• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

In this study, the water resistance and mechanical properties of heat-treated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films were investigated. PVA is the most commonly used synthetic biodegradable polymers owing to its excellent properties. However, the water/moisture sensitivity and relatively poor mechanical properties of PVA limits its applications. Although heat treatment is a conventionally used method to improve the mechanical strength and water resistance of PVA, the effectiveness of this method is insufficient. Therefore, CNC was used to further improve the mechanical properties and water resistance of the heat-treated PVA film. PVA/CNC nanocomposites containing CNC contents of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt% were fabricated using solvent casting and subsequent heat treatment. The mechanical properties and water resistance of PVA/CNC films were significantly improved. The tensile strength and wet strength of the PVA/CNC film with a CNC content of 5 wt% (PVA/CNC 5%) were 184.5% and 136.0% higher than those of the untreated PVA, respectively. In addition, the water absorption and solubility of PVA/CNC 5% were 56.6% and 68.2% lower than those of the untreated PVA.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2015

The pulp mold attract the increasing concern as recyclable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly packaging materials. In order to broaden the applicability of the pulp mold as substitutes of the expanded styrofoam, the properties of various raw materials for the pulp mold were evaluated and the way for improving water resistance properties of the pulp mold were also tested by applying some additives. The higher value in the fines contents and in the water retention value were shown for the TMP (thermomechanical pulp), which resulted in the bulkier pulp mold with the higher moisture absorption property. In case of water resistance properties, the pulp mold made of white ledger stock showed the higher value in water contact angle and very slow water absorption rate. The addition of oil palm EFB fiber showed the improvement in the water resistance of the pulp mold made of UBKP. The effects of various additives on the improvement in the water resistance properties of the pulp mold were tested by using AKD, PVAm, epoxy resin. The application of AKD leaded to the higher increase in the water resistance. The results in this study showed the effects of AKD for the pulp mold could be improved and optimized by the application with fixing agent and by the ageing treatment after production.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2014

In this study, two types of water-soluble sulfur, LSA and LSB, were developed and the influence of the water-soluble sulfur on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete were experimentally evaluated. In order to evaluate mechanical properties and carbonation resistance of concrete with water-soluble sulfur, compressive strength test, flexural strength test, bonding strength test, and carbonation resistance test were performed. Compressive strength of only concrete with 1% LSA was increased while that of concrete with LSB was proportionally increased with the higher LSB dosage. On the other hand, flexural strength of concrete with LSA and LSB was increased by 12-41% and 36-74%, respectively. Carbonation resistance of concrete with water-soluble sulfur were increased by 25-66%. As a result, it should be noted that the water-soluble sulfur can not only solve the demerit of sulfur concrete but also offer the durability of sulfur concrete.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2005

In order to improve resistant properties of water-borne acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives(PSAs) for automobiles, this study was carried out. Removable PSAs for automobiles were synthesized by emulsion polymerization of monomers, n-butyl acrylate(BA), n-butyl methacrylate(BMA), acrylonitrile(AN), acrylic acid(AA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(2-HEMA), and AA and 2-HEMA could act as functional monomers for crosslink. Emulsion polymerization was carried out in a semi-batch type reactor. Water resistance, heat resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance and smoke resistance were examined. As a result, water resistance increased with the amount of BMA, however, the effect of BMA content on the water resistance was insignificant at a range of over 14 wt%. The water resistance also increased with the amount of functional monomers, AA and 2-HEMA. The prepared PSAs satisfied all the standard for automobiles except heat resistance. However, the heat resistance comes nearly up to the standard. Also, acid resistance, alkali resistance and smoke resistance of the prepared PSAs satisfied with the standard.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 EVA 에멀젼에 내수성 및 기계적 특성을 향상시키기 위하여 금속 이온 가교제인 calcium hydroxide 및 magnesium carbonate를 사용하여 이온성 가교결합을 도입하였다. EVA 에멀젼 필름의 가교밀도, 열적특성, 표면자유에너지 그리고 인장강도, 파단신율 및 인열강도 특성을 고찰하였다. 금속 이온 가교제 양이 증가함에 따라 EVA 에멀젼의 가교밀도는 증가하였고, 이에 내수성과 $T_g$ 값도 증가하였다. 그러나 EVA 에멀젼 필름의 표면에너지 및 기계적 특성들은 다소 다른 거동을 보였다. Calcium hydroxide 0.4% 그리고 magnesium carbonate 0.5%를 첨가한 경우가 EVA 에멀젼에 강한 이온성 가교결합이 형성되어 가장 높은 표면 자유에너지 값과 인장강도 및 인열강도를 보였다. 그러므로 본 연구에서 calcium hydroxide 및 magnesium carbonate와 같은 금속 이온 가교제가 EVA 에멀젼의 내수성과 기계적 물성을 향상시킴을 확인하였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2019

