• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1999년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.3-6
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• 1999

Several chemical washing procedures were applied to Parathion and Diazinon contaminated soil. Batch and column tests were performed to determine the insecticides extraction efficiency as a function of pH. Washing efficiency of methanol is more higher than that of water and HCl when washed parathion and diazinon are. Those are completely miscible with most organic solvents. For parathion, release trend is increased as pH is increased because it is hydrolyzed easily at the condition of alkali. But diazinon shows reverse because diazinon is decomposed rapidly at the condition of acidic So, diazinon is more released than parathion is because this experiment is peformed in acidic and weak acidic conditions. Generally, parathion and diazinon are classified as having low mobility, so they can be easily controlled if the proper washing process are applied.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.252-258
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• 2016

비단풀의 이용가치를 향상시키기 위해 추출용매에 따른 효율적인 추출방법을 제시하기 위하여 물, 에탄올, 메탄올 세 가지 용매별로 환류냉각 추출한 건조 비단풀 추출물의 항산화 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 수율은 메탄올, 에탄올 및 물 추출물이 각각 21.88%, 21.09% 및 20.63% 순으로 메탄올 추출물이 가장 높은 수율을 나타내었다. 메탄올 추출물의 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 g당 각각 273.25 mg/g, 20.05 mg/g으로 가장 높게 나타났으나 프로안토시아니딘은 에탄올 추출물이 8.42 mg/g으로 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었다. DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거활성은 메탄올 추출물에서 높은 활성을 나타내었으나 환원력에서는 에탄올 추출물이 높은 활성을 보였다. 비단풀 추출물의 다양한 생리활성 검z증을 위하여 효소실험을 실시하였으며 HMG-CoA 저해활성의 경우, 양성대조군과 비교하였을 때 전체적으로 높은 저해활성을 나타내어 콜레스테롤 개선 효과에 대한 가능성을 확인하였으며 물 추출물이 조금 더 높은 저해활성을 나타내었다. ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ 및 xanthine oxidase 저해활성의 경우 비단풀 메탄올 추출물이 다른 용매 추출물에 비하여 높은 저해활성을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 종합해볼 때 비단풀 메탄올 추출물은 우수한 항산화 및 생리활성을 나타내어 향후 천연 항산화제 및 기능성 소재로써의 활용 가치가 높을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 로즈마리의 항산화 물질을 최대로 추출할 수 있는 최적의 추출 조건을 확립하였다. 열수 추출의 경우에는 $90^{\circ}C$, 30분 추출할 경우 항산화력($IC_{50}$ 값이 4.49 g DM/L)과 총 페놀함량(28.30 mg GAE/g DM)이 다른 온도와 시간보다 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 에탄올 추출의 경우에는 50%에탄올, $70^{\circ}C$, 10분의 경우가 항산화력($IC_{50}$ 값이 2.60 g DM/L), 총 페놀함량(40.28 mg GAE/g DM)이 다른 농도와 온도, 시간보다 높은 결과를 나타내었다 메탄올 추출 결과는 75% 메탄올, $60^{\circ}C$, 30분의 경우가 항산화력($IC_{50}$ 값이 2.31 g DM/L), 총 페놀함량(57.22 GAE/g DM)이 다른 농도와 온도, 시간보다 높은 수치를 나타내었다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the role of onion as a natural antioxidant. Onion was distinguished as yellow onion peel and onion flesh. Onion samples were extracted with 5 different kinds of solvents such as water, 70% ethanol, 99.9%ethanol, 99.9% methanol, and 96% butanol in order to select optimal extraction solvents, In this part of study linoleic acid was used s an model system for the purpose of determining the antioxidant activities. The optimal extraction rate of various solvents containing onion samples was determined by measuring extraction yield, electron donating ability(EDA), thiobarbituric acid(TBA), and thiocyanate, which are common methods for measuring activity. As a result 70% ethanol was shown as the most effective solvent.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2008

Metal ions such as Cu and Cr were extracted from the Cu, Cr and Ag impregnated active carbon by contacting the solid surfaces with supercritical carbon dioxide(Sc-$CO_2$) containing chelating agents. About 10g of the active carbon sample were loaded in a vertical tube extractor contacting with $CO_2$ flowing from the bottom of the tube for 6hrs. The ligands used were acetyl acetone(AA) and Cyanex-302(C-302). Water and methanol were used as entrainers to study the effect of co-solvent to $CO_2$. Experimental results showed that C-302 was more effective than AA in removing Cu with the maximum extraction of 42.0wt%, while 57.6wt% of Cr was extracted with AA from the sample.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.406-412
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• 1998

Such extraction conditions as the kinds of solvent, extracting temperature, extracting time, ratio of material to solvent and particle size of material, were studied to maximize the extraction of oleoresin from chipi. Larger amount of soluble solids were extracted from seeds with nonpolar solvents (hexane, pentane, ether) for extraction, because the seeds contained large amount of crude fats and monoterpene(limonene) volatile compounds. Larger amount of soluble solids were extracted from peel with polar solvents(methanol, ethanol) of extraction because of large amount of water soluble colors, sugars and oxygenated terpene bolatile compounds in the peel. The application of the solvents in intermediate polarity (dichloromethane, acetone) resulted in more effective extraction of soluble solid and volatile compounds. Expecially, dichloromethane was an excellent solvent in extraction of volatile compounds. In the concern of volatile compound recovery yield, the optimum extraction conditions, such as temperature, time, mixing ratio of material to dichloromethane and mean particle size, were $25^{\circ}C$, 10min, 1:10(w/v), 355~250${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for chopi peels and 3$0^{\circ}C$, 10min, 1:8(w/v), 355~250${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for chopi seeds, respectively.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2016

