• 멤브레인
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 1999

반도체 산업의 wafer 가공공정에서 발생하는 폐수를 재활용하고자 한외여과 공정을 이용한 막분리 공정의 도입 가능성을 검토하였다. Pilot 규모의 장치에 분획분자량이 각각 10,000, 20.000, 30,000인 한외여과막 모듈을 이용하여 투과유속 및 제거율 등을 측정하였다. 투과수의 성상은 SDI15, 탁도, 전기전도도, 실리콘 농도분석을 통해 공정수로 재이용이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 투과유속 저하를 막기 위한 역세척 방법으로는 압축공기와 물은 sweeping 하는 방법이 가장 효과적이었고, 이때 투과유속의 회복율이 높게 나타났다. 분획분자량 30,000인 한외여과막에서 가장 높은 투과유속을 나타내었다. 또한 폐수의 평균 실리콘 입자 평균 함량은 3.8-5.6mg/$\ell$이고, 투과수의 실리콘 입자 함량은 0.2${\mu}g$/$\ell$이하로 나타나 제거율은약 96%이상으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2000

A feasibility study was performed to examine the agronomic application of treated sewage on paddy rice culture by field experiment for two consecutive years. The domestic sewage was treated by the constructed wetland system which was in subsurface flow type and consisted of sand and macrophyte. The effluent of the wetland system was used for irrigation water. The effluent was diluted to maintain the total nitrogen concentration below $26mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in the first year and used without dilution in the second year experiment. Growth components and yields were compared against the CONTROL plot where conventional method was applied. And also, soil characteristics of the plots before and after reclaimed sewage irrigation were analyzed. Generally, addition of the treated sewage to the irrigation water showed no adverse effects on paddy rice culture, and even enhancement was noticed in both growth and yield. Irrigation of treated sewage after concentration adjusted with conventional fertilization showed the better result, and the yield exceeded that of CONTROL case where clean water was irrigated. Soil characteristics changed after irrigation, and significant EC increasing was observed for the reclaimed sewage irrigation plots. From this study, it appears that reuse of treated sewage, as supplemental irrigation water could be a feasible and practical alternative. For full-scale application, further study is recommended on the specific guideline of major water quality components in treated sewage for irrigation and public health.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2007

A submerged flat-sheet membrane separation system integrated with PAC (powdered activated carbon) was used in this research in order to investigate the effects of PAC on the efficiencies of operation and treatment and to evaluate the performance of the system. The experiments were carried out under operating conditions of a filtration rate of 0.38 m/d, water temperature of $20-28^{\circ}C$, and PAC dose of 0 g/L (Run-A) and 20 g/L (Run-B). The influent concentrations of TOC (total organic carbon), $NH_4{^+}-N$ (ammonia nitrogen) and $UV_{254}$ (UV absorbance at 254 nm) were 2.48 mg/L, 1.4 mg/L and 2.53 1/m, respectively. TOC removal of 43.2 and 73.6%, ammonia nitrogen removal of 4.9 and 15.9%, and $UV_{254}$ removal of 20.6 and 31.6% were obtained for Run-A and Run-B, respectively. During an experimental period of 33 days, no change was found in TMP (Run-B), but the TMP in Run-A increased by 5 kPa after 29 days. This research showed that the filtrate quality and the performance efficiency were enhanced when PAC was introduced into the filtration system.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.645-654
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 국내 외 미량오염물질의 관리현황을 분석하고, 기후변화 등 수질관리에 영향을 주는 잠재적인 요소를 고려한 미량오염물질의 관리방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 국내에서는 먹는 물 안전성 확보를 위해 수돗물 정수 및 원수를 대상으로 미량오염물질에 대한 실태조사가 꾸준히 진행되었다. 근래에 들어 하천 호소수 중의 미량오염물질에 대해서도 조사가 진행되고 있으나 조사 항목과 횟수가 많지 않아 전체적인 미량오염물질 발생 및 검출 현황을 파악하기에는 어려움이 있었다. 선진국에서는 미량오염물질의 실태조사 외에도 환경 매체에서의 거동, 인체 및 생태위해성, 처리공정 등에 미량오염물질 관리 전반에 대한 연구가 수행되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 기후변화에 따른 기온과 수온의 상승, 수문학적인 순환의 변화 등으로 미량오염물질의 잔류 농도가 증가할 우려가 있다. 또한 물 재이용이 확대되는 과정에서 미량오염물질에 대한 우려가 커질 수 있다. 그러므로 먹는 물 또는 신체와 접촉하는 용도의 용수에 대해서는 사전예방의 관점에서 미량오염물질의 관리를 강화하는 것이 필요하다. 지표수 중의 미량오염물질에 대해서는, 물환경 정책목표 중의 하나인 생태 위해성 관리의 관점에서, 물질의 거동, 생태 위해성 평가, 하 폐수처리공정에서의 제어방안 등에 대한 연구가 확대되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2000

