• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of three factors - children's age, sex and parental feeding styles - on children's self-help skills. The subjects were 213 children and their parents who lived in Kwanak-ku, Seoul. The three-way analysis of variance was employed. The main results were as follows: 1. Children's autonomy was varied significantly according to their sex. Girls do better by themselves than boys do in toileting, washing and drying hands, putting on and buttoning up a coat, putting on clothes, washing and drying their faces. Children's autonomy also varied significantly according to age. A majority of the autonomy subsets increased as the children's ages increased. However, drying their hands with a towel, removing their coats, and drinking water did not vary by age. 2. Children's autonomy also varied significantly according to their parents' feeding style. A responsive feeding style encouraged children to drink water by themselves. 3. The group with the highest score in self-help skills in toileting was 6-year-old girls, and the group with the lowest score was 3-year-old boys. Additionally, the groups with the highest scores in toileting were 4-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated a neglective feeding style, 5-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated an authoritative feeding style, 5-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated a responsive feeding style, 3-year-old boys whose parents demonstrated a responsive feeding style and 6-year-old boys whose parents demonstrated a neglective feeding style. Conversely, the groups with the lowest scores in toileting were 3-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated an authoritarian feeding style, 5-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated a neglective feeding style, and 3-year-old and 6-year-old boys whose parents demonstrated an authoritarian feeding style. 4. The group with the highest score in removing their coats was girls whose parnets demonstrated authoritative, responsive or neglective feeding styles. The group with the lowest score in removing their coats was boys whose parents demonstrated authoritative or neglective feeding styles.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 1997

This study was done to analyze the health behavior of 5.166 elementary students from a urban city. They were students in grades 4. 5 and 6 attending five elementary schools which were selected from a city close to the capital city of Seoul. Health behaviors were measured using a questionnaire which was developed by WHO and was used by European countries. The data was managed and analysed using DBASE and SAS computer programs. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Eating behavior $\cdot$ Having Breakfast : Male students who were older had a higher number reporting having no breakfast(p< .05) $\cdot$ Taking Supplements : Older students had a higher number reporting taking nutrition supplements(p<.05) $\cdot$ Drinking milk: Female students had a lower number reporting drinking milk (p<.05). $\cdot$ Taking snacks : Female students who were older had a higher number reporting taking snacks(p< .05). $\cdot$ Drinking boiled water Male students had a lower number reporting drinking boiled water(p<.05). 2. Using seat belt Female students who were older had a lower number reporting using seat belt(p<.05). 3. Smoking : Male students who were younger had a higher number reporting experience with smoking(p <.05). 4. Personal hygiene $\cdot$ Washing hands before meals : Male students who were younger had a lower number reporting washing hands before meals(p<.05). $\cdot$ Brushing teeth: Male students had a lower number reporting brushing teeth(p<.05). 5. Reading distance : Younger students had a higher number reporting near reading distance(p<.05). 6. Exercise: Female students who were younger reported less exercise(p<.05). 7. Sewage Managing : Male students had a lower number reporting separating of garbage according to recyclability(p<.05).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.621-630
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• 2013

