• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.82
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• pp.266-271
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• 2007

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been widely used as a monomer for production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. The annual production of BPA exceeds 640,000 metric tons in worldwide. BPA, a suspected phenolic endocrine disrupter, is moderately soluble and frequently detected in industrial wastewater. To date, HPLC and GC has been used for BPA analysis. However, HPLC and GC-analysis need high operation lost, experts, and an elaborate pre-treatment of samples, and is difficult to apply on-time and mass analysis. Therefore, simple, mass and rapid detection of BPA in environments is necessary. In the present study, spectrophotometric method of BPA quantification was developed. Based on blue-color product formation with BPA and ferric chloride/ferricyanide under the optimized conditions, the standard curve was acquired $({\lambda}_{750}=0.061\;BPA\;[{\mu}M]+0.07155,\;R^2=0.992)$. Using an established method, the BPA contents in the soil extract, and different water samples and living products, including disposable syringe, cup and plastic tube, were analyzed. The results suggested that the method is useful for BPA determination from different massive samples. Since the BPA metabolites, nontoxic 4-hydroxyacetophenone or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, did not form blue-color product, this method is also useful to screen a microorganism for BPA bioremediation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.153-166
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• 1991

Laver is sea weeds that might have been eaten by Korean people since ancient times. The begining of laver culture is not known exactly, but it appears to be prehistoric age. Some laver culture complexes have been built in southern coastal sea of Korea around 1910. This paper was considered about the origin and development process of Korean laver culture industry by investigating Korean and Asian old books concerned. The results are as follows. 1. According to the Korean old books ralated, the name of laver is classified into 10kinds. Gim and Hae-I were called by Korean. Gim means weeds and Hae-I means the manufactured laver by cutting and drying like paper sheet. Ja-Chae and Hae-Tae are come from Chinese, however they are commonly called by Korean, Japanese and Chinese. Rest six names are come from Chinese botany. 2. As Chinese used laver as medicine for wen, scrofula, fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and. so on, they didn't regard it as foods and took into account an warning by Chinese botany that they could take ill when overeating it. On the other as Korean people have eaten it with pleasure nevertheless the Chinese warning, various foods using laver have been developed. The typical food is rice covering laver sheet. It is also popular to Japanese. 3. Laver culture can be carried out in all coastal seas around Korean peninsula, the best sea area for it is the middle west of south sea. 4. Seopkkoji type is a laver culture method that when branches of tree are put in tidal flat laver sporules are attached and gronm on them. It was begun by Hae-Jak Kun(a group of fishery slaves) on Kwang-Yang bay the most suitable for. laver growth at the beginning of King $Sung-long(1469{\~}1481)$. It is assumed that when Hae-Jak Kun set Oe-Jeon(a sort of fixing fishing gear) to catch tributary fish for king, they could find grown laver attached on Oe-Jeon and invent Seopkkoji type for exclusive laver culture. That was carried out 200 fears earlier than in Japan. Dde-Bal type is more advanced and productive laver culture method with thinly spilt bamboo tied like screen(one end fixed on bottom and other end set free in water), It is assumed that Dde-Bal type was begun in Wan-Do county in King Chull-Jong(1830). All laver culture methods developed were transfered to Japan.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 1996

The wastes ot l~mestone mines have been cause the extrar.ngance of the valuablz m e r a l s and destruction of the environment. Therefore, \\-c tied ta separation of calcite illid clay from the limestone mine wastes by rotntmg screen type separator made by ourselves in order to recyding such us a raw matcriala for cement maimfacture. CaO amtents in the separated coarse products increased from 37.36 wt% to 42+2 wt% at the condition ihat water content in wastes was lzss than 6wt%, the passing time of specimen in &amber was 15 semnds and the rotation speed was 6OLl qm. A process in order lo separate wastes effectively to having wide range aI part~dcs ize was cstablishcd and CaO contents of coarsc products through this process increased to 46.85 wt%. Tbis rcsult is insuEiicient to directly rcusing as a raw malerials for cement. However, it is supposed that coarse products would be able to be reuscd as a raw materials uf cement, if only it rs sclected dolomite in wastes, and really it may be possible in fields Othenvise, undcrsize products(less than 20 mm) would be able to recycling as a raw of cement bccause chcmicrl campasitions of thosc is kept almost constant v&cs on the overall process.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2004