The use of photo-catalytic processes in pollution abatement and resource has a significant economic importance. Therefore, the applications of photochemical oxidation of secondary effluent driven by UV, TiO2, TiO2/UV, H2O2/UV and TiO2/H2O2/UV, have been investigated in order to treat the secondary effluent from municipal sewage. Various experimental parameters such as BOD, CODcr, Nurbidity, total P, and SPC were examined in each photo-catalytic reaction system. The results showed that the application of single oxidant such as UV, TiO2 only has a minor effect on parameters reduction (CODcr, BOD, etc) to treat the secondary effluent, whereas the combinations of oxidants increase the removal efficiency. The best removal efficiency in every parameters was achieved by the combination of TiO2, H2O2 and UV. It was also found that the optimum amount of TiO2 for the treatment was 1g/ι to achieve water reuse standard. From the results, the photocatalytic reaction system can be an alternative as a post-treatment to treat the secondary effluent from municipal sewage.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 베타글루칸 생산공정에서 발생하는 공정수에 대한 M/F(micro filtration) 분리막 시스템의 효용성을 검토하였다. M/F 시스템의 운전을 위하여 M/F 분리막은 Millipore(USA)사의 Pellicon 2 Cassette Filter Module HVMP $0.45{\mu}m$를 사용하였다. 플럭스는 운전압력의 상승에 따라서는 증가하며, 운전시간의 경과에 따라서는 감소하였다. 농축비가 높을수록 농축액에 남아있는 베타글루칸 제품의 회수가 효과적이었다. 베타글루칸 발효액의 재이용시 투과액의 전환수율이 42.5%로 배양 패턴에 큰 변화가 없었다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 토대로 청정생산공정에서 투과액을 반응공정수로 재이용 가능하리라 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1109-1123
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• 2020

In this study, the amount of harmful fungi and bacteria contained in the drainage and culture medium from the paprika hydroponic facility is identified. In addition, by proposing the necessity of effective purification of discharged drainage, this study attempted to confirm the possibility of drainage reuse. Finally, this study provides basic data on the basis for calculating the need for purification facilities in the future, as well as improvements in horticulture facility for sustainable agriculture. As a result of the analysis, a total of 12 types of fungi were detected in paprika medium and 10 types of fungi were detected in the drainage, and their densities were 130 and 68, respectively. Among the fungi detected in the media and drainage of the paprika hydroponic facility, the fungi with the highest detection frequency are Fusarium, Phytophthora, and Pythium. In the case of bacteria, a total of 2 types of bacteria were detected in the paprika facilities, and the density was 28 and 23, respectively. Therefore, in order to reuse the drainage and settle the circulating hydroponic cultivation system, a water treatment process capable of appropriate treatment is required.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.393-396
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• 2002

The objectives of the paper are to develop the infra-technologies for reclaiming the effluents from wastewater treatment plants and reusing for agriculture water. The Suwon wastewater treatment plant has been selected for wastewater reuse tests and the water quality and treatment efficiencies are investigated. Three levels of wastewater treatments that are the effluent from the plant, sand filtering, and ultra-violet treatment are applied in the pilot system. The randomized block method was applied to wastewater application to paddy rice with five treatments, three blocks, and two replica. The control was the plots with groundwater irrigation, the other treatments are to use polluted stream flow by pumping, in addition to three wastewater treatments. The block test plots and field plots have been monitored for the water quality, soil pollution, and health hazards during the crop stages.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.1629-1639
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• 2009

