• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.430-435
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• 2008

To maximize the obtained polysaccharides from Phellinus linteus mycelia, effects of extraction and purification conditions including dialysis time (8, 16, 24, 48 h) on an amount of the polysaccharides were investigated. As extraction temperature ($50{\sim}95^{\circ}C$), ratio of solvent volume to the dry weight of mycelia (10, 15, 20, 25 ml/g), extraction time(2, 4, 6, 8 h), final concentration of ethanol (70, 75, 80, 85%), and aging time (1, 4, 8, 16 h) increased, an amount of the polysaccharides was increased. An increase in precipitation time up to 24 h increased an amount of the polysaccharides but a further increase in precipitation time after 24 h did not changed largely an amount of the polysaccharides. Three precipitation solvents (ethanol, methanol, acetone) were tested. An amount of the polysaccharides was increased in order to acetone, ethanol, and methanol. On the optimal extraction condition, extraction temperature, ratio of water volume to the dry weight of mycelia, and extraction time were $95^{\circ}C$, 25 ml/g, and 8 h, respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.718-726
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological activities of Aronia melanocarpa extracts on extraction solvents (through hot water extraction, 50% ethanol extraction, and 50% methanol extraction). The yield of 50% ethanol extract, 84.50%, was higher than that of the hot water extract (84.05%) and of the 50% methanol extract (76.20%). The total sugar content of the extraction solvent, 35.56~37.68 g/100 g, did not significantly differ. The total anthocyanin content of the 50% methanol extract, 395.10 mg/100 g, was higher than of 50% ethanol extract (318.61 mg/100 g) and of the hot water extract (252.82 mg/100 g). The anthocyanin composition of the cyanidin-3-galactoside, 364.65 mg/100 g, was higher than that of the cyanidin-3-arabinoside (163.06 mg/100 g) and of the cyanidin-3-glucoside (35.69 mg/100 g) in the 50% methanol extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of the 50% ethanol and the 50% methanol extracts at $100-1,000{\mu}g/mL$ were 7.96-70.01%, and 8.90-69.21%, respectively. The superoxide radical scavenging activities of all the extracts improved with an increase in the treatment concentration. The FRAP of the 50% ethanol extract and the 50% methanol extract at $100-1,000{\mu}g/mL$ were $57.14-817.87{\mu}M$ and $67.32-812.78{\mu}M$, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the 50% ethanol extract, 23.03-33.82% ($100-1,000{\mu}g/mL$), was higher than that of the other extracts. The cancer cell growth inhibition activity of the 50% ethanol extract (76.86% at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$) on HeLa cell line was significantly higher than of the hot water and of the 50% methanol extracts. There results suggest that the 50% ethanol extract from Aronia melanocarpa may be a useful for functional food material in the food industry.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.234-238
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• 2015

The separation of nitrogen heterocyclic compound (NHC) contained in a model coal tar fraction was compared by the methanol and formamide extraction. The model coal tar fraction comprising four kinds of NHC (NHCs : quinoline, iso-quinoline, indole, quinaldine) and three kinds of bicyclic aromatic compound (BACs : 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, dimethylnaphthalene), biphenyl and phenyl ether was used as a raw material. The aqueous solution of methanol and formamide were used as solvents. A batch-stirred tank was used as the raw material - a solvent contact unit of this work. Independent of the solvent used, the distribution coefficient of NHCs sharply increased by decreasing the initial volume ratio of water to the solvent and increasing the equilibrium operation temperature, whereas, the selectivity of NHCs in reference to BACs decreased. Decreasing the initial volume ratio of solvent to feed resulted in deteriorating distribution coefficients, but the selectivity of NHCs in reference to BAC was almost the constant. The distribution coefficient of NHCs by the methanol extraction was 3~5 times higher than that of NHCs by the formamide extraction, inversely, the selectivity of NHCs based on BACs by the formamide extraction was 3~7 times higher than that of NHCs by the methanol extraction. Furthermore, two different solvent extraction methods by adding the extraction processing speed to the balance between solvency and selectivity of NHCs were compared.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.434-438
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• 2009

For the development of a new antidementia functional food or alternative drug using agricultural products, Job's tears (Coix lachrymajobi L.), which shows high acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity (55.1%) was selected and the extraction conditions of AChE inhibitor were optimized. AChE inhibitor of Job's tears was maximally extracted when it was treated with 60% methanol at $40^{\circ}C$ for 6 h. The AChE inhibitor of the methanol extracts was partially purified by systematic solvent extraction, thin layer chromatography, silica gel chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC and the partial purified AChE inhibitor with inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$) of $0.608\;{\mu}g$ was obtained. The partial purified AChE inhibitor was soluble in methanol and hexane, and insoluble in water. Its maximum absorption spectra was 230 nm and also it was stable in the range of $30^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.0-8.0 for 1 h.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.180-186
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• 1991

A water soluble antifungal antibiotic, Solumycin, was separated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. LAM-593, isolated from soil, by butanol extraction, alumina-, 1st and 2nd Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The substance was pale yellow crystal which gave a single spot at Rf value 0.24 with ethanol-ammonia water-water (8:1:1), 0.46 with butanol-ethanol-water (5:1:4), 0.84 with 50% methanol on silica gel TLC. It was dissolved well in water, methanol and acidic aq. butanol but not in ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform. acetic acid etc., and gave positive Fehling and Molish reaction. The UV spectrum in methanol showed absorption at 342, 361, 380, and 404 nm. The antibiotic was active against fungi such as Candide, Cryptococcus, Saccharomyces, Trichophyton and Trichosporon, but not to bacteria such as Bacillus, Escherichia and Staphylococcus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.254-260
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• 2015