In the human skin, vitamin C (L -ascorbic acid) that is well known as the activated materials has effects that is skin anti-aging and wrinkle repair by giving impetus to collagen biosynthesis and anti-oxidation, and that is the sun screen, a wound recovering, inhibition melanogenesis and so on. In spite of its effects, vitamin C has the defects of the skin stimulation and easily oxidized instability by water, air, heat and light. For solving their matters, many investigation is advanced and its results are synthesized the various vitamin C derivatives. And yet they have not solved the unstable property of vitamin C and were still insufficient for the comparing with the effect of the pure vitamin C itself. In this study, in order to prepare vitamin C derivative of being improved the stability and to apply vitamin C effect in the skin, we prepared new vitamin C derivative, phytosphingosine ascorbate, by using phytosphingosine, one of sphingolipids, which have a distinguished skin affinity. Phytosphingosine ascorbate can be prepared as the ionic bond between amine group (-NH$_2$) of phytosphingosine and hydroxy group (-OH) of vitamin C by way of the relatively simple reaction. So the structure and properties of the synthesized phytosphingosine ascorbate was confirmed the use of elemental analysis (C 58.3 : H 9.3 : N 2.8 : O 29.5), MALDI TOF-MS (Mw=492.58), Ultraviolet spectra (268.5nm), lH NMR, FT-IR spectra, thermal analysis (m.p=l54$^{\circ}C$), HPLC and so on. And we could confirm the anti-bacterial and anti-oxidation effects. Based on these results, we could confirm to prepare a new material that was expected of both effects of vitamin C and phytosphingosine and that is improved properties of vitamin C.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.182-186
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• 2008

The prism spectrometer is a standard device for the measurement of refractive index; it is used in undergraduate laboratories. Typically, however, lots of attention is required in the alignment, and the accuracy of the obtained refractive index is not so high in spite of the durability of the device. The maximum and minimum deviation method, which compensates the disadvantages of the prism spectrometer, can be composed cost effectively using a length marking tape and a rotating platform. It can measure the refractive indices accurately by utilizing a wide screen. In this study, the equal sided hollow prism whose length is 26 mm was fabricated and measured the refractive indices of seven kind of liquids (pure water, $C_3H_5(OH)_2$, $CCl_4$, $C_6H_4NH_2$, $CS_2$, $C_6H_4(CH_3)_2)$ by using the prism spectrometer and maximum and minimum deviated laser beam method at the wavelengths of He-Ne laser (${\lambda}$= 632.8 nm) and YVO4 laser (${\lambda}$= 532 nm). The result shows that the data obtained by the latter method are more accurate and precise than those obtained by the former device.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.330-338
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• 2017

Background: Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) is a ginseng saponin that is widely investigated because of its remarkable antitumor activity. However, the molecular mechanism by which (20S) G-Rh2 triggers its functions and how target animals avoid its cytotoxic action remains largely unknown. Methods: Phage display was used to screen the human targets of (20S) G-Rh2. Fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy were used to confirm the interaction of candidate target proteins and (20S) G-Rh2. Molecular docking was utilized to calculate the estimated free energy of binding and to structurally visualize their interactions. MTT assay and immunoblotting were used to assess whether human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and bovine serum can reduce the cytotoxic activity of (20S) G-Rh2 in HepG2 cells. Results: In phage display, (20S) G-Rh2-beads and (20R) G-Rh2-beads were combined with numerous kinds of phages, and a total of 111 different human complementary DNAs (cDNA) were identified, including HSA which had the highest rate. The binding constant and number of binding site in the interaction between (20S)-Rh2 and HSA were $3.5{\times}10^5M^{-1}$ and 1, and those in the interaction between (20S) G-Rh2 and BSA were $1.4{\times}10^5M^{-1}$ and 1. The quenching mechanism is static quenching. HSA, BSA and bovine serum significantly reduced the proapoptotic effect of (20S) G-Rh2. Conclusion: HSA and BSA interact with (20S) G-Rh2. Serum inhibited the activity of (20S) G-Rh2 mainly due to the interaction between (20S) G-Rh2 and serum albumin (SA). This study proposes that HSA may enhance (20S) G-Rh2 water solubility, and thus might be used as nanoparticles in the (20S) G-Rh2 delivery process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.489-492
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• 2006

