• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.454-463
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• 2024

Background: Panax quinquefolius L, widely recognized for its valuable contributions to medicine, has aroused considerable attention globally. Different from the extensive research has been dedicated to the root of P. quinquefolius, its berry has received relatively scant focus. Given its promising medicinal properties, this study was focused on the structural characterizations and anti-inflammatory potential of acidic polysaccharides from the P. quinquefolius berry. Materials and methods: P. quinquefolius berry was extracted with hot water, precipitated by alcohol, separated by DEAE-52-cellulose column to give a series of fractions. One of these fractions was further purified via Sephadex G-200 column to give three fractions. Then, the main fraction named as AGBP-A3 was characterized by methylation analysis, NMR spectroscopy, etc. Its anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by RAW 264.7 cell model, zebrafish model and molecular docking. Results: The main chain comprised of α-L-Rhap, α-D-GalAp and β-D-Galp, while the branch consisted mainly of α-L-Araf, β-D-Glcp, α-D-GalAp, β-D-Galp. The RAW264.7 cell assay results showed that the inhibition rates against IL-6 and IL-1β secretion at the concentration of 625 ng/mL were 24.83 %, 11.84 %, while the inhibition rate against IL-10 secretion was 70.17 % at the concentration of 312 ng/mL. In the zebrafish assay, the migrating neutrophils were significantly reduced in number, and their migration to inflammatory tissues was inhibited. Molecular docking predictions correlated well with the results of the anti-inflammatory assay. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the structure of acidic polysaccharides of P. quinquefolius berry and their effect on inflammation, providing a reference for screening anti-inflammatory drugs.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.213-227
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• 2006

자연저감의 메커니즘을 설명하기 위하여 납과 비소 함량이 높은 세창광산 지역의 광산배수, 침출수 및 지표수의 지구화학적 변화를 연구하였다. 주요 오염원인 폐광석에서 미량원소의 분산 및 물리화학적인 조건의 변화에 따른 미량원소의 이동도를 평가하기 위하여 총함량 분석 및 연속추출을 수행하였다. 이러한 광산배수, 침출수 및 지표수의 화학성분은 시료채취의 위치 및 시기별로 변화가 컸으며, 특히 pH가 매우 낮고(pH 2.1-3.3), 황산염(최대 661mg/l) 및 미량원소의 함량(최대 169mg/l Zn, 27mg/l As, 3.97mg/l Pb, 2.99mg/l Cu and 1.88mg/l Cd)이 매우 높은 경우가 관찰되었다. 그러나 지표수에서의 비소와 미량원소의 함량은 특별한 처리를 하지 않아도 광산배수와 침출수가 배출되는 지점으로부터 가까운 거리인 지류와 합류되는 지점(8번, 16번)에서 자연배경값과 거의 유사한 함량으로 낮아졌다. 철-황화광물의 산화작용과 가수분해에 따른 비정질 철-2차광물의 침전작용은 하천으로 유입되는 미량원소의 이동을 크게 감소시켜주는 효과적인 자연저감 메커니즘이었다. 또한 오염되지 않은 지표수와의 합류에 의한 희석효과도 미량원소의 함량을 감소시키고 점진적으로 pH를 증가시켰다. 한편, 가장 용해성이 높은 원소인 아연은 pH가 거의 중성에 가까워질 때까지 상당량이 용해된 용질상태로 남아있었다. 환경독성학적인 관점으로 볼 때, 세창광산 지역에서는 아연에 의한 오염에 특별한 관심을 가져야 한다. 이러한 것은 수분을 함유한 폐광석에서 아연의 대부분이 양이 온교환형(전체 함량의 65-89%)으로 존재하고, 납은 전체함량의 65-89%가 산화광물 및 탄산염광물형태와 수반되었으며, 카드뮴, 구리 및 비소는 잔류형태가 우세한 것으로 나타난 연속추출실험 결과에 의해서도 확인되었다. 건조상태의 폐광석에서는 전체 납 함량의 34-48%가 쉽게 용출될 수 있는 양이온교환형태로 존재하였다. 양이온교환 및 탄산염광물 수반된 금속의 비율을 고려하면 각 미량원소의 상대적인 이동도는 Zn>Pb>Cd>As=Cu의 순서로 감소하는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1968

