• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2006

This study was performed to determine the sensory evaluation and mechanical characteristics of lemon red ginseng-pyun. Lemon red ginseng-pyun was made with lemon juice(21.4%), sweet potato starch(6.7%), water(53.3%), sugar(13.3%), honey(5.3%) and various concentrations of red ginseng powder(0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10%). The quality characteristics of the sample were estimated in terms of pH, color difference, texture profile analysis and sensory evaluation. The pH of lemon red ginseng-pyun showed no significant difference among the different ratios of red ginseng. With increasing red ginseng powder addition, the lightness was significantly(p<0.05) lower, and a value and b values were significantly(p<0.05) higher. In sensory evaluation, with increasing red ginseng powder addition, the color and bitter taste of lemon red ginseng-pyun were stronger, while clarity of the 10% added red ginseng was significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of the 0% added red ginseng. Elasticity, hardness, chewiness, softness. sweet taste and overall acceptability were not significantly different in any group. In texture profile analysis, chewiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and hardness were significantly(p<0.05) increased in the 10% added red ginseng but springiness was not significantly different in any group. Overall acceptability was related to texture, appearance, overall taste and sweet taste of lemon red ginseng-pyun. Therefore, development of lemon red ginseng-pyun with no sugar or artificial sweeteners is encouraged as a healthy diet for diabetes and hypertension patients, because red ginseng is defined as a functional foods.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2013

자연산 다묵장어, Lethenterone reissneri에서 발생한 물곰팡이병의 원인체를 형태학적 및 유전학적 연구를 통하여 동정하였다. 분리균주는 격벽이 없는 균사를 형성하였고, 가늘고 긴 모양의 유주자낭 내에 활발한 운동성을 보이는 유주자가 여러 줄로 배열되었다가 유주자낭의 선단에서 휴면하지 않고 한꺼번에 방출되는 특징을 보였다. 한편 유성생식기관인 조란기와 조정기는 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 분리균주의 ITS sequence를 분석하고 Saprolegnia 속의 다른 분리균주와 유전학적 상관관계를 조사한 결과, S. parasitica가 속해있는 clade I에 분류되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 무성생식기관의 형태, 유주자 방출방식 및 ITS sequence의 phylogenetic analysis에 근거하여 자연산 다묵장어에서 관찰된 물곰팡이병의 원인체는 S. parasitica인 것으로 동정되었다.

• 대기
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.213-226
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• 2009

In order to investigate the characteristics of Changma over the Korean peninsula, KEOP-2007 IOP (Intensive Observing Period) was conducted from 15 June 2007 to 15 July 2007. KEOP-2007 IOP is high spatial and temporal radiosonde observations (RAOB) which consisted of three special stations (Munsan, Haenam, and Ieodo) from National Institute of Meteorological Research, five operational stations (Sokcho, Baengnyeongdo, Pohang, Heuksando, and Gosan) from Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), and two operational stations (Osan and Gwangju) from Korean Air Force (KAF) using four different types of radiosonde sensors. The error statistics of the sensor of radiosonde were investigated using quality control check. The minimum and maximum error frequency appears at the sensor of RS92-SGP and RS1524L respectively. The error frequency of DFM-06 tends to increase below 200 hPa but RS80-15L and RS1524L show vice versa. Especially, the error frequency of RS1524L tends to increase rapidly over 200 hPa. Systematic biases of radiosonde show warm biases in case of temperature and dry biases in case of relative humidity compared with ECMWF (European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast) analysis data and precipitable water vapor from GPS. The maximum and minimum values of systematic bias appear at the sensor of DFM-06 and RS92-SGP in case of temperature and RS80-15L and DFM-06 in case of relative humidity. The systematic warm and dry biases at all sensors tend to increase during daytime than nighttime because air temperature around sensor increases from the solar heating during daytime. Systematic biases of radiosonde are affected by the sensor type and the height of the sun but random errors are more correlated with the moisture conditions at each observation station.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1716-1721
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• 2006

