• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to provide a design and operation technical guideline for meeting the appropriate design criteria to biogas utilization treating organic wastes. In accordance with the government's mid-to long-term policies on bio-gasification and energization of organic wastes, the expansion of the waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities is being remarkably promoted. However, because of the limitation of livestock manure containing low-concentration of volatile solids, there has been increased in combined bio-gasification without installing new anaerobic digestion facilities. The characteristics and common problems of each treatment processes were investigated for on-going 11 bio-gasification facilities. The seasonal precision monitoring of chemicophysics analysis on anaerobic digestor samples was conducted to provide guidelines for design and operation according to the progress of biogas utilization. Consequently, Major problems were investigated such as large deviation of organic materials depending on seasons, proper dehumidification of biogas, pretreatment of hydrogen sulfide, operation of power generation and steam. This study was conducted to optimize biogas utilization of type of organic waste(containing sewage sludge and food waste, animal manure), research the facilities problem through field investigation.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2019

Biogasification is a technology that uses organic wastes to reproduce as environmental fuels containing methane gas. Biogasification has attracted worldwide attention because it can produce renewable-energy and stable land treatment with prohibit from landfilling and ocean dumping of organic waste. Biomethane is produced by refining biogas. It is injected into natural gas pipeline or used transportation fuel such as cars and buses. 90 bio-gasification facilities are operating in 2016, and methane gas production is very low due to it is limited to organic wastes such as food waste, animal manure, and sewage sludge. There are seven domestic biomethane manufacturing facilities, and the use of high value-added such as transport fuels and city-gas through upgrading biogas should be expanded. On the other hand, the rapid biogasification of organic wastes in domestic resulted in frequent breakdowns of facilities and low efficiency problems. Therefore, the problem is improving as technical guidance, design and operational technical guidance is developed and field experience is accumulated. However, while improvements in biogas production are being made, there is a problem with low utilization. In this study, the problems of biomethane manufacturing facilities were identified in order to optimize the production and utilization of biogas from organic waste resources. Also, in order to present the design and operation guideline of the gas pretreatment and the upgrading process, we will investigate precision monitoring, energy balance and economic analysis and solutions for on-site problems by facility.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.213-217
• /
• 2008

The objective of this research is to investigate the leaching characteristics of unregulated heavy metals such as Ni, Zn, Ba, Be, Sb, Se, V in specified waste. 108 waste samples which were taken from the representative facilities emitting hazardous substances, were analyzed. The rate of leaching of heavy metal was measured using an official test method. From the results, wastewater treatment sludge and dust contained much Ni, and Zn was detected in all samples. Dust and waste catalyst producted from petroleum-refining process tended to reveal V in high concentration. Ba, Be, Sb, Se showed low concentration, but require additional analyses of waste generated at different industries.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.659-663
• /
• 2001

In Japan, the municipal solid waste, which amounts to 50 million tons, is generated every year and most of it is incinerated. The bottom and fly ashes are disposed to the registered disposal areas under the provisions of The Waste Disposal and Public Cleaning Law. Especially, as the fly ash from the municipal waste incineration (the primary fly ash) contains heavy metals (lead, zinc, etc) and dioxins, it cannot be disposed directly without decontamination, such as moiling, cementation, chelating and dissolving processes provided in the law. However, these procedures for decontamination, except melting, are not enough for dioxins. Even in case of melting, the fly ash from the process (the secondary fly ash) contains high concentration of heavy metals (e.g., Zn; 1-20%, Pb; 1-10%). For these reasons, Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MMAJ), a governmental organization, started a four-year project to develop the treatment technologies of these fly ashes in 1999. The purpose of the project is to establish the integrated technologies to recover the valuable metals from, and to decontaminate, the primary and secondary fly-ashes in the practical scale by utilizing the existing metallurgical processes and facilities, along with the energy saving and the reduction of the environmental impact.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.497-502
• /
• 2003