The effect of the extraction solvent on the physiological properties of the peel of the Korean pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Niitaka) was evaluated. The total phenol content was highest in the 80%(wt) methanol extract, whereas flavonoid content was highest in the 80% ethanol extract. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging abilities, and their reducing power. The water and 80% methanol extracts of the pear peel had highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and reducing power, respectively. The inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was highest in the 80% methanol extract, and alcohol dehydrogenase activity was highest in the water extract. All three extracts had similar antimicrobial activity. Because water, 80% ethanol, and 80% methanol extracts exhibited high activities in different assays of physiological properties, each solvent could be used for specific purposes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.937-941
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• 2005

The antioxidant and anticancer activities of Styela plicata extracts were evaluated. When extracts were prepared with fresh Styela plicata (FR), extraction yield was in the order of methanol > ethanol = acetone > water among treated solvents. However, the extraction order was methanol > water > ethanol > acetate in freeze dried Styela plicata (FD). Radical scavenging activity was the highest in acetone extracts $(37.39\%)$ from FR, while in ethanol extracts $(78.40\%)$ from FD. Reducing power of FR was the greatest in methanol extracts (1.076), and that of FD in ethanol extracts (1.360). The acetone extracts from FD showed significant anticancer activity when revealed with human colon cancer cell line HT-29. These results indicated that extraction yields and properties of extracts from Styela plicata were variable depending on solvent and/or physicochemical state, and appropriate extraction process could provide some valuable bioactive materials from Styela plicata.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2018

This Camptotheca acuminata Decne. (CA), belonging to Nyssaceae, is a deciduous tree. and has been used as Traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. The CA produces camptothecin a natural indole alkaloid, and reported to have anti-cancer effects. But the studies on biological activities of CA leaves are insufficient. Therefore, this study confirmed various biological activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiinflammatory and metabolism analysis by HPLC-MS/MS of CA leaves. The $RC_{50}$ values of DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction, n-Butanol fraction, methanol extraction, water fraction and n-Hexane fraction were $12.23{\pm}0.01$, $15.93{\pm}0.42$, $55.12{\pm}0.45$, $56.29{\pm}4.15$ and $427.29{\pm}6.13ug/mL$, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate fraction, n-Butanol fraction, methanol extraction, n-Hexane fraction and water fraction were $24.29{\pm}0.14$, $47.86{\pm}0.45$, $54.23{\pm}1.21$ $466.76{\pm}2.21$ and $623.91{\pm}9.67ug/mL$, respectively. The nitric oxide release activity of n-Hexane fraction, methanol extraction, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction and n-Butanol fraction were $31.49{\pm}5.74$, $29.79{\pm}0.71$, $26.89{\pm}0.71$, $8.24{\pm}5.83$ and $7.75{\pm}4.08%$ at 25 ug/mL, respectively. The anti-cancer activity of n-Hexane fraction, methanol extraction, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction and n-Butanol fraction were $31.49{\pm}5.74$, $29.79{\pm}0.71$, $26.89{\pm}0.71$, $8.24{\pm}5.83$ and $7.75{\pm}4.08%$ at 25 ug/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction activities showed higher biological activities than other fractions. Thus, Additional studies were conducted using ethyl acetate fraction. Metabolite analysis was performed using a LCMS-8040 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. As a result, Five compounds (1-5) were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction of the CA leave. The identification of these compounds was generated by the analysis of fragmentation methods of the negative and positive ion modes. Five compounds were identified as gallic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), isoquercetin (3), astragalin (4) and camptothecin (5). These results suggest that the CA leave can be used for functional materials.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.30-36
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• 1993

Wood chips of oak (Quercus mongolica) and larch (Larix leptolepis) were treated with a relatively low pressure steam(10~20 kg/$cm^2$) for 10~20 min (first-stage),and then increased pressure up to 30kg/$cm^2$ for 30 second (second-stage), and steam pressure was released intentionally to air. Main components of exploded wood were separated with 1% NaOH and hot water-methanol. In this work, the more effective low pressure explosion condition and separation method of wood main component were investigated. The results can be summarized as follows; 1. The yields of exploded wood were generally decreased with increasing steam pressure and reaction time. 2. The proper condition of steam explosion in low pressure for the separation of wood main components was 15kg/$cm^2$-10 min, in oak wood and 20kg/$cm^2$-10 min., then 30kg/$cm^2$-0.5 min, in larch wood. 3. The 23% of elude hemicellulose was obtained from the exploded oak wood which was treated with optimal condition. 4. In the case of hot water-methanol extraction, the ratio of delignification was 14~23% in the exploded larch wood and 42~55% in the exploded oak wood. 5. The methanol was more effective than 1% sodium hydroxide solution for extraction of lignin from exploded wood.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2016

This study explores the means by which MX can be effectively extracted from chlorinated water 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a potent mutagen commonly found in chlorinated drinking water at concentrations of up to a few hundred ng/L, was quantitatively determined using sample enrichment followed by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), derivatization to methylated form, and analysis with GC-MS. A 4-L water sample was enriched to a concentration of 0.4 L using a vacuum rotary evaporator at 30 ℃. MX in the water was extracted using ethyl acetate (100 mL × 2) as a solvent and MX in the extract was methylated with 10 % H₂SO₄ in methanol. MX was recovered at a rate of 73.8 %, which was higher than that (38.1 %) for the resin adsorption method. The limit of quantification and repeatability (as relative standard deviation) were estimated to be 10 ng/L and 2.2 %, respectively. This result suggested that LLE can be used for the determination of MX in chlorinated water as an alternative to more time-consuming resin adsorption method.