• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 1998

Colorants were prepared by extraction of natural indigo which was harvested just in the blooming season(in the late of July). 100 g of fresh leaves soaking in 1 ιwater was kept at 3$0^{\circ}C$, 30 hours. A solution of 3g/l calcium hydroxide was added into it to precipitate dye substance and it was freezing-dried into powder form. The fermentation and dyeing conditions were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows; K/S value of dyed silk fabrics of fermentation conditions was higher at 95$^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. than at 4$0^{\circ}C$ for 20 hours. Furthermore, K/S value of dyed silk fabric was raised by the addition of 5g/l of glucose and 5g/l of NaOH. K/S value of dyed silk fabric was raised by the addition of 5g/l of glucose and 5g/l of NaOH. K/S value increased as extending of dyeing time when dyed till 2 hours at 3$0^{\circ}C$. K/S value decreased in order of 3$0^{\circ}C$, 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 5$0^{\circ}C$, at the various dyeing temperatures and dyeing concentrations, and colour fastness ranged from 4 to 5 grade in terms of washing, perspiration and light fastness.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 1992

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate, by means of a questionaire, the parental awareness of the emergency management of avulsed teeth in children. 297 parents were surveyed during a six week period at Yooseuk elementary school in Seoul. The results indicated that the person who experianced a avulsion of teeth was 16.6%. 35% of parents would attempt replantation of an avulsed tooth but further questioning showed they did not know the correct procedures. 36% of parents were unaware of adequate time for emergency dental services. 62% of parents felt they should seek professional help urgently following an avulsion injury, but their knowledge of transport media for the tooth was poor. Only 8% of parents knew that milk was the medium of choice for both washing and transporting an avulsed tooth. 76% of parents surveyed had never received advice in what to do in the event of an accident where a tooth was avulsed. This study revealed the need for educational campaigns aimed at parents to increase their knowledge of the emergency procedures required when a tooth is avulsed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the proper dyeing condition, color fastness and functionality of silk fabrics dyed with Zizania latifolia Turcz. FT-IR spectrum analysis suggests that colorants of Zizania latifolia Turcz. are tannins. The dyeing of the silk fabrics using Zizania latifolia Turcz. was very good even without pretreatment or mordanting treatment. Optimal dyeing conditions of silk fabrics were colorant concentration of 200%(o.w.f.), dyeing temperature of $100^{\circ}C$, dyeing time of 60 minutes and dyebath pH of 5.5. Color fastness of dyed silk fabrics to washing, rubbing, perspiration and light was 4~4-5, 5, 4~4-5(acidic), 4-5(alkaline) and 2 respectively. UV protection rate and deodorization rate of silk fabrics dyed with Zizania latifolia Turcz. were improved. Reduction rate(Staphyloccus aureus) of silk fabrics was excellent at 98.3%. As a result, it was confirmed that the Zizania latifolia Turcz. could be used as an eco-friendly functional natural dye.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to develop eco-friendly, functional towel material utilizing cotton-Modal-chitosan blended(C-M-CH) yarn and natural dyeing with mugwort colorants. Dyeing properties of towels with mugwort colorants were studied by investigating the effect of dyeing conditions including concentration of mugwort colorants, dyeing temperature, and dyeing time, and the effects of mordants on dye uptakes were investigated. The C-M-CH towel showed better dye uptake than 100% cotton towel with mugwort colorants. The shade of towels got darker and red-yellowish tint increased by mordanting. Comparing with 100% cotton towel, the colorfastness of dyed C-M-CH towel was satisfactory showing above 3 grade which is the lowest grade to washing fastness. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and deodorization performance of towels were excellent and improved by dyeing with mugwort colorants. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the cotton-Modal-chitosan blended towel dyed with mugwort colorants can be used practically for an eco-friendly and multi-functional towel materials with excellent absorbance and drying properties.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.249-257
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• 2019

Baker's yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used as a biocatalyst for eco-friendly indigo dyeing and the reducing power of yeast according to the alkaline solution type was compared. NaOH solution, lye, and buffer solution were used as alkaline solutions. The reducing power(K/S value, oxidation/reduction potential(ORP), pH) was monitored according to the elapsed time including the initiation of reduction, peak reduction, and the end of reduction. In all alkaline solutions, it was confirmed that yeast can be used reducing agent in indigo reduction dyeing. The pH stability and reducing power of buffer solution was better than that of NaOH alone. Although, pH and ORP stability of the reduction bath in lye were better than that of buffer solution, K/S value in buffer solution was higher compared to lye. The reducing power was different depending on the starting pH of the dye bath, and it was better when starting at pH 10.70 than at pH 11.30. Fastnesses to washing, rubbing, and light were relatively good with above rating 4. There was no significant difference in colorfastness depending on the type of alkaline solutions.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.449-456
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• 2003