Red tide occurred sporadically in early 90s. But It is happening extensively by global warming. So, Airline observation, Red tide buoy development, and Red tide alarm system research is progressing for monitor ring. However, study to early forecast red tide and red tide alarm system did not exist hard. This paper proposed development that design and implementation red tide database of using wireless sensor network. There are GPS, Water Temperature sensor, Oxygen sensor, and Turbidity sensor in each node. And data is stored to red tide database through Ad-hoc network. This data is integrated and analyzed. So, forecast red tide. And red tide database has red tide data that happen at past. This is utilized to comparative analysis data for red tide estimate. Main screen displays position of node and measured value in electron map. Much studies must be backed for this a study. But I think that contribute to analyze red tide data by red tide database construction.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.12A no.4 s.94
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• pp.327-332
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• 2005

In the field of computer graphics, we have several research results to display the ocean waves on the screen, while we still not have a complete solution yet. Though ocean waves are constructed from a variety of sources, the dominant one is the surface gravity wave, which is generated by the gravity and the wind. In this Paper, we Present a real-time surface gravity wave simulation method, derived from a precise ocean wave model in the oceanography. There are research results based on the Pierson-Moskowitz(PM) model[1], which assumes infinite depth of water and thus shows some mismatches in the case of shallow seas. In this paper, we started from the Texel, Marsen and Arsloe(TMA) model[2], which is a more precise wave model and thus can be used to display more realistic ocean waves. We derived its implementation model for the graphics applications and our prototype implementation shows about 30 frames per second on the Intel Pentium 4 1.6GHz-based personal computer. Our major contributions to the computer graphics area ill be (1) providing more user-controllable parameters to finally generate various wave shapes and (2) the improvement on the expression power of waves even in the shallow seas.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.328-333
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• 2014

Folate is a water-soluble vitamin B that is required for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleic acids. It plays an important role in cell division and cell growth in several living organisms. The purpose of this study was to screen strong folate-synthesizing bacteria and to optimize their culture conditions for folate production. Folate production was quantified by microbiological assays by using folate-dependent strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus KCTC 3237. Folate derivatives were identified by LC-MS/MS. Of the 65 strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli tested, L. plantarum Fol 708 demonstrated the greatest ability to produce folate. Its optimal pH for folate production was 5.5 in a pH-controlled, lab-scale fermenter. Coculturing L. plantarum Fol 708 with L. brevis GABA 100 in a milk medium enhanced the level of folate produced in comparison to culturing L. plantarum Fol 708 alone.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.55-69
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• 2011

Use of disposer at the kitchens of Korean apartments is inevitable in treating their foodwaste having a water content of more than 80%. Also we have to ensure that this extra disposer-foodwaste BOD loadings be treated properly by installing/operating a pre-treatment system before this wastewater enters public sewer system. However, the degree of BOD removal should not be excessive since a BOD/N ratio higher than 5 is required for removing N/P at a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The removal of BOD/N in the pretreatment system rather than BOD alone can be an alternative solution in solving this problem. The particles separated by sedimentation, screen or packed-bed can be anaerobically digested at apartment sites to generate biogas that can be used for simple digester heating and to generate volatile fatty acids (VFAs) for nitrogen removal. We suggest that Korean government grants a temporary license (say for 5 years) to foodwaste treatment companies in collaboration with apartment construction companies which may do business and develop various kinds of disposer-foodwaste treatment systems in diverse wastewater discharge systems of Korean apartments.