Number of aspects, not only nutritional but social as well as political involved in human starvation pose nowadays global problems. In order to help establish the minimum nutritional requirements in the daily life of a man and to free people as well from either undernourishment, malnutrition or even starvation many workers have devoted themselves so far on the research programs to know what and how number of metabolic events take place in animals in vivo. It is the purpose of the present paper to examine in effect to what extent both of the protein and nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) together with an enzyme, guanine deaminase, which converts guanine into xanthine and in turn ends up to uric acid as an end product, undergo changes, quantitatively during acute starvation, using the mouse as an experimental animal. The mouse was strictly inhibited from taking foods except drinking water ad libitum and was sacriflced 24, 48, and 72 hours following starvation thus acutely induced. The animals consisted of two experimental groups, one control and another starvation groups, each being consisted of 6-24 mice of whose body weights ranged in the vicinity of 10 g. The animals were sacriflced by a blow on the head, followed by immediate excision of their livers into ice-cold distilled water, washing adherent blood and other contaminant tissues. The liver was minced foramin, by an all-glass homogenizer immersing it in an ice-bath, followed by subsequent fractionatin of the homogenate (10% W/V in 0.25M sucrose solution made up with 0.05M phosphate buffer of pH 7.4). For the liver protein and guanine deaminase assay, the 10% homogenate was centrifuged at 600 x g for 10 minutes to eliminate the nuclear fraction; and for the estimation of DNA and RNA, the homogenate was prepared by the addition of 10% trichloroacetic acid in order to free the homogenate from the acid-soluble fraction, the remaining residue being delipidate by the addition of alcohol and dried in vacuo for later KOH (IN) hydrolysis. The changes in body and liver wegihts during acute starvation were checked gravimetrically. Protein contents in the liver were monitored by the method of Lowry et al; and guanine deaminase activities were followed by the assay of liberated ammonia from the substrate utilizing the Caraway's colorimetry. The extraction of both DNA and RNA was performed by the Schmidt-Thannhauser's method, which was followed by Marmur's method of purification for DNA and by Chargaff's method of purification for RNA. The determinations of both DNA and RNA were carried out by the diphenylamine reaction for the former and by the orcinol reaction for the latter. The following resume was the results of the present work. 1. It was observed that the body as well as liver weights fall abruptly during starvation, and that the loss of body weight showed no statistical correlation with the decreases in the content of liver protein. 2. The content of liver protein and activity of liver guanine deaminase activity as well decline dramatically, and the specific activities of the enzyme (activity/protein), however, decreased gradually as starvation proceeded. 3. Both of the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, showed decrements in the liver of mouse during acute starvation; the latter, however, being more striking in the decline as compared to the former. 4. The decreases in the liver protein content as resulted from the acute starvation had no statistically significant correlation with the decrements of DNA in the same tissue, but had regressed with a significant statistical correlation with the fall of RNA in the tissue. 5. The decrease in the activity of guanine deaminase in the liver of mouse during acute starvation was functionally more proportional to the decrease in RNA than DNA, and moreover correlated with the changes in the content of the liver protein. 6. The possible mechanisms involved during in this acute starvation as bring the decreases in the contents of DNA, protein, and guanine deaminase were discussed briefly.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2006

구상나무(Abies koreana Maximowicz)와 전나무(Abies holophylla Wilson) 잎을 채취하여 건조시킨 후 분말로 제조하여 각각 1.5 kg을 아세톤-물(7:3, v/v)로 추출하고 헥산, 메틸렌클로라이드, 에틸아세테이트 및 수용성으로 분획하여 동결건조 시켰다. 에틸아세테이트용성 분획을 Sephadex LH-20으로 충진한 칼럼에서 메탄올과 에탄올-헥산 혼합액을 용리용매로 사용하여 칼럼크로마토그래피를 실시하였다. 단리된 화합물들은 TLC로 확인한 후 $^1H-$, $^{13}C-NMR$, COSY, HETCOR 등의 스펙트럼을 사용하여 정확한 구조를 규명하였고 FAB 및 EI-MS로써 분자량을 측정하였다. 많은 양의 aromadendrin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (화합물 III), polydatin (화합물 VI), (-)-rhododendrol-2-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (화합물 VII)가 단리되었으며, 소량의 (+)-catechin (화합물 I), kaempferol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (화합물IV), myricetin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (화합물 V), naringenin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (화합물 II)도 단리 되었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거법을 이용하여 단리된 화합물들에 대한 항산화 활성시험을 실시하였으며 (+)- catechin과 polydatin이 항산화 효능을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2011