Landfill is an widely applied alternative for clearance of non-contaminated waste or slightly contaminated waste generated from nuclear facilities. In this study, exposure dose is estimated for a worker and a resident at the landfill area in Young-gwang nuclear power plant. Based on evaluated dose, clearance concentrations of each radionuclide are determinated for dose criteria of 10 $\muSv/y$. The results of age-dependent dose are 1.02 $\muSv$ per year for resident and 0.471 $\muSv$ per year for worker. Clearance concentrations for each radionuclide are evaluated from $1.33{\times}10_{-1}$ Bq per gram to $2.85{\times}10^2$ Bq per gram.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.223-236
• /
• 1999

Recently, the need of wast incineratory has been recognized. However, the waste incinerator is considered the typical example of NYMB syndrome as a locally unwanted facilities. Therefore, the site selection of waste incineratory should be determined very carefully with consideration of various location factors. The purpose of this study is to provide a new decision-making process model for site selection that provides a rational and a systematic way. The fuzzy set theory and AHP theory, which have merits to overcome uncertainly and complexity of spatial data, are applied to select candidate sites for the waste incineratory. The method is able to produce a more flexible and objective solution for selecting suitability sites in comparison to rigid boolean logic. The result of this study shows that geographic information systems have clear implication for informing the spatial decision making process.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.164-171
• /
• 2011

The objectives of this study are to propose a suitable treatment facility for waste energy recovery after analyzing the waste generation and disposal situation in Jejudo, to establish the plan to install the solar photovoltaics and wind power plant considering the site conditions and finally to establish the environmental energy town plan in conjunction with the existing facilities. The food waste biogas plant is selected as the treatment capacity of 200 ton/day. It is estimated that the biogas plant will produce the electricity of 7,594 MWh per year, which will reduce the greenhouse gas of 4,177 $tCO_2$ per year. The solar photovoltaics and wind power plant will produce the electricity of 13,410 MWh per year, which will reduce the greenhouse gas of 7,375 $tCO_2$ per year. Environmental energy town will give us the reduction of operating cost by centralized treatment of residues and byproducts, and by efficient utilization of produced energy.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 2006

This study was performed to develop an analytical method in specified wastes for preventing the environmental pollution from hazardous wastes. Few analytical methods were developed using the waste standard reference materials of sludge, waste oil, bottom ash, etc. which contain As, CN, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Hg compounds. The pre-treatment method was considered by whether or not the synchronous analysis is possible. Waste samples obtained from the 34 representative facilities, which are emitting the hazardous substances, were analyzed.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.135-158
• /
• 2015

An efficient management system of mercury-containing waste was designed by reviewing the management and treatment of spent fluorescent lamp in Korea and foreign countries. According to Waste Management Act in Korea, mercury-containing wastes from households are classified as municipal solid wastes even though mercury-containing wastes pose hazardous risks. In general, hence, mercury-containing wastes from households are not being managed properly because those wastes from households were not classified as specific wastes (or hazardous wastes). Some mercury-containing wastes are managed as a mandatory target item in waste charge system and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system under Act on Promotion for Saving and Recycling of Resources. An efficient management plan of mercury-containing wastes can be derived with an improved collection system, designating disposal sites and advanced treatment facilities for spent fluorescent lamps. Finally, the role of each agent involved from collection to disposal of mercury-containing wastes was suggested to establish the efficient management system for mercury-containing waste.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.93-105
• /
• 2018

In Korea, a huge amount of radioactive concrete waste will be generated through decommissioning of nuclear facilities in the near future; therefore, optimum technology for the treatment of concrete waste should be reviewed thoroughly and the future direction of technology development should be discussed. In this paper, many domestic and foreign examples of generation of radioactive concrete waste were pieced together and the characteristics of radioactive concrete waste were examined. Moreover, we reviewed trends in technology development by analyzing the examples of various studies and practical applications of treatment technologies, such as mechanical decontamination, chemical decontamination, volume reduction, recycling and solidification, and also tried to understand the limitations of existing technologies and determine a direction for technical improvement.