• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate several leading options for the management of radioactive metallic waste against a set of general criteria including safety, cost effectiveness, radiological dose to workers and volume reduction. Several options for managing metallic waste generated from decommissioning are evaluated in this paper. These options include free release, controlled reuse, and direct disposal of radioactive metallic waste. Each of these options may involve treatment of the metal waste for volume reduction by physical cutting or melting. A multi-criteria decision analysis was performed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to rank the options. Melting radioactive metallic waste to produce metal ingots with controlled reuse or free release is found to be the most effective option.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.35-45
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• 2023

Purpose: This paper (1) identifies the factors that affect people's changing habits towards waste sorting, (2) evaluates the benefits of waste sorting to the environment and (3) designs communication strategies to change people's behavior and habits in sorting plastic waste in Ho Chi Mnh City, Vietnam. Research design, data and methodology: Using the data from 309 people that are living in Ho Chi Minh City and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), to evaluate variables and test the hypotheses. Results: Research results show that attitudes, subjective standards, behavioral control, and facilities affect people's intention to classify plastic waste. We find that environmental concerns greatly influence people's attitudes. In contrast, environmental concerns have a relatively weaker effect on people's degree of behavioral control. Conclusion: Environmental protection is a matter of concern in the world. In Vietnam, this issue has been institutionalized into law to create a basis for improving the effectiveness of environmental protection activities. This article has some limitations. Firstly, sample is limited to HCMC residents; the study results are not representative of the entire population of Vietnam. This paper is based on cross-sectional data, which is not the best way to establish a causal relationship between the intention to sort plastic waste and its drivers.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.82-90
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• 2009

It is very important to utilize effectively fibrous waste paper in terms of cost savings, environmental effects, and governmental policies. The quality of final products and runnability of papermaking process are primarily affected by constitutions of fibrous raw materials. In specific, board grade paper depends directly on compositions of waste paper bales. At present, the raw materials of board grade paper are mainly derived from lots kinds of wastepaper. Some papermaking countries, like EU, USA and Japan have advanced classification and management systems of recycled fiber, but Korea has not yet organized systematically. In this study, evaluation of wastepaper bale compositions and their fiber properties were carried out for effective utilization of fibrous raw materials for board grade paper production. 3 kinds of wastepaper bales were classified to fibrous or non-fibrous materials. In case of fibrous materials, KOCC, kraft sack paper and white duplex board matters were main component in total weight basis, and in case of non-fibrous materials, vinyl, plastic and cloth matters were main component, in turns. 3 representative kinds of waste paper were disintegrated and classified, and then prepared to handsheet for evaluation of recycled fiber property. Consequently, fines and ash content of waste paper, isolated from KOCC and white duplex board were higher than that of kraft sack paper. pH values of all kinds of waste fibers were neutral or weak alkaline.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.341-354
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• 2022

Treatment of solid waste building materials is a crucial method of disposal and an area of ongoing research. New standards for the treatment of solid waste building materials are necessary due to multisource features, huge quantities, and complicated compositions of solid waste. In this research, sustainable nanomaterial mixtures containing nano-paper waste (NPW) and nano-metakaolin (NMK) were used as a substitute for Portland cement. Portland cement was replaced with different ratios of NPW and NMK (0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% by weight of cement) while the cement-to-water ratio remained constant at 0.4 in all mortar mixtures. The fresh properties had a positive effect on them, and with the increase in the percentage of replacement, the fresh properties decreased. The results of compressive strength at 7 and 28 days and flexural strength at 28 days show that the nanomaterials improved the strength, but the results of NMK were better than those of NPW. The best replacement rate was 8%, followed by 4%, and finally 12% for both materials. The combination of NMK and NPW as a replacement (12% NMK + 12% NPW) showed less shrinkage than the others because of the high pozzolanic reactivity of the nanomaterials. The combination of NMK and NPW improved the microstructure by increasing the hydration volume and lowering the water in the cement matrix, as clearly observed in the C-S-H decomposition.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2003

Used motor oil contains pollutants, including organic chemicals and meta]s. When disposed of improperly - in the trash, on the ground or in a sewer system - the pollutants may reach rivers, lakes or the ground water. Thus, all the waste oil products such as waste motor oil, waste oil container, and waste oil filter should be collected and transported for recycling or disposal by waste oil regulations. Because waste oil container is a valuable resource, waste oil containers can be reused, cleaned, buried, and burned for recycling processes. This paper presents the integrated management system that may increase the efficiency and productivity for collecting and reprocessing waste oil containers such as steel can and plastic container. The integrated management system consists of collection and transportation process management system and confirmation and certification process management system for waste oil containers.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.811-816
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• 2002