Objectives : The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activities of stem bark of Maackia amurensis extract.Methods : Stem bark of Maackia amurensis extract were prepared using 70% methanol. Methanol extracts were fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol, water fractions and investigated. The antioxidant activities of fractions was evaluated by four different assays as total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical scavenging activity and ABTS(2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging ability.Results : The yield of methanolic extracts from stem bark of Maackia amurensis was 10.16%, whereas those of its solvent fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol, and water) were 5.45, 11.39, 13.88, 26.07, and 40.80%, respectively. The total polyphenol contents and electron donating ability of 70% methanol extracts from stem bark of Maackia amurensis were 15.44 mg/g and 194.15 μg/mL of its IC₅₀, respectively. The 70% methanol extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content of chloroform fractions were higher in each of 201.98 mg/g and 13.55 mg/g. The chloroform fraction showed the lowest levels of DPPH(IC₅₀, 183.95 μg/mL) and ABTS scavenging activity(IC₅₀, 10.0 μg/mL). The antioxidant activity was detected in methanol extract, chloroform fractions.Conclusions : These results indicate that 70% methanol extract and its fractions of stem bark of Maackia amurensis, especially chloroform fraction, have the properties of anti-oxidant suggesting stem bark of Maackia amurensis may be a candidate for natural and functional materials.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2005

순수 methanol을 cd-solvent로 첨가하였을 때 소량의 수율을 얻을 수 있었던 반면 methanol에 물을 첨가하여 수용액을 조제한 후 각각 첨가하였을 때 co-solvent의 극성도 증가에 비례하여 수율이 현저하게 증가하였다. 60% methanol을 첨가하였을 때 수율이 가장 높았으며 순수 methanol 첨가구와 비교하여 luteolin이 5.9배, quercetin이 4.1배, apigenin이 7.8배 가량 증가하였다. Co-solvent에 citric acid를 농도별로 첨가한 결과 첨가량 1%까지는 추출수율이 농도 비례적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내어 대조구에 비해 대략 luteolin이 14.64mg/100g, quercetin이 10.17mg/100g, apigenin이 2.4mg/100g의 유의적인 증가율을 보였으나 그 이상의 농도에서는 소량 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 한편 산을 첨가한 모든 조건에서 대조구보다 높은 수율을 얻을 수 있었다. 추출수율이 가장 우수하였던 citric acid가 1% 첨가된 60% aqueous methanol을 co-solvent로 초임계상태에 첨가하였을 때 공정압력이 100bar에서 200ber로 증가함에 따라 추출수율이 비례적으로 증가하였으나 250bar 이상에서는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 온도에 따라서는 $40^{\circ}C$에서 $50^{\circ}C$까지는 증가하는 경향을 보이다 이상의 온도에서는 오히려 감소하였다. 추출 시간의 증가와 더불어 추출 수율은 유의적으로 증가하다가 60분일 때 최대값을 보였으며 90분 이상의 추출시간에서는 추출수율이 거의 일정해졌다. $CO_{2}$ 대비 cosolvent를 15(0.3mL/min)% 첨가하였을 때 최대 추출수율을 보였으며 25% 이상의 첨가구에서는 첨가량은 증가하였으나 수율은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 감마선 조사 및 저온저장($10^{\circ}C$)은 김밥재료 뿐만 아니라 김밥의 미생물 제어에 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다.와 비례하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 FA-swelling mica의 중금속 이온의 선택성은 Pb>Cu>Cd$\geq$Zn 순으로 나타났다.지 않았다.l years and a new type of transfer crane has been developed. Design concepts and control methods of a new crane will be introduced in this paper.and momentum balance was applied to the fluid field of bundle. while the movement of′ individual material was taken into account. The constitutive model relating the surface force and the deformation of bundle was introduced by considering a representative prodedure that stands for the bundle movement. Then a fundamental equations system could be simplified considering a steady state of the process. On the basis of the simplified model, the simulation was performed and the results could be confirmed by the experiments under various conditions.뢰, 결속 등 다차원의 개념에 대한 심도 깊은 연구와 최근 제기되고 있는 이론의 확대도 필요하다. 마지막으로 신뢰와 결속에 영향을

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2010

Luteolin and chicoric acid are the most abundant phytochemicals in dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) leaf. In this study, four kinds of extraction methods [hot water, ambient temperature (AT) water, ethanol, and methanol] were applied to analyze the contents of both phytochemicals and verify their anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. The methanol extract showed the most potent nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory effect. The luteolin and chicoric acid concentrations were 3.42 and $12.86\;{\mu}g/g$ dandelion leaf in the methanol extract. The NO-suppressive effect of luteolin and chicoric acid was identified in a dose-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ values of $21.2\;{\mu}M$ and $283.6\;{\mu}M$, respectively, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, as an index for free radical injury on cell membrane, was also dose-dependently inhibited by the two compounds. The suppressive effect was further examined using mRNA and protein expression levels, which were attributable to the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). These results suggest that two phytochemicals in dandelion leaf, luteolin and chicoric acid, may play an important role in the amelioration of LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2024

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and physiological activities of the Korean marine algae, Enteromorpha compressa. Solvent extracts of E. compressa were prepared using 70% ethanol, 80% methanol, and water, with extraction yields ranging from 9.55% to 25.67%. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents ranged from 20.76-28.41 mg/g and 2.56-18.59 mg/g, respectively. Compared with the water extract, the ethanol and methanol extracts were found to have higher antioxidant activities. All three extracts were found to promote alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas the methanol and ethanol extracts were established to have the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (IC₅₀=1.40 ㎍/mL) and β-secretase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀=0.17 ㎍/mL), respectively. These findings thus indicate that E. compressa could have beneficial application as a supplementary antioxidant and functional constituent in food and pharmaceutical materials.