• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2007

갈수기에 관개한 대체용수가 배추 생육 및 토양 염류도에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 대체관개용수로 산업공장 폐수처리장 방류수, 하수종말처리장 방류수와 대조구로서 지하수를 관개하여 본 실험을 수행하였다. 관개한 대체용수에 대한 화학구성 성분은 산업공장 폐수처리장 방류수의 $Ni^+$ 농도와 SAR 값은 관개수로서 다른 국가의 재활용 기준치를 상회하였다. 또한 하수종말처리장 방류수의 CODcr 농도는 농업관개용수 재활용 기준을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. ECi 값은 산업공장 폐수처리장 및 하수종말처리장 방류수가 0.7에서 $2.0dS\;m^{-1}$로서 약한 염류도에 속하였다. 산업공장 폐수처리장 및 하수종말처리장 방류수 관개구의 평균 수확지수는 관개기간에 관계없이 대조구 0.61에 비교하여, 각각 0.64과 0.63으로 나타났다. 토양중의 SAR값은 결구기에 관개기간이 지연됨에 따라 증가하였지만, 산업공장 폐수처리장 방류수 관개구에 대해서는 수확기에 30일간 관개한 것을 제외하고는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나, 하수종말처리장 방류수를 관개한 경우 대조구와 비교하여 전생육기간을 통해 관개기간에 따른 큰 차이는 없었다. 수확기에 산업공장 폐수처리장 및 하수종말처리장 방류수 관개구의 평균 ECe는 대조구 $0.013dS\;m^{-1}$에 비교하여 각각 $0.017dS\;m^{-1}$ 과 $0.036dS\;m^{-1}$이었다. 대체용수를 관개한 후 수확기의 토양 중 $NH_4-N$ 농도는 관개기간에 따른 대체용수원 별로는 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 관측되었다. 또한, 토양 중의 $NO_3-N$ 농도는 관개 후 20일까지는 증가하였지만, 결구기에 하수종말처리장 방류수 관개 후 30일에는 감소하였다. 하수종말 처리장 방류수를 관개한 표토층(0 15 cm)의 $Ni^+$ 함량은 결구기에 관개기간이 지연됨에 따라 증가하였지만, 수확기에 급격히 감소하여 모든 처리구에서 일정 수준을 유지하였다. 그러므로, 배추경작 시 갈수기에 배추정식 후 20일간 하수종말 처리장 방류수를 20일간 관개하여도 안전한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2004년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.108-108
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• 2004

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1467-1474
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• 2016

In response to the water shortage problem, continued attempts are being made to secure consistent and reliable water sources. Among various solutions to this problem, wastewater effluent is an easy way to secure the necessary supply, since its annual output is consistent. Furthermore, wastewater effluent has the advantage of being able to serve various purposes, such as cleaning, sprinkling, landscaping, river management, irrigation, and industrial applications. Therefore, this study presents the possible use of reclaimed industrial wastewater treated with Birm filters and a UF membrane, along with an analysis on membrane fouling. The preprocessing stage, part of the reclamation process, used Birm filters to minimize membrane fouling. Since this study did not consider heavy metal levels in the treated water, the analyses did not include the criterion for irrigation water quality. However, the wastewater reclaimed by using Birm filters and a UF membrane met every other requirement for reclaimed water quality standards. This indicated that the treated water could be used for cleaning, channel flow for maintenance, recreational purposes, and industrial applications. The analysis on the fouling of the Birm filter and UF membrane required the study of the composition and recovery rate of the membrane. According to SEM and EDX analyses of the UF membrane, carbon and oxygen ion composition amounted to approximately 57%, whereas inorganic matter was not detected. Furthermore, the difference in the recovery rates of the distressed membrane between acidic and alkaline cleaning was more than ~78%, which indicated that organic rather than inorganic matter contributed to membrane fouling.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2000

부들, 갈대, 줄, 물고랭이 등의 정수식물을 이용하여 5개월 동안 용기재배로 산업폐수 정화용 정수식물을 선발하였다. 전기전도도가 3.0 dS/m이고, NH₄/sup ＋/-N 농도가 130 ppm인 산업폐수를 관수하였을때 증발산량(ETc)이 감소하지 않는 정수식물은 부들과 줄로서 내염성이 강하였고, 갈대는 폐수처리에 의하여 배양액재배시 보다 증발산량이 30% 감소하였으나 증발산량의 절대치가 가장 높아 수분요구량이 매우 높은 식물로 판명되었다. 부들과 줄의 건물생산량은 증발산량의 경우에서와 같이 배양액 관수구보다 오히려 산업폐수 관수구에서 높았고, 갈대는 폐수처리에 의하여 건물생산량이 14% 감소하였음에도 불구하고 4종식물중에 건물생산량이 가장 높았다. 물고랭이는 산업폐수를 관수하였을 때 건물생산량이 71.3% 감소하여 내염성과 고농도 암모니아성 질소에 대한 내성이 극히 불량한 것으로 나타났다. 줄과 갈대는 산업폐수 관수시에 총건물중과 조직내 질소 축적물이 부들이나 물고랭이 보다 훨씬 높아 단위면적당 질소 흡수제거량이 큰 정수식물로 판명되었다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2010

