• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.264-269
• /
• 2006

Basic rheological data of dandelion leaf concentrates were determined to predict processing aptitude and usefulness of dandelion leaf concentrates as functional food materials. Hot water and 70% ethanol extracts of dandelion leaves were concentrated at 5, 20, and 50 Brix, and their static and dynamic viscosities, and Arrhenius plots were investigated. Most concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol showed flow behaviors close to Newtonian fluid based on power law model evaluation. Apparent viscosity of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol decreased with increasing temperature. Yield stresses of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol by Herschel-Bulkley model application were 0.020-0.641 and 0.017-0.079 Pa, respectively. Activation energies of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol were $2.102-32.669{\times}10^3$ and $1.657-5.382{\times}10^3\;J/mol{\cdot}kg$ with increasing concentration, respectively. Loss modulus (G") predominated over storage modulus (G') at all applied frequencies, showing typical flow behavior of low molecular solution. G' and G" of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with hot water slowly increased with increasing frequency compared to those of concentrated dandelion leaves extracted with 70% ethanol.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.23 no.1 s.97
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2007

This study investigated the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of nutmeg (water, ethanol extract and essential oil). The total phenol contents of water, ethanol extract and essential oil were 3.4%, 16.9%, and 3.2%, respectively. Hydrogen donating abilities of water, ethanol extract and essential oil at 1,000 ppm were 4.9%, 41.8% and 6.8%, respectively. The antioxidative activities in linoleic acid substrates were in the order of BHT > ethanol > extract > ${\alpha}$-tocopherol > essential oil > water extract. The antioxidative activities in linoleic acid emulsion substrates were in the order of BHT > water extract > essential oil > ethanol extract > ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. In antimicrobial activity, ethanol extract showed growth inhibition effect against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enteritidis, and the essential oil showed growth inhibition effect against Micrococcus luteus. However, no antimicrobial activity of water extract was observed. The nitrite-scavenging abilities of water, ethanol extract and essential oil at 1,000 ppm were 4.5%, 28.8% and 98.8%, respectively, and the ACE inhibitory activities were 0.2%, 11.0% and 10.0%, respectively.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.541-545
• /
• 2009

Water and ethanol extracts were prepared from the haesongi mushroom (Hypsizigus marmoreus) to measure functional components. The ability of the extracts to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and their hypoglycemic effects were also determined; the latter was measured by $\alpha$-amylase and glucosidase inhibition. Extraction yield, protein content, total phenol, and $\beta$-glucan in the water extracts were 55.86, 17.71, 1.89, and 21.93%, respectively. The respective values for the ethanol extracts were lower than those for water extracts. Both water and ethanol extracts showed dosedependent ACE inhibition, the effect of the former being greater. The water extract inhibited ACE activity by 95.34% at 40 mg/mL. The $IC_{50}$ values of the water extracts were 63.32 and 0.41 mg/mL for $\alpha$-amylase and glucosidase, respectively. Thus, the water extracts had a greater hypoglycemic effect than the ethanol extracts. From these results, water is a better solvent than ethanol to extract from the haesongi mushroom functional components that show ACE inhibition and have hypoglycemic effects.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.192-196
• /
• 1991

As a part of studios on the Quality control of index components in crude drug preparations, extraction yields of ginseng saponins from crude drug extracts were identified by TLC and quantified by HPLC. So-Shi-Ho-Tang(小柴胡湯), Sa-Kun-Ja-Tang(四君子湯), Yook-Kun-Ja-Tang(六君子湯) and In-sam-Tang(人蔘湯) were extracted with water, 30%-ethanol, 50%-ethanol, 80%-ethanol and absolute ethanol to analyze ginseng saponins in the crude drug extracts prepared with various concentrations of ethanol. Ginseng saponins were extracted considerably more from the extracts with higher concentrations of ethanol than those with water or lower concentrations of ethanol. Extraction yields of ginseng-side-Rb$_1$, -Rb$_2$ and -R$_c$ from four crude drug preparations were the lowest as 4.9~45.9%, 5.0~40.1, and 6.3~43.7% in water extract and the highest as 29.5~62.6%, 26.7~61.4% and 31.4~62.0% in absolute ethanol extract, compared with those of 80%-methanol extracts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.146-146
• /
• 2002

Hepatic disease has been noted and reported for involvement various detrimental factors. Among many detrimental injury factors, alcohol has been noted for hepatitis, fatty liver, fibrosis, and hepatic cirrhosis. The purpose of this study is to develop animal model for hepatic fibrosis in pig with ethanol, and to search new anti-fibrogenic agent. Twelve male Landrace pigs were divided into 3 groups of 4 animals each. Group 1, 2 and 3 were fed with ceramic water only, ceramic water + liquid diet containing 20％ ethanol and normal tap water + containing 20％ ethanol for 12 weeks, respectively. At week 12, all pigs were immediately sacrificed for collection each tissue and blood. Serologically, serum ALT and AST levels were significantly reversed in group 2, comparing to group 3. They were normal range in pigs of group 1. Microscopically, macrovesicular lipid droplets and moderate necrosis were evident in the tap water + ethanol fed group 3. However, ceramic water intake group 1 showed normal. Moreover, in group 3, little fatty changes and mild necrosis were observed. Collagen fibers were detected in the spaces of surrounding periportal and interlobular areas in the group 3 of tap water + ethanol, but collagen synthesis and its thickness of fibrotic septa connecting portal tracts was markedly reduced in the group 2 of ceramic water + ethanol. In immunohistochemistry, myofibroblasts were detected in the ethanol and tap water treated group 3. No or a few myofibroblasts were observed in groups 1 and 2. CYP 2E1 was rarely detected in group 1 fed ceramic water. However, group 2 showed slightly activation of CYP 2E1 in the area of pericentral, while CYP 2E1 was significantly activated in group 3 fed tap and ethanol. Taken together above, alcohol fibrosis model in pig was established. Furthermore, ceramic water had an inhibitory and protecting ability for alcohol-induced hepatic damages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.499-505
• /
• 2004