Waste heat exhausted from seven types of the domestic industry was surveyed, which include food, fibre, paper & wood, chemical, ceramics, metalworking and others. The databases of waste heat for each industry were made by using ACCESS software of Microsoft, and data were analyzed to get correlation between waste heat and purchase energy. The volume of usable waste heat is estimated to be 9,169,000 TOE in the year of 2000, when the minimum available temperature is set as $100^{\circ}C$ for waste gas, $30^{\circ}C$ for hot water and $100^{\circ}C$ for steam considering the condition of waste heat exhausting facilities and surroundings. This volume of waste heat is approximately 11.9 percent of the purchase energy of the domestic industry.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.329-345
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• 2023

This paper described a method for analyzing the structural performance of a metal container used for disposing radioactive waste generated during the decommissioning of a nuclear power plant, and numerical analysis results of a method for reinforcing the container. The containers to be analyzed were those that can be used in near-surface and landfill disposal facilities scheduled to be operated at the Gyeongju radioactive waste disposal facility. Structural reinforcement of the container was performed by lattice reinforcement, column reinforcement, and bottom plate reinforcement. Accordingly, a total of 14 reinforcement cases were modeled. The external force causing damage to the container was set equivalent to the impact of a 9-m fall, accounting for the height of the vault at the near-surface disposal facility. The reinforcement methods with a high contribution to the structural performance of the container were concluded to be lattice and column reinforcements.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.531-537
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• 2023

Municipal solid waste landfills are unpredictable bioreactors which in cases of mishandling and bad supervision presents numerous risks. The key to municipal waste landfills is to approach them from the point of prevention of the possible consequences, which means using methods of organized waste disposal, and also utilizing landfill gas, as an unavoidable consequence with disposal of municipal solid waste with a high share of biodegradable organic matter. This paper presents an overview about problems of solid municipal waste management, type and composition of waste, and an overview of waste management condition. Further, the problem of landfill and landfill gasses is described with the calculation models of landfill production, as well as the use of the SWM GHG Calculator and LandGEM software on a specific example of gas production for the central zone at Sarajevo landfill "Smiljevici". Main focus of this thesis is the analysis of potentials of greenhouse gas emission reduction measures from the waste management. Overview of the best available techniques in waste management is presented as well as the methodology used for calculations. Scenarios of greenhouse gas emission reduction in waste management were defined so that emissions were calculated using the appropriate model. In the final section of the paper, its description of the problem of collection and utilization the landfill gas at the sanitary landfill "Smiljevici", and implementation of the system for landfill gas collection and solution suggestion for the gasification and exploitation of gas. Energy, environmental and economic benefits can be accomplished by utilizing municipal solid waste as fuel in industry and energy and moreover by utilizing energy generation from landfill gas, which this thesis emphasizes.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2018

The municipal solid waste (MSW) management system in one of the Class II Indian cities i.e. Rishikesh was studied and analysed to identify the key issues in solid waste management in the city. A total of 329 solid waste samples from 47 households were collected to characterize the household solid waste (HSW). The average (HSW) generation rate was 0.26 kg/c/d and it was composed of organic waste (57.3%), plastics (14%), paper (10.9%), and glass and ceramic (1.3%) and other materials (16.5%). There was an inverse relationship between household waste generation rate and family size (p < 0.05). The MSW management system practiced in Rishikesh is unsound. There is no waste segregation at source, no provisions of composting and no recycling by formal sector. The collection and transportation of waste is inadequate and inappropriate. Collected waste is dumped in open dumping site without scientific management. Following are some recommendations for developing a sustainable solid waste management system in Rishikesh city: (1) sensitize people for segregation at source; (2) promote reduction, reuse and recycling of wastes; (3) promote community based composting; (4) provision for 100% door to door collection and; (5) formalize the informal sectors such as rag pickers and recycling industries.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.279-284
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• 2006

Activated carbon is proposed as a new application of wastepaper recycling other than the paper-making. Waste kraft bag is considered to be a suitable raw material for activated carbon because of its low ash content. Small pellets of wastepaper squeezed out from the continuous kneader were carbonized in a nitrogen atmosphere and activated using carbon dioxide. The BET specific surface areas of activated carbon prepared from waste kraft bag was $1,285m^{2}/g$, which is higher than commercially available activated carbons. The activated carbon prepared from wastepaper has a well-developed porous structure, particularly in mesopore and macropore ranges. As a result, activated carbon with iodine adsorption capacity of 1,400 mg/g was obtained from waste kraft bag. In this paper, adsorption amount of Bisphenol A (BPA) was determined to investigate adsorbability of activated carbon from waste kraft bag. Adsorption measurements were on solutions ranging from $0.1{mu}g/L\;to\;100mg/L$. The activated carbon from waste kraft bag gave higher BPA adsorbabilities over a wide range, compared with commercially available activated carbons.