본 연구는 하수처리수의 농업용수 재이용에 따른 벼의 미질특성을 파악하기 위하여 시험포장을 조성하여 쌀의 아밀로스 및 단백질 함량, 완전미 도정수율을 분석하고 유의성을 고찰하였다. 시험포장의 수질 및 토양환경을 조사하였으며, 근적외선 분광분석법을 통해 미질 특성을 분석하였다. 하수처리수로 재배된 쌀의 미질 특성치는 일반미와 큰 차이가 나지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 통계분석 결과 5% 유의수준에서 각 처리구별 유의차가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to establish the estimation method of irrigation water amount for sewage treated water reuse for agricultural purpose. To calculate the irrigation water amount, we adopted Penman-Monteith for potential evapotranspiration estimation and applied crop coefficient and irrigation efficiency factor. We developed the irrigation water amount calculation program using C language in Xcode environment. The target district for calculation is having 259 ha of agricultural land located near the Jinyeong Clear Water Circulation Center in Hanrim-myeon, Gimhae city. The meteorological data of the study area were obtained from Changwon weather station from 1986 to 2017. Calculated average and maximum of annual mean potential evapotranspiration were 2.72 mm/day and 6.22 mm/day, respectively. We used K-S (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) for goodness-of-fit test to find optimal probability distribution of annual mean and maximum evapotranspiration. As a result, the normal distribution was selected for the appropriate distribution. The annual mean and maximum potential evapotranspiration for 10-year return period by applying normal distribution were 2.88 mm/day and 6.76 mm/day, respectively. Assuming that the irrigation efficiency is 80%, the irrigation water requirement was calculated as $36.05m^3/day/ha$ and $84.45m^3/day/ha$, respectively, when annual mean and maximum potential evapotranspiration were applied. The actual irrigation water amount can be calculated by applying the crop coefficient and cropping days for the study area based on the developed irrigation water amount estimation program in this study.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.521-526
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• 2005

Water Quality of effluent from wastewater treatment plants was reviewed to reuse effluent for agricultural water as alternative water resources. Among 2004, wastewater treatment plants, 19 plants are found to be used as wastewater resources applicable to irrigation. The total effluent capacities are 9,293 thousand $m^3$per day, which may be used to irrigate paddy fields. In order to know how much the effluent can be use for agricultural water, we classified the effluent according to the river basin area and evaluated the water quality of the effluent.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.673-678
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• 2005

The objective of this paper is to develop the microorganism concentration simulation model for the health related effect analysis while farmers and water managers reuse the wastewater for agricultural irrigation. This model consists of the CE-QUAL-R1 model and the CREAMS-PADDY model. The CE-QUAL-R1 model is the 1-D numerical model to analyze the water quality of the reservoir and the CREAMS-PADDY model is modified from CREAMS model for considering the hydrologic cycles in paddy field. This model was applied to examine the application by the observed data from 2003 in Byoungjum study area. From this research, the average root mean square error (RMSE) for the simulated concentration during the calibration period was 0.51 MPN/100ml and correlation coefficient $(R^2)$ was 0.71. And the RMSE for the simulated concentration during the verification period was 0.46 MPN/100ml and $R^2$ was 0.73. This simulation results show that the coliform inflow concentrations by the wastewater irrigation wield great influence upon the temporal coliform concentrations in paddy field.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1959-1963
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• 2006

As an alternative water resources development, wastewater reuse for agricultural and instream uses are expected to be fond of the limelight. In order to find the feasible reuse system scheme for reclaimed water in real field, existing reuse sites were investigated for water quantity, quality, and irrigation scheme. From the results, most of sites supplied reclaimed water with a request of the users(farmers) and reuse techniques for agricultural use were to be needed in the sites which supplied over yearly $1.0{\times}10^6$ ton as agricultural water.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2018

Direct membrane filtration (DMF) of wastewater has many advantages over conventional biological wastewater treatment processes. DMF is not only compact, but potentially energy efficient due to the lack of biological aeration. It also produces more biosolids that can be used to produce methane gas through anaerobic digestion. Most of ammoniacal nitrogen in wastewater is preserved in effluent and is used as fertilizer when effluent is recycled for irrigation. In this study, a technical feasibility of DMF was explored. Organic and nitrogen removal efficiencies were compared between DMF and membrane bioreactor (MBR). Despite the extremely high F/V ratio, e.g., $14.4kg\;COD/m^3/d$, DMF provided very high COD removal efficiencies at ~93%. Soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were less in DMF sludge, but membrane fouling rate was far greater than in MBR. The diversity of microbial community in DMF appeared very narrow based on the morphological observation using optical microscope. On the contrary, highly diverse microbial community was observed in the MBR. Microorganisms tended to form jelly globs and attach on reactor wall in DMF. FT-IR study revealed that the biological globs were structurally supported by feather-like materials made of secondary amines. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) study showed microorganisms mainly resided on the external surface of microbial globs rather than the internal spaces.