The present study was conducted to observe the effect of osmolality of glycerolated TEST-yolk glycerol extenders on post-thawing sperm kinematics of ram spermatozoa of the native Malpura breed maintained in a semi-arid tropical environment. Good quality semen obtained from adult rams was pooled, split and diluted to 1,000 million spermatozoa per ml in complete TEST-yolk-glycerol extenders of 900, 1,200, 1,500 and 1,800 mOsm/kg osmolality. Diluted semen samples were loaded in 0.25 ml straws and cooled down to $-125^{\circ}C$ freezing temperature at the rate of $-25^{\circ}C$ per minute under controlled conditions before plunging into liquid nitrogen for storage. The thawing of straws was performed at $50^{\circ}C$ in a water bath for 10 seconds and sperm kinematics of the frozen-thawed spermatozoa were assessed by a computer-assisted sperm analysis technique. Osmolality of diluent had no significant effect on post-thawing % motility, % rapid, % medium and % slow moving frozen-thawed spermatozoa but significantly (p< 0.05) affected the % linearity and % straightness. The post-thawing % motility and % rapid motile spermatozoa were highest in samples extended in diluent of 1,500 mOsm/kg osmolality and lowest in 900 mOsm/kg. The curvilinear velocity of spermatozoa was significantly (p<0.05) higher for samples extended in 1,800 mOsm/kg, compared to those in 900 and 1,200 mOsm/kg, but the effect was not significantly different to those extended in diluent of 1,500 mOsm/kg osmolality. The study indicated that ram spermatozoa could tolerate a wide osmolality range for dilution in the complete TEST-yolk-glycerol extender for their cryosurvival. The highest recovery of motile spermatozoa following thawing was achieved in samples extended in the TEST-yolk-glycerol diluent of 1,500 mOsm/kg osmolality.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제18권E4호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2002

The pH, electric conductivity. and the major ionic components were analyzed for the precipitation samples collected at 1100 Site of Mt. Halla and Jeju city. The quality of analytical data was verified by the comparison of ion balances, conductivities and acid fractions, all of which correlation coefficients were over 0.952. The ionic strengths lower than 10$^{-4}$ M were found in 57 and 28% at 1100 Site and Jeju city respectively. The precipitation in Jeju city was influenced more by the oceanic effect than those in 1100 Site. The acidification of precipitation was caused mostly by S $O_4$$^{2-}$and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ in both areas, and the organic acids have contributed to the acidity with only 7~8%. The neutralization factors by N $H_3$ were about 44 and 47％ at the 1100 site and the Jeju city, respectively, whereas those by CaC $O_3$were 21 and 24%, and the free acidity were about 38 and 28％ at two sites. From the investigation of seawater and soil enrichment factors, the S $O_4$$^{2-}$, N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ and N $E_4$$^{+}$ were immigrated by other sources rather than from the seawater or soil origins. but not in the case of $Mg^{2+}$, C $l^{[-10]}$ , N $a^{+}$, and $K^{+}$. Factor analysis has shown that the precipitation at the 1100 site had been influenced mostly by anthropogenic sources, followed by soil and sea-water sources. On the other hand, the precipitation at the Jeju city was mainly influenced by oceanic sources, followed by anthropogenic and soil sources.urces.

• 생약학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2018

A traditional herbal formula, Gyeji-tang has been used to treat the early colds, headache, chills, and fever in Asian countries. In this study, we were performed simultaneous determination of the 14 bioactive marker compounds, gallic acid, spinosin, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, liquilitigenin, coumarin, cinnmamic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin, cinnamaldehyde, glycyrrhizin, and 6-gingerol in Gyeji-tang using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Analytical column was used a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) and maintained at $45^{\circ}C$ with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The mobile phase consists of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. The MS analysis was conducted using multiple reaction monitoring in the positive and negative modes by a Waters ACQUITY TQD LC-MS/MS system. The calibration curves of 14 bioactive marker compounds showed linearity with correlation coefficients ${\geq}0.9798$. The limits of detection and quantification values were in the range of 0.11-6.66 ng/mL and 0.34-19.99 ng/mL, respectively. As a result of the analysis using the established LC-MS/MS method, the amounts of tested 14 compounds in the lyophilized Gyeji-tang sample were detected up to $85.7{\mu}g/g$. These results may be useful for quality assessment of a traditional herbal formulas.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2012

기수역은 하천의 종횡단 방향으로 수질 하안 저질 재료 및 미지형이 변화하는 환경변화가 매우 큰 공간으로 이러한 환경의 질적 차이에 의하여 생물 서식처가 달라지는 특수한 공간이다. 본 연구는 신곡 수중보의 건설과 수중보 하류의 과도한 준설 등이 수리적인 여건 변화를 제공하였고 이로 인하여 사주 변화가 급격히 진행된 한강의 장항습지를 대상으로 하구습지의 공간적 변화 추이와 장항습지의 물리 생태적 특성을 분석하여 사주부 식생의 정착과 확장과정을 규명하였다. 그 결과 장항습지의 사주면적은 1985년과 비교하여 2006년도에는 6배정도로 습지가 확장되었고, 갈대군락은 점차 감소하는 반면 선버들 군락은 증가하였다. 또한 토층분석 결과 장항습지는 하천의 영향을 받아 형성되었으며, 습지의 중류역에서부터 목본류가 정착하여 상하류로 확산된 것으로 분석되었다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