Portland cement pervious concrete has been expected to have good water permeability, mechanical properties and abrasion resistance at the same time when Portland cement pervious concrete is applied to the actual vehicle pavement. In this study, the coarse aggregate and cement were replaced by the fine aggregate and the silica fume to improve actual road performance Portland cement pervious concrete. The Mechanical properties, the water permeability and the abrasion resistance of Portland cement pervious concrete were investigated. The results show that the compressive strength, the flexural strength and the abrasion resistance are increased when the fine aggregate and the silica fume are added to Portland cement pervious concrete separately. However, the porosity and the water permeability are decreased simultaneously. With assistance of silica fume and fine aggregate simultaneously, Portland cement pervious concrete could achieve a higher strength. The compressive strength, the flexural strength and the abrasion resistance of Portland cement pervious concrete mixed with 5% fine aggregates and 8% silica fume are increased by 93.1%, 65% and 65.2%, respectively. The porosity and the water permeability are decreased by 22.4% and 85% when Portland cement pervious concrete is mixed with 5% fine aggregate and 8% silica fume. Therefore, the replacement ratio of the fine aggregates and the silica fume should be considered comprehensively and determined on the premise of ensuring the water permeability coefficient.

• Composites Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2017

아교는 수용성을 띄는 접착제로, 이 특징에 의해 물에 약하다는 단점에도 불구하고 전통적인 고가구에 많이 사용되어 왔다. 이러한 단점을 개선하기 위하여 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 탄소나노튜브를 도입에 따른 아교의 계면특성 및 열적특성 그리고 방수특성 개선에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 탄소나노튜브의 비율이 증가함에 따라 아교를 이용하여 접착한 돌침대용 목재 샌드위치 판 상부의 실시간 온도측정을 진행하였다. 나무와 아교접착제 간의 계면특성의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 랩 전단 실험을 실시하였고, 습도가 높아짐에 따라 물성이 약해지는 아교의 단점을 개선하기 위하여 탄소나노튜브를 도입에 따른 아교의 방수특성이 개선되는지 대한 실험을 진행하였다. 랩 전단시편을 물에 담근 후 랩 전단 실험을 진행하여 기존의 결과와 비교하여 차이가 얼마나 나는지 비교하였다. 이를 증명하기 위하여 물과의 정적 접촉각을 이용해 탄소나노튜브의 함량에 따른 아교접착제의 소수성 정도를 비교하였다. 실험결과 아교 접착제에 탄소나노튜브를 도입으로 계면특성, 열적특성 및 방수특성이 개선되었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2017

In order to improve the water resistance, we synthesized waterborne polyurethane by using polyester polyol, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate ($H_{12}MDI$), and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA). The properties of the synthesized waterborne polyurethane using poly(propylene carbonate) (WPUP) were evaluated by FT-IR, $^1H-NMR$, GPC, DSC, TGA, and UTM. The mechanical properties increased while the adhesion properties decreased with the increase in the amount of PPC. The highest water resistance was shown when the ratio of polyester polyol to PPC was 9:1.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제22권A호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2002

Latex modified concrete is governed by both cement hydration and polymer film formation processes in its binder phase. Such the reactions are expected to improve the polymer-cement co-matrixes themselves and the bond between the cement hydrates and aggregates, and to improve the properties of hardened latex-modified concrete. The purpose of this study was to study the strength and chemical resistance of Rapid-setting latex modified concrete(RSLMC) with the main experimental variables such as latex content(0, 5, 10, 15, 20%) and water-cement ratio(36, 38, 40%) at latex content 15%. Water absorption test was earned out to estimate water permeability resistance. Chemical resistance test was carried out to measure the weight change and to observe the appearance of RSLMC immersion in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and calcium choloride.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2018

The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of particle pre-treatment on physical, mechanical, and durability of jatropha fruit hulls (JFH) particleboard. The pre-treatments included were immersing in cold water, hot water, and acetic acid solution. After each treatment, the particles were dried up to 3% moisture content. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was used to fabricate particleboards with board size, thickness and density target of 25 cm by 25 cm, 0.80 cm, and $0.70g/cm^3$, respectively. Board pressed at $130^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, and $25kg/cm^2$ pressure. The evaluation of particleboard followed the JIS A 5908-2003. Whilist their resistance to subterranean termite test (mass loss, mortality, antifeedant value and feeding rate) refers to the Indonesian standard (SNI 01.7207-2006). The physical and mechanical properties of particleboards showed that all pre-treatments decreased the pH of particles. Overall, all particle immersing treatments resulted of better physical and mechanical properties of particleboard than those of untreated ones. The acetic acid treatment resulted the best physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Based on the mass loss of JFH particleboard, hot water and acetic acid treated particleboards were classified into weak resistance to subterranean attack. The other two treatments were classified into very weak resistance. Hot water treated particleboard provided the highest mortality and antifeedant as much as 87.40% and 34.20%, respectively. Based on antifeedant classification, hot water treated particleboards were classified into moderately strong resistance, while other treatments were categorized into weak resistance. The lowest feeding rate value ($45.30{\mu}g/termite/day$) was attained by hot water treatment.