본 논문은 지하철 역사의 쾌적한 환경 유지를 위한 USN 기반의 환경 모니터링 시스템에 관한 내용을 수록하고 있다. 개발된 시스템은 통합 센서 장비 기반의 센서 필드, 측정된 센서 장비의 데이터를 수집, 분석, 저장하는 미들웨어, 수집된 데이터를 사용자에게 서비스하는 로컬 및 웹 기반 모니터링 시스템으로 구성되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 환경 측정을 위해 온/습도, 미세먼지 센서와 선로의 청결 유지 관리를 위한 물탱크의 수위 레벨 센서를 기본적인 실험환경으로 구성하였고, 기존 설치된 센서와의 연동을 위한 4~20mA의 아날로그 센서와 지그비(Zigbee) 기반 센서 네트워크 장비인 Telos-b를 연동한 장치로 구성하여 현장에 기 구축된 센서의 재사용이 가능하도록 하였다. 미들웨어는 멀티 홉 센서 네트워크를 통한 데이터 수집과, 수집된 데이터를 분석, 저장하는 기능을 내장하였고, 모니터링 시스템은 상황실을 위한 로컬 모니터링과 원격지에서의 웹 기반 모니터링을 지원한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 미들웨어와 모니터링 시스템은 컴포넌트 형태로 구성되어 개발된 센서의 종류가 변경되거나 응용 프로그램의 목적이 변경되어도 재사용할 수 있는 장점을 가진다. 개발된 시스템은 기존의 PLC 기반의 시스템과 비교하였을 때, 센서 장치의 이동성과 시스템의 분산 환경을 지원하고 미들웨어에서 지원하는 데이터 수집 및 관리 기능은 각종 통계자료로 활용이 가능하다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.65-84
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• 1993

This study reviewed the current status and problems of sewerage system in Korea and then proposed possible methods to correct the problems. Also, evaluation of future development in sewerage system is included. It can be summarized as follows : 1. Investment in sewerage system is relatively low . 0.23% of GNP, Considering that the investment portion is 0.35% in OECD and 0.63% in Japan, it should be increased further. 2. The reasons wily the investment in sewerage system is low can be ' (1) Low priority is given to the investment in sewerage system. Local government builds and operates its own wastewater treatment plant. Local government as well as residents prefer to invest their money in roadwork, housing and parks to in wastewater treatment facilities because of greater investment effects. (2) Besides capital investment, more maintenance cost is needed for sewerage system. Proper operation of wastewater treatment facilities requires a well-trained operator. Because of public conception that operation of wastewater treatment facility is a dirty job, it is difficult to find a well-trained operator. (3) It is difficult to estimate the effect of sewerage system (4) Cost required to build and maintain wastewater treatment facility should be paid by people, who benefit from the facility. People to benefit are sometimes different from people to pay. 3. Advanced treatment is necessary to protect the bay aura and raw water source as well as to prevent eutrophication of lakes and ponds. 4. Wastewater treatment facility were mainly build in big cities during the decade of 1980. Followings should be solved first to expand the facilities. (1) Rapid repair and construction of sewer. (2) Technical development of wastewater treatment . Prevention of efficient and economical wastewater . Development of efficient and economical wastewater treatment techniques . Development of high-efficiency treatment using bioreactor . Reuse of wastewater treatment plant effluent (3) Sludge treatment and disposal . Composting of sludge cakes . Development of techniques to reduce the volume of sludge cake : incineration and reuse of sludge ash and slag. (4) Utilization of wastewater treatment facilities . Construction of community parks or sports families(ie, on the tops of the covered aeration tanks and sedimention tanks) Construction of wastewater treatment facilities under ground and of parking facilities and community parks above ground. (5) Education of wastewater treatment personal.