thinking of truth were described in the context of the Heidegger's fundamental ontology und existential phenomenology. 4. Meaning of existential subjectivity, freedom and choice war interpreted according to Sartre's existential philosophy 5. Phenomenological analysis of perception und function of body were investigated in the context of Merleauponty's existential phenomenology. 6. Ultimately this study provided how ideas and concepts of existential phenomenology war applied to Parse's und Watson's nursing theory und methodology.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

IBM Watson은 새로운 컴퓨팅 시대인 코그니티브 시스템으로의 첫 걸음으로 상징된다. Watson은 현 프로그램 컴퓨팅의 시대 기반 위에 구축되었으나, 매우 중요한 방식에서 차이가 있다. ${\bullet}$ 오늘날 전세계 데이터의 80%를 차지하고 있는 복잡한 비정형 데이터에 대한 이해를 돕는 자연어 처리(Natural Language Processing) ${\bullet}$ 관련된 증거만을 기반으로 응답에 가중치를 부여하고 평가하기 위한 고도의 분석 기법을 적용한 가설 생성 및 평가 방식 ${\bullet}$ 반복을 통해 좀더 똑똑해 질 수 있도록 결과를 기반으로 학습을 개선할 수 있도록 돕는 동적 학습 방식이 각각이 Watson에만 특별한 것은 아니지만, Watson은 각 역량의 조합을 통해 강력한 솔루션을 제공하고 있다. IBM Watson과 같은 코그니티브 시스템은 조직이 생각하고, 행동하고, 운영되는 방식을 혁신시킬 수 있다. 이 글에서는 어떻게 IBM Watson이 시작되었으며, 직접적이고 신뢰할 수 있는 답변을 제공하기 위해 자연어 처리와 동적 학습 및 가설 생성/평가를 어떻게 조합하는지, 나아가 어떤 분야에서 적용되고 있는지 그 사례를 소개하고자 한다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.881-890
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• 1997

The local linear estimator usually has more attractive properties than Nadaraya-Watson estimator. But the local linear estimator gives bad performance where data are sparse. Muller and Song proposed Shifted Nadaraya Watson estimator which has treated data sparsity well. We show that Shifted Nadaraya Watson estimator has good performance not only in the sparse region but also in the dense region, through the simulation study. Ans we suggest the boundary treatment of Shifted Nadaraya Watson estimator.

• Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.20-27
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• 2002

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2015.03a
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• pp.151-155
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• 2015

The molecular interactions between the nucleic acid bases and water molecules are important in organism. Despite Adenine-Thymine Hoogsteen base pair and Guanine-Cytosine Watson-Crick base pair have been demonstrated to be most stable in a gas phase, the effect of water on the stability of these base pairs remains elusive. Here we report the structural and thermodynamic characteristics on possible Adenine-Thymine and Guanine-Cytosine base pairs in a gas phase as well as in an aqueous phase by using quantum mechanical method and statistical mechanical calculations. First, we optimized the direct base-pair interaction energies of four Adenine-Thymine base pairs (Hoogsteen base pair, reverse Hoogsteen base pair, Watson-Crick base pair, and reverse Watson-Crick base pair) and three Guanine-Cytosine base pairs (GC1 base pair, GC2 base pair, and Watson Crick base pair) in a gas phase at the $B3LYP/6-31+G^{**}$ level. Then, the effect of solvent was quantified by the electronic reorganization energy and the solvation free energy by statistical mechanical calculations. Thereby, we discuss the effect of water on the stability of Adenine-Thymine and Guanine-Cytosine base pairs, and argue why Adenine-Thymine Watson-Crick base pair and Guanine-Cytosine Watson-Crick base pair are most stable in an aqueous environment.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.62.3-63
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.13-16
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• 2018

인공지능의 중요성과 가치가 대두됨에 따라 이를 활용하여 다양한 챗봇들이 개발되고 있다. 그러나 신조어를 의미를 제공하는 챗봇 시스템의 연구가 부족하다. 본 논문에서는 Watson Assistant를 활용하여 신조어의 의미를 제공하는 신조어 챗봇 시스템을 구현하고자 한다. Watson Assistant는 자연어 형식으로 된 질문에 응답하는 것을 지원하는 API다. 웹 크롤링을 통해 신조어 데이터를 수집 및 저장하고, Watson Assistant를 활용하여 사용자의 의도를 파악하여 신조어의 의미를 추출한다. 제안한 시스템을 통해 현실 세계에서 끊임없이 양산되는 신조어의 의미를 빠르게 파악할 것이라고 기대한다.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

This literature review explores artificial intelligence (AI) technology trends and IBM Watson health and medical references. This study explains how healthcare will be changed by the evolution of AI technology, and also summarizes key technologies in AI, specifically the technology of IBM Watson. We look at this issue from the perspective of 'information overload,' in that medical literature doubles every three years, with approximately 700,000 new scientific articles being published every year, in addition to the explosion of patient data. Estimates are also forecasting a shortage of oncologists, with the demand expected to grow by 42%. Due to this projected shortage, physicians won't likely be able to explore the best treatment options for patients in clinical trials. This issue can be addressed by the AI Watson motivation to solve healthcare industry issues. In addition, the Watson Oncology solution is reviewed from the end user interface point of view. This study also investigates global company platform business to explain how AI and machine learning technology are expanding in the market with use cases. It emphasizes ecosystem partner business models that can support startup and venture businesses including healthcare models. Finally, we identify a need for healthcare company partnerships to be reviewed from the aspect of solution transformation. AI and Watson will change a lot in the healthcare business. This study addresses what we need to prepare for AI, Cognitive Era those are understanding of AI innovation, Cloud Platform business, the importance of data sets, and needs for further enhancement in our knowledge base.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.479-489
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• 2014

This paper presents a model-based image steganography method based on Watson's visual model. Model-based steganography assumes a model for cover image statistics. This approach, however, has some weaknesses, including perceptual detectability. We propose to use Watson's visual model to improve perceptual undetectability of model-based steganography. The proposed method prevents visually perceptible changes during embedding. First, the maximum acceptable change in each discrete cosine transform coefficient is extracted based on Watson's visual model. Then, a model is fitted to a low-precision histogram of such coefficients and the message bits are encoded to this model. Finally, the encoded message bits are embedded in those coefficients whose maximum possible changes are visually imperceptible. Experimental results show that changes resulting from the proposed method are perceptually undetectable, whereas model-based steganography retains perceptually detectable changes. This perceptual undetectability is achieved while the perceptual quality - based on the structural similarity measure - and the security - based on two steganalysis methods - do not show any significant changes.