A robot system was developed to pick desired colony. This robot system consisted of an image acquisition process which acquires the image information of colony, an illumination device which irradiates the object once when it gets the image of it, a picking head, a replicating head, a bed for fixing well-plates, and a sterilization device of sterilizing pin stained with colony. Picking pins were washed in an ultrasonic wave washing for takes ten seconds. Picking pins were dipped for sterilizing in alcohol for ten seconds. The time for resterilizing picking pins in a heater was five seconds. This performance test resulted 100% success rate for both the colony picking and the colony replication process. Considering the procedure in which 8 pins were smeared by colony, picked on a well plate, and sterilized as one cycle, the system could carry out one cycle in 110 seconds. It took about 138 minutes to pick around 600 colonies.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2002

Most of physical therapists has thought be exposed themselves to risk of hospital infection but it is reported that have been low concern about infection management. Above like this haven t done systematical education on hospital infection, also physical therapist's information management of infection disease is found very low. It is lack of driving information about disease condition of the patients. Physical therapists has thought their working room may be polluted a lots of micro-organism(%). The control situation of infection waste articles, only 53% responded that the controller has managed very intensive so we can feel to need more intensive It's reported that air culture investigation of physical therapy room has never initiated. To wash the hand, before, after treatment of the patients of physical therapist, is very low frequency. And 73% have responded that the time to wash the hand stays 15-45 second. It is examined that 70% physical therapy room is equipped with washing system, a response of 58% disinfects physical therapy room 1-2times per one month. 36% responded disinfection of treatment modality have done everyday, 25% responded have never done. The location physical therapy room is above one floor - 65%. A response of 57% is ventilation system sufficiency, it is considered that physical therapists needs more efforts on management of hospital infection.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.650-661
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data for determining contents of Fundamental Nursing Practice and developing desirable bedside nursing techniques for clinical nursing areas. Subjects for this study were 86 nurses who were employees of two university hospitals located in Seoul and a district area. Data were collected by questionnaires. Items of Fundamental Nursing Practice were classified into 72 items according to the result from content analysis of 9 textbooks of Fundamental Nursing. The results are as follows : 1) Items which above 80% of respondents practiced during the school inside practice or clinical nursing practice course were axillary temperature measurement, radial pulse measurement, respiratory rate measurement, application of oral hygiene, hand-washing technique, application of hot and cold bags, intramuscular injection technique, open bed-making, soap enema method, application of nelaton catheterization and oral and nasal suction methods. 2) Above 90% of respondents replied that all items except temperature measurement and bed-making were requisite contents for Fundamental Nursing Practice. Above 10% of respondents replied oral and rectal temperature measurement and bed-making were unnecessary content. 3) Above 90% of respondents replied that operating methods of all items except isolation technique, admission and discharge procedures, and retention enema in the Fundamental Nursing Practice course and clinical situation were consistent. The main reasons that respondents did not apply methods which they learned in the Fundamental Nursing Practice course to the clinical situation were 'insufficient time', 'colleagues were using different methods', 'insufficient supply of instuments' or 'inappropriate appliances'.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.383-388
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• 2014

This study was examined the physical characteristics (geometry, yield strength, thousand-seeds weight, true density, and moisture content) required for mechanization-related technologies such as (harvesting, washing, transport, and drying). Large differences in the size and shape of boxthorn berries(Jangmyeong, Bullo, Chungmyeong, and Hokwang) are used to analyze these physical properties. The average diameter, volume, surface area, and sphericity rate are calculated using long and short diameters of the boxthorn berry according to its variety. Hokwang has the largest measured surface area, and Bullo, the smallest. Average yield strength is 1.78 kPa and the mechanical pressure of soft boxthorn berries is not more than 1 kPa. Bullo has the highest true density. The optimum drying time for the measurement of moisture content is 4 hours at the drying temperature of $100^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1082-1087
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• 2006

BAC backwashing process in ozone-BAC advanced water treatment process was experimentally studied. The operation and performance of backwashing were evaluated by measuring the effects of water temperature and water input rate on the backwashing interval and duration, and also the change of the amounts of biofilm and HPC in treated water before and after backwashing. The experiments were carried out with the pilot scale test module built in a existing water treatment plant, and the following results were obtained. Longer backwashing time than that of design operating condition was needed for satisfying the suitable turbidity of washing water effluent. Depending on water temperature, 7 days of backwashing cycle was recommended for the period lower than $15^{\circ}C$, and 10 days for the period higher than $15^{\circ}C$. After backwashing, the amounts of biofilm and HPC decreased to 1/10 and 80%, respectively.