• 연구논문집
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• 통권30호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2000

In this study, develop the thermal pump using water evaporation and condensation. Vapor from heating room moves up to pumping room and press the water of pumping room. Consequently water is pumped out to water tank. Then hot vapor direct contact with cold water in condensing room after pumping process. At this time, pressure of condensing room is down to-5kPa and suck in water of tank. This pump executes self ping and good durability because of no mechanical moving parts. Thermal pump is pumped cyclic so that, this pump is not used single. Therefore thermal pump of hot water boiler used to multi-stage for stable pumping rate. As the result of performance test, the developed thermal pump proves pumping action of water evaporation/condensation. And total volume flow rate is 500liter during one hour. If three thermal pump is installed parallel, this pump can use to the hot water boiler in the 300,000kcal/h class.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.395-395
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• 2008

Water-assisted synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been intensively studied in recent years, reporting that water vapor enhances the activity and lifetime of metal catalyst for the CNT growth. While most of these studies has been focused on the supergrowth of CNTs at high temperature, rarely has the similar approach been made for the CNT synthesis at low temperature. Since the metal catalyst are much less active at lower temperature, we expect that the addition of water vapor may increase the activity of catalyst more largely at lower temperature. We synthesized multi-walled CNTs at temperature as low as $360^{\circ}C$ by introducing water vapor during growth. The water addition caused CNTs to grow ~3 times faster. Moreover, the water-assisted growth prolonged the termination of CNT growth, implying the enhancement of catalyst lifetime. In general, a thinner catalyst layer is likely to produce smaller-diameter, longer CNTs. In a similar manner, the water vapor had a greater effect on the growth of CNTs for a smaller thickness of catalyst in this study. To figure out the role of process gases, CNTs were grown in the first stage and then exposed to each of process gases in the second stage. It was shown that water vapor and hydrogen did not etch CNTs while acetylene led to the additional growth of CNTs even faster in the second stage. As-grown CNTs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.84-93
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• 1987

Chlorothalonil 과 Command 의 수용성과 증기압을 미국 EPA 와 OECD의 방법에 준하여 측정하였다. 두 화합물의 수용성은 문헌치와 잘 일치하였다. 그러나 chlorothalonil의 증기압은 handbook 에 나타난 수치보다 5,000배 낮았고($25^{\circ}C$에서 $2{\times}10torr$)의 Command 증기압은 100배 이상 낮음($45^{\circ}C$에서 $1{\times}10\;torr$ 이하)을 발견하였다. 따라서 handbook 류의 문헌의 물리화학적 특성치를 이용하여 환경동태를 예측하는 데는 주의를 요한다. 이상의 실험을 통하여 실험상의 난점들을 파악할 수 있었고 미국내에서 Command 가 주위작물에 준 표백현상은 증기확산에 의한 것이라기 보다는 살포시 유실에 의한 현상일 가능성이 높을 것으로 추론하였다. 이러한 접근방법은 새로운 화학물질의 개발단계에서 환경동태의 예측, 기존 화학물질의 오염가능성 예측, 오염저감 대책의 제시에 기초가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2015

In this study, the temporal and spatial variation in precipitable water vapor (PWV) was analyzed for typhoon Ewiniar which had made landfall in the Korean peninsula in 2006. To make a contour map of PWV, zenith total delay (ZTD) was calculated using about 60 GPS permanent stations in Korea, and the pressure and temperature data of nearby AWS stations were interpolated and applied to the equation for calculating the PWV. While Typhoon Ewiniar was migrating north from the southern coast to the eastern coast of Korea, the PWV migrated showing a spatial distribution similar to that of rainfall. Also, the fluctuating pattern of the normalized PWV was analyzed, and the moving speed of the PWV was estimated using the delay time of the increase/decrease pattern in the eight-test stations. The result indicated that the moving speed of the PWV was about 35 km/h, which was similar to the average moving speed of the typhoon (38.9 km/h).

