• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find the variation of sedimentation patterns after Saemangeum reclamation. Residual flow after Saemangeum reclamation was calculated prognostically from the observed water temperature and salinity data in May 1992 by the Marine Development Institute of Gunsan National University and wind data which were obtained from spring 1969 through winter 1977 by the Kunsan Meteorological Observatory. Three dimensional movements of injected particles due to currents, turbulence and sinking velocity are tracked by the Euler-Lagrange method. When suspended sediments with the size of soil grain of 30 ㎛ are injected in the Sinsi drainage sluice, their dispersion range of sediment is around Gogunsan islands. When suspended sediments with the size of soil grain of 200 ㎛ are injected in the Garyeok drainage sluice, their dispersion range of sediment was around the Garyeok drainage sluice and Byeonsan coastal area.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1995년도 추계학술발표회논문집(1)
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• pp.315-320
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• 1995

The CHF phenomenon has been investigated for water flow under forced and natural circulation modes with vertical round tubes at low pressure and low flow condition. Experiments have been performed by using three different test sections for mass fluxes below 400 kg/㎡s under near atmospheric pressure. The experimental data for forced and natural circulation are compared with each other. To predict the flow rate at the two-phase region our test condition has been analyzed by RELAP5/MOD3 because the local two-phase condition inside the stainless steel tube cannot be directly measured. To predict the CHF with accuracy we have to consider the parameters at the single-phase region as well as the flow behavior at the two-phase region.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.204-214
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• 1996

본 연구의 목적은 새만금해역에서 방조제 축조에 따른 토사의 이동형태변화와 토사 확산을 알아보는 데 있다. 유동은 조석잔차류와 관측된 바람, 수온, 염분자료를 이용하여 계산되었다. 유동에 의한 토입자의 3차원적 거동은 Euler-Lagrange 방법으로 추적하였다. 방조제 축조에 따른 토사확산 및 이동 형태는 금강 하구 남쪽에서 고군산군도 북쪽에 대부분의 토사를 퇴적시켰다. 이것은 잔차류의 영향으로 판단된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.553-558
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• 2010

Nutrient and Blood are really common conceptions in Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM). However, those are used in mixed. not only because of their common points but users who doesn't have clear classifications between them. Therefore, I will explain those owns by explaining origins, places of origons, pathway, circulations, organs related to them and color. In addition, I will try to explain thi things in common without conceptions of their own. As a result, the first, nutrient is what is originated from water and food at middle energizer and circulated in meridian vessel by control of spleen. The second, blood is what is originated from qi of water and food and circulated in blood vessel by control of heart and its color is red. The third, nutrient blood is what is originated from water and food or qi of water and food and circulated in meridian or blood vessel by control of spleen and heart. Also it is red and its function is nourishing human body. The name of Nutrient blood is a new term that I made and it is different from nutrient or blood. Also it is different from nutrient and blood. Nutrient blood is combination by conceptions, nutrient and blood is combination by word itself.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.226-244
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• 1998

한국 남해 멸치 자원의 변동이 남해의 해황 구조와 변화에 어떻게 지배되는지를 규명하기 위해 하계 (8월)와 추계 (11월)에 대마난류계수의 연안 유입 현상과 멸치난$\cdot$자어의 분포 그리고 난수의 연안 유입에 따른 해역의 생물 생산 환경을 조사하였다. 그 결과 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 하계 연안수과 대마난류계수 사이는 수온, 염분, 투명도의 수평경도가 큰 전선이 형성되고 전선역은 흐름의 shear가 크다. 멸치 난$\cdot$자어는 전선을 경계로 연안역이 외해 보다 출현 개체수가 많고 전선에 다량 분포한다. 외해의 난수역은 발생 초기의 멸치 난이 많고, 연안과 전선에서 파급된 warm streamer 역에 전, 후기 자어의 출현이 많다. warm streamer는 대마난류의 세력이 강해져 난류의 주축이 연안으로 접근하는 한계에 주로 나타나며, 고흥 반도가소리도 그리고 욕지도 서쪽에서 반시계 방향으로 연안을 향해 유입된다. warm streamer가 유입되는 연안해역은 반시계 방향의 표층 순환류 (좌선환류)가 형성된다. 난류 접안과 warm streamer의 연안 유입으로 거문도, 소리도, 거제도 주변은 표층의 wake와 저층수의 용승현상이 나타나 용존산소, 부유물질, 영양염의 농도가 크고, warm streamer가 좌선환류를 형성하면서 거문도, 소리도 주변의 연안수가 환류역내로 유입된다. 하계 한국 남해 연안에 산란된 멸치 난$\cdot$자어는 흐름의 수렴역인 대마난류계수와 연안수 사이의 전선에 수렴되어 전선에서 연안으로 파급되는 warm streamer에 의해 연안으로 수송된다. 이때 전선 내측의 연안역은 생물생산력이 크고, 클로로필 및 식물 플랑크톤의 양이 외해의 난수역보다 많아 멸치 자어의 성육에 적합한 환경이 된다 (Fig. 16 Case August). 그러나 멸치 자어의 먹이인 Copepod 양은 난수역이 많아 멸치가 성장함에 따라 연안에서 외해로 이동하게 된다. 추계는 청산도$\~$소리도에 남해 연안수가 형성되고 대마난류계수가 남해 연안에서 점차 멀어짐에 따라 연안수와 대마난류계수 사이에 온도차가 큰 전선이 형성된다. 멸치 난$\cdot$자어의 출현은 연안에서 산란이 거의 일어나지 않고 해역내 표층류가 전반적으로 이안, 동류 함에 따라 매우 낮다. 고흥반도 남쪽과 소리도$\~$욕지도 사이는 하계와 같은 warm streamer는 존재하지 않고, 욕지도 남쪽에 연안수 확장에 따른 보류 혹은 약화된 warm strea-mer의 형태로 소형 warm eddy가 출현한다 (Fig. 16 Case November) 소리도 서쪽의 남해 연안수역은 부유물질, 영양염, 클로로필의 농도가 동쪽의 소리도$\~$거제도 연안에 비해 높다. 소리도$\~$욕지도 연안은 warm streamer 유입에 의한 좌선환류의 약화로 하계와 같은 높은 염양염 농도역은 없으나, 욕지도 남쪽 warm eddy 역 주변에 농도가 높다. 식물 플랑크톤의 양은 하계보다 작으나 Copepod 개체수는 증가 해, 멸치 자어의 초기 생잔에 필요한 먹이 조건은 양호하다. 그러나 산란과 난$\cdot$자어의 연안 수송이 거의 이루어지지 않아 멸치 어장은 대마난류계수가 연안과 가까운 거제도와 대마도 주변으로 이동된다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2016

