• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.763-770
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• 1993

To investigate the quality changes during frozen storage, top shell, Omphalius pfeifferi capenteri, was stored at -18$^{\circ}C$, -$25^{\circ}C$ and -3$0^{\circ}C$ immediately after shelling and water holding capacity, protein composition and histological features were examined with the lapsed period of the storage. During the storage period, amount of free drip was increased with higher frozen temperature and longer frozen period, but with the longer storage period, the lower water holding capacity was observed. The extractability and composition of muscle protein, sarcoplasmic protein and stroma protein were rather stable regardless of frozen temperature and frozen storage period. However, the extractability of myofibrillar protein was decreased with higher frozen temperature and longer frozen storage period. On the changes of muscle tissue structure, following points were observed. 1) In the muscle tissue structure of fresh sample, fine muscle fiber was closely distributed all over the tissue regardless of cross and longitudinal section. 2) In tissue structure under frozen state, it was observed that ice crystals apparently grew with the higher storage temperature. Empty spaces between muscle bundles which wee formed by aggregations of muscle fiber were observed after 3 months storage at -18$^{\circ}C$ . 3) Tissue structure in thawed state was restored satisfactorily after 1 month storage regardless of storage temperature. After 3 months storage at -3$0^{\circ}C$, muscle tissue was well restored, but at -18$^{\circ}C$, empty spaces were apparent due to incomplete restoration.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2022

본고는 문화재 미등록 민가정원의 조영 당시 형태를 각 정원의 원형으로 삼아 미등록 민가정원의 변화과정을 추적하여 정원의 공간적 가치를 규명하고 전통정원의 계승과 변화라는 관점에서 미등록 민가정원의 역사공간적 가치를 논구하였다. 이를 위해 최근 지정문화재의 해제 수량 증가로 인해 정원의 보존 또한 위기에 처해 있는 강원도의 문화재 미등록 민가정원을 대상으로 정원의 공간변화를 통하여 미등록 민가정원의 양상을 규명하고 그 특성 및 가치를 천착하였고 이를 통하여 다음의 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 문화재 미등록 민가정원은 집성촌 지역에 입지하여 전통정원의 형태를 계승 유지할 수 있었다. 정원공간은 유교적 철학의 영향으로 공간이 구획되고 정원의 구성요소와 수종 및 식재방식이 달리 나타나고 있었다. 신분적 위계에 따른 정원 구성요소의 사용이 나타났다. 둘째, 대상지 4개소에서 공간의 축소가 지속적으로 확인되었다. 축소된 공간들은 정원공간들로서 도로의 신설과 환경개선 사업으로 정원의 일부가 국가로 귀속되는 현상이 나타났다. 셋째, 대상지 4개소 중 3개소에서 수령 100년 이상의 노거수 8주가 생육하고 있고 정원 구성요소들은 한중일 삼국에서 조선시대와 동시대에 사용되었던 석수조, 취병, 지당 등이 공통적으로 확인되어 전통정원의 역사성을 계승하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2001

Its a tendency to strengthen related international was as the importance on marine oil pollution recently becomes the issue. According to the regulation of IMO, oil discharge from ships is allowed under 15PPM only and oil filtering equipment is essential. Oily water separator of laminated plate type which is one of gravity type separator can be use as assistant equipment for the oil filtering system to meet the present IMO standard, because it fits well to process large amount of rich oil with high specific gravity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate an efficiency of oil/water separation with the characteristics of laminated plate arrangement. The analyse of oil contents for oil-water mixture were carried out in order to find an efficiency of oil/water separation and an experimental study was simultaneously carried out to investigate internal flow characteristics of separator by visualization method and PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) measurement at three spaces of plates for 5, 10 and 15 mm with variation of inlet flow rates of $0.25m^3$/h and $0.5m^3$/h. The experimental results showed that the space of the plates acts a significant role in the separating process.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.773-779
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• 2013

This study was performed to provide the basic data for the function of BTEX removal for compact electrostatic precipitator which are applicable to indoor environment (or closed spaces). For this purpose, the adsorption equilibrium test was conducted for BTEX of activated carbon sheet (ACS) and activated carbon (AC), and the adsorption characteristics of AC and ACS were evaluated using the Langmuir constant which was obtained from the adsorption characteristics, adsorption capacity and regression calculation. The surface area and adsorption pore volume of ACS reduced by 70% and 86%, respectively, as compared to those of AC, and the adsorption capacities of BTEX also showed a similar level. Thus, it is considered that ACS applied electrostatic precipitator is able to remove dust and BTEX simultaneously.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2015

Agriculture, rural landscapes are accompanied by a variety of environmental issues. Therefore, it is necessary to study on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Horticulture complex is low groundwater recharge function, it can be evaluated as a facility that biodiversity is impaired. The ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes were obtained 19 kinds of functions. Experts survey Groundwater recharge function (4.13) teeth chapter higher, Water storage (4.05), Amphibian & Reptile habitat (3.96), Aquatic insect habitat (3.92), Flood control (3.87), Water purification (3.86), Avian habitat (3.76 ), Creating landscape (3.74), Vegetation diversity (3.71), Experience, Education (3.69), Biological control (3.48), Fishery habitat (3.42), Climate regulation (3.30), Mammal habitat (3.30), Air quality regulation (3.25 ), Mainenance of genetic diversity (3.25), were analyzed in order Rest area (3.14). Improving capabilities in the Detention Pond, Wetland, Green space, Corridor, Non-Chemical, Program development, Green spaces, Rainwater storage facilities, Water cycle system, Surface water storage facilities, Infiltration trench, Water purification facilities, Permeable pavement. Environmentally friendly, and to contribute to sustainable agricultural development through ecological planning.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.1062-1067
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• 2015