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.8-13
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• 2003

Frictional sound of 13 vapor permeable water repellent fabric by sound generator were recorded and analysed through FFT analysis. The frictional Sounds were quantified by calculating total sound pressure(LPT), the level range ΔL and the frequency difference Δf. Mechanical properties were measured by KES-FB. LPT values of specimens finished wet coating were higher than those of dry coating. Values for bending rigidity, shear stiffness, surface roughness and compressional recovery of polyurethane fabrics increased compared with the cire finished fabrics. Laminated fabrics had high values of frictional coefficient and low values of surface roughness. LPT showed significant correlation with compressional energy, weight and thickness. (ΔL) was highly correlated with compressional linearity, frictional coefficient, compressional recovery, and (Δf) with tensile linearity, compressional energy, thickness, and weight.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1995년도 제3회 심포지움 (분리막 연구의 최신동향)
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• pp.73-85
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• 1995

The asymmetric hollow fiber membranes were prepared by the wet spining of polyetherimide dope solution and the effect of hollow fiber structures on the permeation characteristics of carbon dioxide and nitrogen gases through these membrane were investigated. As the concentration of the $\gamma$-butyrolactone (GBL) in dope solution, acting as a swelling agent was increased, the structure of hollow fiber was changed from the finger to sponge type. The permeabilities of gases (CO$_{2}$, N$_{2}$) through these membrane were measured over the wide range of pressure under different temperature. The effect of water vapor on the permeabilities of gases was also investigated. The measured permeabilities showed the different characteristics depending on the structure of membranes. It was found that the flow through the pores were dominant over the polymers matrix. Blocking effect by water vapor in the pores of skin layer greatly improved the ideal separation factor of carbon dioxide/nitrogen.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.565-574
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 GPS 관측 데이터로부터 가강수량을 복원하는 과정에 있어서 한국의 계절별 특성을 고려한 가중 평균 기온 모델(Tm)을 개발하고 4개소의 GPS 상시관측소에 대하여 이를 적용하였다. 가중 평균 기온은 지역의 수증기 압력과 기온 프로파일에 관계하기 때문에, GPS 대류권 습윤 지연으로부터 추정한 수증기 정보의 정확도는 가중 평균 기온 추정 정확도에 비례하게 된다. 다른 국가에서 제시한 모델들과 비교하여 한국의 계절별 가중 평균 기온 모델의 적용이 GPS 가강수량 추정 정확도를 개선시킬 수 있다는 결과를 제공하였다. 따라서 실제 습윤 지연량을 가강수량으로 환산하는 단계에서 계절적으로 적합한 가중 평균 기온 모델은 다른 모델들에 비하여 대류권에서의 GPS 신호 지연으로부터 가강수량 추정의 상대적 편의 제거 효과가 크기 때문에 고정확도 수증기량 추정에 유용하다고 판단된다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1999

폴리설폰 중공사막에 대한 산소와 질소의 투과도에 미치는 수분의 영향에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 상대습도가 증가할수록 수분을 함유한 산소와 질소의 투과도는 감소하였따. 공급압력 3 kgf/$cm^2$와 온도 3$0^{\circ}C$에서, 상대습도 100% 인 산소의 투과도는 건조산소의 투과도보다 20%만큼 감소하였으며, 질소는 14%만틈 감소하였다. 수분을 gkadmb한 산소의 투과도는 운전시간이 경과함에 따라 단조하게 감소하여 정상상태에 도달하였다. 그러나, 질소의 투과도는 일시적으로 증가하였다가 감소하여 정상상태에 도달하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to predict numerically the effect of intake humidification on the injected diesel fuel spray characteristics in a compression ignition engine. In this work, Wave model and Ducowicz model were applied as the break-up model and evaporation model, respectively. The amount of water vapor for the humidification was changed from 0% to 30% of injected fuel mass. The number of applied meshes was generated from 49,000 to 110,000. At the same time, the results of this work were compared in terms of spray tip penetration, SMD and equivalence ratio distributions. It was found that the cylinder temperature and cylinder pressure were decreased with increasing water vapor mass by vaporization latent heat and specific heat, however, the difference was very small. So, the spray tip penetration was not different by water vapor mass. Also, higher equivalence ratio distributions were observed with increasing water vapor mass by the improvement of fuel atomization.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.6
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• pp.52-53
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• 2005

$Y_2O_3$ film was directly deposited on Ni-3at%W substrate using DC reactive sputtering technique. Metallic yttrium was used for DC sputtering target and water vapor was used for oxidizing the deposited metallic Yttrium atoms on the substrate. The window of the water vapor turned out to be broad. The minimum partial pressure of water vapor was determined by sufficient oxidation of the $Y_2O_3$ film, and the maximum partial pressure of water vapor was determined by the non-oxidation of the target surface. As the sputtering power was increased, The deposition rate increased without narrowing the window. The fabricated $Y_2O_3$ films showed good texture qualities and surface morphologies. The YBCO film deposited directly on the $Y_2O_3$ buffered Ni-3at%W substrate showed $T_c$, $I_c$ (77 K, self field), and $J_c$ (77 K, self field) of 89 K, 64 A/cm and 1.l $MA/cm^2$, respectively.