• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.88-92
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• 2006

This study is intended to check the flame temperature to raise in burning grade C heavy fuel oil and emulsion fuel oil in a boiler and to measure the concentration of Dry Shoot(DS) and Soluble Organic Fraction(SOF) after collecting the Particulate Matters (PM). The flames temperature in boiler was measured by burning grade C heavy oil and oil-water emulsion (C heavy oil $70\%\;and\;30\%$ of water) Combustion characteristics of two fuels was also compared by trapping particulate matters (PM) in exhaust gas and measuring the generated quantities of DS and SOF in fuel gas.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1987.06a
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• pp.75-80
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• 1987

Over twelve alkaloids were detected in the ether-soluble alkaloid fraction of Panax ginseng roots. Among them, three alkaloids were identified as N9-formylharman, ethyl $\beta$-carboline-1-carboxylate and perlolyrine on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic studies. And also spinacine was isolated from the water-soluble fraction of the roots.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2005

The present study examined effects of a water-soluble fraction from mulberry leaves (ML water fraction) on the circulatory and autonomic nervous systems, which were compared with those of acetylcholine (ACh) used as a reference drug in order to elucidate its mechanism of action. Intravenous administration of ACh or a ML water fraction produced temporary depressor and tachycardiac responses in a dose-dependent manner in unrestrained, conscious Sprague-Dawley rats. The systemic hemodynamic effects of ACh and a ML water fraction were almost completely blocked by pretreatment with atropine, a muscarinic antagonist. The depressor responses to ACh and a ML water fraction were slightly enhanced and prolonged by pretreatment with neostigmine, an anticholinesterase, whereas the tachycardiac responses were remarkably blocked by pretreatment with pentolinium, a ganglionic blocking agent. In vitro experiments using the ileum isolated from rats showed that ACh and a ML water fraction increased ileal contractility in a dose-dependent manner. The increases in ileal contractility were also completely abolished in the presence of atropine. Finally, the specific binding of [$^3H$]quinuclidinyl benzilate, a muscarinic antagonist, to rat cortical synaptic membranes was inhibited by a ML water fraction in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC$_{50}$ value of 9.5 mg/ml. The results suggest that the effects of a ML water fraction are mediated through direct stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors by unknown cholinomimetic substance(s) contained in that fraction.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2015

This study was performed to determine the optimal hydrolysis conditions for the production of hydrolysates, including water-soluble dietary fiber from Chinese cabbage, with commercial enzymes. The optimal pH and temperature for hydrolysis of the hemicellulose fraction were pH 5.0 and $40^{\circ}C$, and optimal enzyme concentrations were 45 units and 21 units for Shearzyme plus and Viscozyme L, respectively. The yields of the hydrolysate including the water-soluble dietary fiber from the hemicellulose fraction by Shearzyme plus and Viscozyme L were 22.64 and 24.73%, respectively, after a 72 h reaction. The molecular weight distribution of alcohol-insoluble fiber was characterized by gel chromatography; degradation of hemicellulose increased with increasing reaction time. Our results indicate that the hemicellulose fraction was degraded to water-soluble dietary fiber by enzymatic hydrolysis, and its hydrolysate could be utilized as new watersoluble food materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 1995

This investigation was undertaken for the purpose of studying the changes of pectic substances in alcohol insoluble solids(AIS) extracted from cucumbers pickled in salt. The preparation methods were brining the cucumbers in 10% NaCl solution (bolied, method A), 20% NaCl solution(bolied, method B) and 20% NaCl solution(cool to $25^{\circ}C$ after boiling, method C). The composition ratio of hot water soluble pectin(HWSP) in AIS decreased during brining, while that of 0.4% sodium hexametaphosphate soluble pectin(NaSP) increased remarkably. The contents of Ca and Mg in AIS increased regardless of preparation methods used. By DEAE-cellulose chromatography, HWSP from fresh and brined cucumbers were divided into six fracitons. 0.2M peak was the main fraction in fresh cucumber, whereas 0.05M and 0.2M peak were the main fraction in pickled cucumbers. On the other hands, NaSP from fresh and brined cucumbers were divided into five fractions and 0.4M peak was the main fraction. However, the composition ratios of galacturonic acid and neutral sugar of 0.4M fraction in brined cucumbers were higher than those of fresh cucumber.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2012