In clinical diagnosis, it's well known that the abnormal level of uric acid (UA) in human body is implicated in diverse human diseases, for instance, chronic heart failure, gouty arthritis, diabetes, and so on. As a primary method, an isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) has been used to obtain the accurate quantity of UA in blood or serum and also develop the certificated reference material (CRM) so as to provide a SI-traceability to clinical laboratories. Due to the low solubility of UA in water, an ammonium hydroxide ($NH_4OH$) has been considered as a promising solvent to increase the solubility of UA that enables the preparation of both UA and its isotope standard solution for next IDMS-based absolute quantification. But, because of using this $NH_4OH$ solvent, it gives rise to the unwanted degradation of UA. In this study, we sought to optimize condition for the stability of UA in $NH_4OH$ solution by varying the mole ratios of UA to $NH_4OH$, followed by ID-LC-MRM analysis. In addition, we also inspected minutely the effect of the storage temperatures. Additionally, we also performed the quantitative analysis of UA in the KRISS serum certificated reference material (CRM, 111-01-02A) with diverse mixing ratios of UA to $NH_4OH$ and then compared those values to its certification value. Based on our experiments, adjusting the mole ratio of 1/2 ($UA/NH_4OH$) with the storage temperature of $-20^{\circ}C$ is an effective way to secure both the solubility and stability of UA in $NH_4OH$ solution for next IDMS-based quantification of UA in serum.

• 생태와환경
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.214-225
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• 2011

The objectives of the study were to evaluate seasonal patterns of epilimnetic water quality, and determine interannual eutrophication patterns at the dam site of Yong-dam Reservoir using long-term data during 2002~2009. Ionic dilutions, based on specific conductivity, occurred in the summer period in response to the intense monsoon rain and inflow, and suspended solid analysis indicated that the reservoir was clear except for the monsoon. Seasonality of nitrogen contents varied depending on the types of nitrogen and responded to ionic dilution; Ammonia-nitrogen ($NH_4$-N) peaked at dry season but nitrate-nitrogen ($NO_3$-N) peaked in the monsoon when the ionic dilution occurred. The maxima of $NO_3$-N seemed to be related with external summer N-loading from the watershed and active nitrogen fixation of bluregreens in the summer. $NO_3$-N was major determinant (>50%) of the total nitrogen pool and relative proportion of $NH_4$-N was minor. Long-term annual $NO_3$-N and TDN showed continuous increasing trends from 2004 to 2009, whereas TP and TDP showed decreasing trends along with chlorophyll-a (CHL) values. Empirical model analysis of log-transformed nutrients and N : P ratios on the CHL showed that the reservoir CHL had a stronger linear function with TP ($R^2$=0.89, p<0.001) than TN ($R^2$=0.35, p=0.120). Overall results suggest that eutrophication progress, based on TP and CHL, is slow down over the study period and this was mainly due to reduced phosphorns, which is considered as primary nutrient by the empirical model.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 기존 DRASTIC 모델에 구조선밀도, 토지이용 인자 등을 추가한 수정 DRASTIC 모델을 설정하여 경기도 화남2지구의 지하수오염 가능성을 예측하고자 하였다. 2가지 인자를 추가로 설정한 이유는 우리나라의 수리 지질학적 환경에서 대수층은 대부분 암반 대수층인 점을 고려할 때, 구조선밀도는 지하수 및 오염물질 유동에 직접적인 영향을 미치고, 토지이용은 점오염원 및 비점오염원의 영향을 간접적으로 반영할 수 있기 때문이다. 통계분석을 위하여 각 인자별 격자 레이어를 생성하고, 상관계수를 분석함으로서 신뢰도를 판단하였다. 최종 결과물인 지하수오염가능예측도는 '수정 DRASTIC 취약성'과 오염원의 발생 부하량 값을 논리적으로 비교함으로서 수리지질학적인 측면에서의 오염가능성 지역과 수질측면에서의 오염가능성 지역을 예측할 수 있는 방안을 제시할 수 있었다.