Floating architecture is a type of building that is geographically located on a sea or a river. It floats under the influence of buoyancy, and does not have an engine for moving it. Korea is a peninsula surrounded by sea except on the north side, so floating architectures have been mainly focused on two points: solving the issue of small territory and providing various leisure & cultural spaces. Floating architectures are expected to save energy effectively, if they use sea water heat, which is known to be clean energy with infinite reserves. To use sea water heat as the heat source and/or heat sink, this study proposes a model in which a sea water heat exchanger is embedded in the concrete structure in the lower part of the floating architecture that is submerged under the sea. Based on the results of performance evaluations of the sea water heat exchanger using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis and mock-up experiments under various conditions, it is found out that the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger is in the range of $3.06{\sim}9.57^{\circ}C$, and that the quantity of heat transfer measured is in the range of 3,812~7,180 W. The CFD evaluation results shows a difference of 5% with respect to the results of mock-up experiment.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.604-610
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• 2010

Busan subway transportation system has been established a key role in the society last 20 years. However many people are suffering from hot and humid environment at subway station and platform due to deteriorated ventilation system as well as insufficient air conditioning system in existing stations and platforms. As a result, these systems require revitalization. There is about 5400tons of low temperature underground water is generated from subway stations every day. By using this method and air washer we are trying to lower the temperature. Air washer is commonly used for removing humidity but in this experiment it will be used as air precooling. This research offers result of experiment using air washer system to lower the temperature in large spaces like subway station. The experiment result has shown when L/G was the same, at condition which water spray temperature at $18^{\circ}C$ resulting inlet and outlet temperature difference larger. Also, in the same water spray temperature conditions, larger L/G condition showed a greater temperature difference. LCC evaluation of both system were shown that air washer system of using underground water will save 53% of the initial cost than refrigeration system, and save 75% of operating cost.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2007

The research analyzes the arrangement of boiler and hot water header, the method of radiator pipe setting, hot water supply control, hourly heating situation of each room for underfloor radiant heating systems in Korea and suggests an alternative to improve to efficient heating method. One of the best options for install position of hot water distributor is under kitchen sink which is center point of all rooms, according to previous research of the energy saving strategies. When the radiator pipes are arranged to each individual room instead of bedrooms through livingroom and kitchen, it has energy saving effects. For rooms without occupancy according to a time period, hot water supply method should be intermittent heating rather than continuous heating. For this intermittent heating method, individual control of hot water supply is more practical, and it can lead to massive energy savings. The intermittent heating system has time-lag, so it is more effective in energy saving with mild and comfort condition if the spaces are preheated by automatic control equipment prior to required time.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.547-553
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• 2008

In recent years, attention on the inhabitation environments of animals and plants which coexist with humans is growing more and more, and relevant research is being activated. In habitats of rivers, a lot of factors are interacting, even among them, some elements especially such hydraulic factors as water velocity and water depth, and such geological shapes as gravels, sand and mud are being considered as primary elements. In this study, various field investigations are carried out to determine the relationship between the river habitats of fishes and hydraulic primary elements using high-tech equipments. Furthermore numerical experiments to classify such habitats according to topographical spaces are carried out. In detail, hydraulic field investigations performed in this study can be summarized as topographical survey, discharge measurement, water level fluctuation monitoring and so on. In numerical experiments, the RMA2 model of the commercial program, Surface-Water Modeling System (SMS), which is widely used in conducting a two-dimensional analysis of the flow behavior of a river is utilized. In conclusion, as a result of field investigation, the relationship between water velocity and water depth is obtained. And the relationship between water velocity and water temperature is identified, too. Finally, using above obtained results, the inhabitation environment was classified into Riffle, Glide, Run, Pool, and E.D.Z according to the relationship between water velocity and water depth.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyse six different factors of water space that influence interior landscape architecture of officers and commercial spaces. Six different factors of water space that influence interior landscape architecture are the height of the water space, the design form, the blending with the location environment, location, general satisfaction with the water space, and general satisfaction with whole space. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Water space of commercial space was bigger than office space. The satisfaction is the highest in 0∼0.6M(B2) of office space and 3.5M(C6) of commercial space. The cascade form in the office space and large water volume design in commercial areas, which supplies abundant sound and water volume, were the highest. 2. In the analysis of preferences, the design form and the general design of the office space influences satisfaction levels. The height of the water space, and a combination of other factors influence general satisfaction. Water space influences commercial areas in higher degrees. 3. The items were most desired or satisfactory for interior landscape architecture were a cascade, water fall, and small water fountain. 4. A place introduced with water space had higher satisfaction levels. Water space produces higher than general satisfaction and indicates water, space alone cannot make general interior space satisfactory, although it can make interior landscape architecture space satisfactory. 5. There is more general satisfaction in commercial space than in office space. 6. The design of water space influences overall satisfaction: a rest area of office space needs an impressive and aggressive approach, while the office space should harmonize with its surroundings, as a commercial space.