Mulberry extracts can be incorporated into skin-whitening products. The compound attributed to lighten the skin is arbutin, a form of hydroquinone that inhibits melanin release by suppressing the tyrosinase enzyme. For the cosmetic applications, the physiological effects of mulberry (Morus alba) extracts were investigated. The water soluble fraction of mulberry contains higher amount of protein (16.28~4.47%) in contrast to fat (1.55~1.41%). In addition, the fraction abundantly contains succinic acid (972.4-275.8 mg/g) and phosphoric acid (1,628.4-121.9 mg/g) in different parts of mulberry. The free radical scavenging ability in water soluble fraction was found to display remarkable effects in comparison with methanol and ethyl acetate fraction. The ethyl acetate-soluble of root and leaf showed remarkable tyrosinase inhibition activity by IC 50 (${\mu}g/ml$). The anticancer activity of methanol fraction obtained from mulberry using human cancer cell lines showed growth inhibition effect (270.14 mg/ml in Calu-6 cells, 295.29 mg/ml in HCT-116, and 332.29 mg/ml in MCF-7 cells, respectively). Based on the results, Morus alba extracts include cosmetic ingredients with antioxidizing and whitening properties.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.503-509
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• 2003

COD fractionation of primary settled municipal wastewater was conducted by respirometry. RBCOD (Readily Biodegradable COD) fraction was analyzed to be 21% of influent TCOD. However, SCOD fraction, analyzed by physical separation using $0.45{\mu}m$ membrane filter, was about 31% of TCOD. Therefore, 10% of soluble inert COD was comprised in TCOD. It means that kinetic analysis of activated sludge system was impossible because serious error would be occurred if SCOD was used as a biodegradable soluble component instead of RBCOD estimated from respirometry. In this study, RBCOD fraction of raw wastewater could be analyzed by respirometry within the error range of 57%. In addition, SBCOD (Slowly Biodegradable COD) content could be determined by kinetic simulation of the experimental results. SBCOD showed about 2-fold higher fraction (38% of TCOD) as compared with RBCOD.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.315-322
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial activities of organic extracts obtained from the fruit of Thuja orientalis L. The native fruits in Korea were collected and extracted by 80% ethanol, and the extract was sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, and butanol. The fraction yields of n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water of ethanol extract were 10.15%, 10.05%, 1.45%, 45.35% and 27.55%, respectively. n-Hexane-soluble fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria, while the chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and aqueous fractions did not show any antibacterial activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) on Staphyloycoccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Sateptococcus pneumoniae, n-hexane-soluble fraction were $100\;{\mu}g$, $500\;{\mu}g$ and $50\;{\mu}g$/disc, respectively. The antibacterial activity was not destroyed by heating at 80, 100, $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and was not affected by pH. In the inhibitory test against the Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Sateptococcus pneumoniae, n-hexane-soluble fraction showed potent growth inhibition at the concentration of 0.1 and $0.5\;{\mu}g/mL$ for 12~24 hours and n-hexane-soluble fraction did not show any mutagenic activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.180-185
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• 1997

This work was carried out to investigate change of polygalacturonase activities and polygalacturonase patterns by gel filtration chromatography during softening of persimmon and jujube fruits. During softening of two kinds of fruit, polygalacturonase activities of water-soluble and salt-soluble proteins were increased, but that of cell wall-bound proteins was decreased. In water-soluble and salt-soluble proteins of persimmon fruits, two peaks of polygalacturonase activity were separated in mature stages, but one peak in soft stages. During softening of those fruits, the peaks of polygalacturonase activity in water-soluble and salt-soluble proteins appeared on the same fraction with the peaks of polygalacturonase activity in cell wall-bound proteins.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Cinnamomum camphora on melanogenesis. The MeOH extract of Cinnamomum camphora inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, it significantly suppressed the melanin production in melan-a cells at the concentration of $100{\mu}/m{\ell}$. The MeOH extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. Among them, the BuOH soluble fraction exhibited significant inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase. In addition, the BuOH soluble fraction reduced the melanin production in melan-a cells. But, the BuOH soluble fraction had less inhibition effects on melan-a cell originated tyrosinase. So, it was performed western blotting for melanogenic proteins (tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP-2)) using melan-a cells. The BuOH soluble fraction inhibited the protein expression of tyrosinase at the concentration of $100{\mu}/m{\ell}$. The results suggested that the BuOH soluble fraction of C. camphora might be a potent inhibitor of melanin biosynthesis in melan-a cells.