4종류의 다공성 합성흡착제(Sepabeads 207, 700, 850, Diaion HP 20)를 사용하여 Rubus coreanus 과실의 물 추출물로부터 과당 및 비polyphenol성분을 효과적으로 제거하여 DPPH라디칼 소거능 및 화학발광법을 이용한 superoxide 라디칼 소거능이 증가된 농축물을 효율적으로 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 실시간 HPLC $ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$ 활성분석 시스템을 활용하여 6개의 항산화 능력을 갖는 활성피크를 확인할 수 있었으며 이들 대상으로 LC-MS/MS분석을 실시하여 5개의 anthocyanin인 cyanidin-3-sambubioside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-xylosylrutinoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, pelargonidin-3-rutinoside를 mass pattern 및 분자량 확인 과정을 통해 잠정적 화학구조 동정을 하였다. 수율과 항산화 효능을 고려해 볼 때, 4종의 합성흡착제 중에서 Diaion HP 20이 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 이처럼 적절한 합성흡착제의 선택으로 표적물질에 대한 polyphenol성 물질의 농축뿐만 아니라 생리학적 활성증대효과를 가져올 수 있어 적절한 합성흡착제의 선택은 식품 및 의약품의 정제 및 분리에 유용하게 활용될 수 있음이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.633-642
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• 2002

1. ETEC F41 균주로부터 분리한 섬모항원의 분자량은 29.5 kDa으로 나타났으며, western blot을 통하여 섬모항원임을 확인하였다. 2. 분리한 섬모항원의 농도를 50 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$, 200 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$, 600 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$로 조정 후 산란계에 접종하였다. 이 후 ELISA법을 이용하여 난황의 항체역가를 측정한 결과 최고치가 320,000(antigen 50${\mu}g$/$m\ell$), 450,000(antigen 200${\mu}g$/$m\ell$), 320,000(anti- gen 600${\mu}g$/$m\ell$)으로 나타났다. 3. F41난황항체와 K88, K99, 987P 섬모항원과의 교차반응을 ELISA법을 이용하여 조사해본 결과 난황항체를 30,000배 희석 시 교차반응이 없었다. 4. 실험실조건하에서 난황항체의 항원결합능력을 조사한 결과, 동결건조한 WSF을 2${\sim}$4 mg/$m\ell$ 첨가 시 균체의 농도가 $10^9$ CFU/$m\ell$에서 $10^5$ CFU/$m\ell$로 급격하게 감소하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.717-724
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• 2003

A newly isolated Citrobacter sp. Y19 catalyzes the CO-dependent $H_2$ production (biological water-gas shift reaction) by the actions of CO dehydrogenase (CODH) and hydrogenase. Y 19 requires $O_2$ for fast growth, but its $H_2$ production activity is significantly inhibited by $O_2$. In the present study, the effect of $O_2$ on the activities of CODH ard hydrogenase was investigated quantitatively in both whole cells and broken cells, based on CO-dependent or methyl viologen (MV)-dependent $H_2$ production in addition to CO-dependent MV reduction. In crude cell extracts, CODH activity was mostly found in the soluble fraction. Inactivation of CODH and hydrogenase activities by $O_2$ followed the first-order decay kinetics, and the dependence of the rate constants on $O_2$ partial pressure could be expressed by the Michaelis-Menten equation. In whole cells, the maximum deactivation rate constants ($k_{d,max}$ of hydrogenase and CODH were quite similar: $0.07{\pm}0.03 min^{-1}\;and\;0.10{\pm}0.04 min^{-1}$, respectively. However, the first-order rate constant ($k_{d,max}/K_s$) of CODH ($0.25\;min^{-1}\;atm^{-1}$) at low $O_2$ partial pressures was about 3-fold higher than that of the hydrogenase, since the half-saturation constant ($K_s$) of CODH was about half of that of hydrogenase. In broken cells, both enzymes became significantly more sensitive to $O_2$ compared to the unbroken cells, while $k_{d,max}/K_s$ increased 37-fold for hydrogenase and 6.7-fold for CODH. When whole cells were incubated under anaerobic conditions after being exposed to air for 1 h, hydrogenase activity was recovered more than 90% in 2 h suggesting that the deactivation of hydrogenase by $O_2$ was reversible. On the contrary, CODH activity was not recovered once deactivated by $O_2$ and the only way to recover the activity was to synthesize new CODH. This study indicates that $O_2$ sensitivity of $H_2$ production activity of Citrobacter sp. Y19 is an important drawback as in other $H_2-producing$ bactria.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2006