Stable water vapor isotopes have been utilized as a tracer for studying atmospheric global circulations, climate change and paleoclimate with ice cores. Recently, since laser spectroscopy has been available, water vapor isotopes can be measured more precisely and continuously. Studies of water vapor isotopes have been conducted over the world, but it is the early stage in south Korea. For vapor isotopes study, a cryogenic sampling device for water vapor isotopes has been developed. The cryogenic sampling device consists of the dewar bottle, filled with extremely low temperature material and impinger connected with a vacuum pump. Impinger stays put in the dewar bottle to change the water vapor which passes through the inside of impinger into the solid phase as ice. The fact that water vapor has not sampled completely leads to isotopic fractionation in the impinger. To minimize the isotopic fractionation during sampling water vapor, we have tested the method using a serial connection with two sets of impinger device in the laboratory. We trapped 98.02% of water vapor in the first trap and the isotopic difference of the trapped water vapor between two impinger were about 20‰ and 6‰ for hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. Considering the amount of water vapor trapped in each impinger, the isotopic differences for hydrogen and oxygen were 0.33‰ and 0.06‰, respectively, which is significantly smaller than the precision of isotopic measurements. This work can conclude that there is no significant fractionation during water vapor trapping.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.62-74
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find the variation of sedimentation patterns before Saemangeum reclamation. Residual flow before Saemangeum reclamation was calculated diagnostically from the observed water temperature and salinity data in May 1992 by the Marine Development Institute of Kunsan National University and wind data which were obtained from spring 1969 through winter 1977 by the Gunsan Meteorological Observatory. Three dimensional movements of injected particles due to currents, turbulence and sinking velocity are tracked by the Euler-Lagrange method. Calculated sedimentation patterns of riverine materials are highly similar to the observed ones. When suspended sediments with the size of soil grain of 60 ${\mu}m$ are injected from the Mangyeong River, their dispersion range of sediment is about 25km for 24 hours after the injection, while about 35km for 72 hours after the injection. When suspended sediments with the size of soil grain of 200 ${\mu}m$ are injected, their dispersion range of sediment is about 18km for 24 hours after the injection, while about 21km for 72 hours after the injection.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제2호
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• pp.130-139
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• 2004

Shiwha Lake is an excellent example of a body of water restored from a state of heavy pollution to a cleaner and more ecological state. This paper will explore techniques and methods available to landscape planning for the creation of new migratory birds habitats in Shiwha Lake. Because Shiwha lake is located adjacent to a new industrial site on reclaimed land, any planning effort aimed at restoring bird habitats must carefully consider the existing context. This plan had 3 goals; (1) to restore the coastal environment, (2) to create a habitat for migratory birds, and (3) to administer environmental education programs. To achieve these goals, several objectives were determined and planning criteria were proposed for topology, water environment(fresh, brackish and salt water swamps), zoning(for experts and general visitors), circulations, planting and mounding. The flora and fauna of the site was surveyed, and 5 alternatives were suggested and compared in several aspects. Planting species were carefully selected considering target birds and habitat requirements. In order to increase bio-diversity of the site, the plan proposed multi-staired mounds and extensive drainage systems. Bird watching facilities with natural materials, and the remote observing system using CCTV and the internet were some of the ecological techniques recommended by the plan. The bird watching trails are divided into two different zones for experts and general visitors.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

The complexity of the papermaking system accelerates interactions between a large number of variables involved. The process operation, therefore, is subject to frequent perturbations by disturbance. Dynamic modelling is a useful tool for characterizing the transient behavior and selecting the best control strategies to reject disturbances. In this study we developed a dynamic simulation model of a fine paper production process, which consists of stock preparation, wire sections, white water circulations, and broke system. It focused on dynamic simulation in its role for developing control strategies and studying control loop dynamics related to filler loading for ash control. The results emphasized the importance of filler-loading position and length of control loop for rapid ash control and process stabilization.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2001

An ichthyofauna analysis of the East Sea using quantitative investigation procedures for latitudinal variations of the species richness and clustering of the species list is presented to illustrate the application of the adopted geographical scaling (less than 1:10,000,000) which provides a principal opportunity for common benthic and pelagic biogeographical zonation. The distribution of both pelagic and benthic marine fish biota at a scale of biosphere (or its major sections) was highly influenced by spatial nonuniformity of hydrological structure associated with the various water circulations and frontal zones. Following zoogeographical zonations were established for the East Sea: Osaka, East Korea, Primorye, North Primorye, Northern East Sea, Uetsu, Tsugaru, Soya and West Sakhalin.