The present study was conducted to investigate extraction characteristics and antioxidative activity of Cassia tora L. extracts. Cassia tora L. was extracted by reflux extraction under different extraction conditions including solvent. The solid yield, turbidity, color value, titratable acidity, free sugar contents, electron donating ability and superoxide dismutase-like ability of Cassia tora L. extracts were determined. The highest solid yield value was obtained with water of 10 fold. No significant difference in turbidity and color value were found among the extracts prepared with various extraction solvents, 75% ethanol, 50% ethanol and water. The highest titratable acidity was obtained with 50% ethanol of Cassia tora L.. The free sugar contents of Cassia tora L. extracted with water showed the highest value. Cassia tora L. extracts with water included higher contents of free sugar compared with then of the other solvent extracts, 50% ethanol and 75% ethanol extracts. The total polyphenol compound content of Cassia tora L. extracted with 50% ethanol showed the highest value. Cassia tora L. extracts with 50% ethanol included higher contents of total polyphenol compound compared with those of the other solvent extracts, water and 75% ethanol extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.481-488
• /
• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. water and 70% ethanol extracts. The content of total polyphenol was significantly higher in water extract than in 70% ethanol extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of water extract was similar to that of Vit. C at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. The ABTS radical scavenging activities of water and 70% ethanol extract were similar to that of Vit. C at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. SOD-like activity of water extract was higher than that of 70% ethanol extract at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ but lower than that of Vit. C. The DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and SOD-like activity increased as concentrations of water and 70% ethanol extracts increased. Cell cytotoxicity was not observed at all concentrations except at $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of water extract. Inhibitory activity on NO production effect of water extract was significantly higher than that of 70% ethanol extract. These results show that E. caryophyllata Thunb. has potent biological activities, and their activities were different depending on extraction solvent.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.7
• /
• pp.943-949
• /
• 2012

The content phenolic compounds in extracts from Rehmannia glutinosa was the highest in 40% ethanol extracts as $5.1{\pm}0.2mg/g$. DPPH scavenging activity of R. glutinosa extracts was high in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 85~93%, ABTS radical cation decolorization of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts was about the same as 55~62%, antioxidant protection factor (PF) was confirmed in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 1.6~1.9 PF, and TBARs of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts were concluded to have the similar antioxidant effects. The hypertension inhibitory activity of water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts from R. glutinosa indicated the activities as 87.2% and 81.1%, anti-gout activity was determined very low in R. glutinosa extracts and antimicrobial activity against skin microorgasm was confirmed, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was determined as 70.2% in 40% ethanol extracts, it was expected the whitening effects in 40% ethanol extracts. The elastase inhibitory activity which are related to the wrinkle cause was observed in water extracts and 40% ethanol extracts as 76.2% and 57.2%. The hyaluronidase inhibitory activity to R. glutinosa extracts was observed weakly in only 40% ethanol extracts of $200{\mu}g/ml$ phenolic content as 5.1%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.882-887
• /
• 2015

This study evaluated the nutritional compositions of dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) extracts depending on the ethanol concentrations. Extractions were performed with hot water, 50% ethanol, 80% ethanol, and 95% ethanol for 4 hours. Changes in yield, as well as total carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fat, total dietary fiber, free sugar, and mineral (Na, Fe, and Ca) contents were investigated. The highest extraction yield of ethanol extracts was 44.67% in 50% ethanol extract of dropwort. Crude protein content reached a maximum of 6.70% while carbohydrate content was highest at 19.6%, in 50% ethanol extract of dropwort. Crude fat content irregularly increased according to ethanol concentration as compared with hot water extract. Total dietary fiber content decreased in ethanol extract, but these changes were not concentration-related. Total sugar contents were highest in hot water and 80% ethanol extracts. Vitamin A content of ethanol extract was higher than that of hot water extract. Mineral (Na, Ca, and Fe) contents were significantly reduced in ethanol extract according to concentration of ethanol, whereas mineral contents were higher in ethanol extract than in hot water extract. Based on this study, ethanol extract of dropwort is more efficient for development of desirable processed foods.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2010

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative and fibrinolytic activity of the water and ethanol extracts from medicinal plants. Methods : Five kinds of medicinal plants(Carthami Flos, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Schisandrae Fructus, Atractylodes Rhizoma, Shiitake mushiroom) were extracted with distilled water and 70% ethanol, and the extracts were tested for their antioxidative and fibrilytic activities. Results : The highest polyphenol contents of the water and ethanol extracts from medicinal plants were 812.52 mg and 685.44 mg per 100 g of Carthamus tinctorius and Schizandra chinensis, respectively. The electron donating abilities (EDA) of the water extracts from all medicinal plants except Lentinus edodes were about 90% at 1,000 ppm and ethanol extracts were higher than those of water extracts. The highest SOD-like activity and nitrite scavenging abilities (NSA) were both of water and ethanol extracts from Schizandra chinensis. Five kinds of medicinal plants had fibrinolytoc activity and the highest activities were water and ethanol extracts from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Conclusion : These results suggest that the medicinal plants can be used as natural antioxidant to prevent oxidative damage in normal cells probably because of their antioxidative and fibrinolytic activities.