This study examined effects of crude oil on the phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in mussel Mytilus edulis and rockfish Sebastes schlegeli, a representative bivalve and a culture fish, respectively. This work also intended indirectly to evaluate the post impact recovery from the massive oil tanker spillage accidents occurred during the summer of 1995 in the sea area off Yosu City, Chonnam. For these, enzyme activities of UDPGT and GST were examined in the fish and mussel following laboratory exposure to fresh crude oil, weathered oil, field-obtained oil residues, or in the field biota samples. Decreased GST activity was observed in rock fish following exposure to oil-soluble fraction (OSF) of fresh oil. A similar diminished GST activity was also observed after OSF of artificially weathered oil. OSF of field oil residues retrieved from the spillage area approximately 1 year later also exerted a slight inhibition of GST to rockfish. There was neither a change in UDPGT in rockfish, nor were there changes in mussel in both enzymes to any oil fractions. We could not observe any difference in the two enzymes either in rockfish or mussel sampled from the field during $1.5{\sim}2.0$ years post spillage, indicating that their enzyme systems might had been recovered by the sampling time. In conclusion, it seems that the inhibition of GST activity in rockfish is a biomarker response to crude oil exposure. The results, however, must be interpreted with care, as the inhibition nay reflect various factors such as oil concentration, duration and water temperature.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 1987

수납시기 6년근 수삼의 동체중심부의 유리아미노산 조성을 지상부의 고사유무와 관련하여 조사하였다. 유리아미노산의 총합은 고사경의 경우에 증가하는 경향이나 유의성은 없었다. 유리아미노산 총합(3.5~49% 건중)은 ninhydrin법에 의한 총유리아미노산 함량과 차이가 컸으며 이는 수용성비단백질 분획에 상당량의 유리아미노산 이외의 ninhydrin 반응물이 있음을 나타낸다. 경의 고사가 유리아미노산 조성유이도에 영향을 주지는 아니하였다. 17개 아미산중 10개가 경고사에 의하여 증가하는 경향을 보였고 두개(glutamic acid, cysteine)는 감소경향을 보였다. 주요 amino acid는 arginine(상대함량 58%), glycine(6.2), lysine(5.9), serine(5.7), glutamic acid(4.2), aspartic acid(3.5)였다. 이상의 결과는 조기낙엽이나 경고사가 유리아미노산을 감소시키지 아니하므로 유리아미노산이 내백과 관계되지 아니함을 강력히 시사한다. 보고된 모든 경우에 arginine의 함량이 가장 높으므로 질소 대사에 중요한 역할이 있을 것이다. 본 조사결과가 기타 보고된 것과 유리아미노산 조성 유사도에서 arginine을 제외한 경우 유의성이 없는 것을 주로 alanine, phenylalanine, glycine및 proline의 변화 때문이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2005

본 연구는 H. pylori를 산란계에 과면역시켜서 얻은 anti-H pylori IgY난황 분말의 안전성과 위염 환자에 있어서 H. pylori에 대한 억제 효과를 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. Anti-H. pylori IgY난황 분말의 안전성 실험은 급성 독성실험과 아급성 독성실험으로 알아보았다. 급성 독성 실험시 식이섭취나 성장 모두 정상적이었고, 마우스의 체중(kg)당 400mg까지 투여했을 때 이상을 관찰할 수 없었다. 아급성 독성실험에서 외관상의 이상현상은 관찰할 수 없었고, 혈청의 CBC 검사에서 백혈구 수치도 정상적이었다. 그리고 소화기관과 간조직의 병리학적 이상은 관찰되지 않았다. 이 결과로 미루어 anti-H pylori IgY난황분말은 독성이 없음이 확인되었다. 임상실험에서는 WSF 분말 급이군의 UBT 수치는 58.65에서 35.33으로 약 23.31 감소하였으며, anti-H pylori IgY 난황분말 혼합 급이군의 UBT 수치는 47.77에서 28.81로 약 17.95 감소 효과를 보였다. WSF 분말 급이군은 anti-H. pylori IgY 난황분말 혼합 급이군보다 UBT 수치의 감소율이 더 크게 나타났다. 이와 같이 임상실험에서 anti-H, pylori IgY는 H. pylori의 억제 효과가 있음이 확인되었다.