This study, after education for nursing students through texts on hand washing, PPT materials and practices, will investigated the types of the subjects' attitude toward hand washing and attempt to provide basic data needed for nursing education and nursing practice program. As the methods of this research, Q methodology was applied, and 20 sophomores in the Department of Nursing Science as P-sample from October 8, 2012 to October 15, 2012 were asked to distribute Q-sample of 9-point Q-sample distribution, and the collected data were processed with principal factor analysis method by the PC QUANL program. As a result of the research, their attitude toward hand washing was classified into 3 types. The three factors extracted all had eigenvalues greater than 1.0 and explained approximately 56.67% of the variation in responses 40.41%, 10.14% and 6.11% respectively. Type 1 was the ones with the increased number of hand washing; Type 2 was the ones who recognize the need of hand washing education; and Type 3 was the ones who dry hands after washing. In conclusion, the significance of the classification of the types of the attitude after the hand washing education is that with the development of programmes of nursing education and nursing practice, individualized intervention strategies should be differently provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the health risk behaviors, mental health and subjective health status of adolescents in multicultural families and monocultural (Korean) families. This study was conducted to prepare basic data for education and policy proposals related to health promotion of adolescents in multicultural families. Methods: The study was a secondary analysis using the raw data of the 15th Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2019). A complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to understand the influence of growing up in a multicultural family on health risk behaviors, mental health and subjective health status by comparing the variables to those of monocultural adolescents. Results: Adolescents from multicultural families had a 3.3 times higher rate of drug use experience, 1.89 times higher rate of sexual experience, and 1.24 times higher rate of not wearing seat belts. In addition, the rate of not washing hands and the rate of suicide attempts were 1.34-1.50 times and 1.62 times higher, respectively, compared to adolescents from monocultural families. Conclusion: This study showed that it is necessary to develop appropriate health promotion programs to solve the problems of drug use, sexual intercourse, not wearing seat belts, not washing hands, and attempting suicides, which are more prevalent among adolescents from multicultural families than from monocultural families. It will serve a basic policy for the long-term development and growth of Korea at this critical time when multicultural adolescents are increasing.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.471-477
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• 2007

Purpose: Hydrofluoric acid(HF) is one of the most dangerous mineral acids with dissociated fluoride ions. As hydrofluoric acid is present in various household products(such as rust removers), a large population of industrials is at the risk of HF exposure. It is a very strong organic acid, used widely in glass etching, metal washing, and in the semiconductor industry. Even when using adequate safety measures, lack of care on the user's part results in chemical burn by HF. Symptoms caused by HF-induced chemical burns shows delayed manifestations resulting in a loss of proper treatment opportunities. We therefore reviewed 20 cases of HF-induced chemical burns and treatment principle. Methods: The objects of this study were 19 male patients and 1 female treated from March 2004 to March 2006. There were 19 cases of injury on digits and 1 on the wrist area. There were 15 cases of immediate treatment after sustaining HF-induced burns, and 5 cases of delayed treatment. As a principle, in the emergency treatment, partial or complete removal of the nail along with copious washing with normal saline was done, depending on the degree of HF invasion of the distal digital extremities. Results: The 15 cases who came to the hospital immediately after the injury were healed completely without sequelae, and those who delayed their treatment needed secondary surgical measures, due to the severity of inflammation and necrosis of the digital tissues. Conclusion: As the industrial sector develops, the use of HF is increasing more and more, leading to increase in incidences of HF-induced chemical burns. When treating chemical burns caused by HF, washing by copious amounts of normal saline, along with early removal of the nails, rather than calcium gluconate, seems to be a available method for preserving the shape and function of the digits and the nail. The education of patients regarding this subject should be empathized accordingly.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.849-863
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to study dental hygiene department students' management of infection and their attitude toward infection. Methods : This study was conducted from August 24, 2009 to September 20, 2009. 269 sophomore and junior college students enrolled in the department of dental hygiene from schools located in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted. Results : 1. As for dental hygiene department students' recognition of the causes of infectious diseases, 80.7% of the respondents said hepatitis B was the infectious disease highly likely to occur in laboratories. 35.3% was correct about the antecedent variables of infection in the workshop, 24.9% about the oral symptoms of HIV and 18.6% about the diseases induced by HBV. The recognition rates were generally low. 2. About whether the respondents ask patients questions about infectious diseases, 80.7% of them answered Yes, but only 56.2% of them said they do so every time, and 17.8% of them said they never do so. 3. As far as washing hands to prevent infectious diseases is concerned, 97.4% of the respondents said hand washing helps prevent infection. 72.5% of them said they wash their hands every time before they practice on a patient, while 84.0% of them said they washed their hands after the lab practice. 90.7% said they use liquid soap containing anti-microbial agents, and 81.8% of them said they use paper towels. 4. With regard to protective gear for prevention of infectious diseases, 98.9% of the respondents said it is desirable to use disposable protective gear for each patient. When it comes to what they actually used as protective gear, 91.1% said aprons, 89.2% gloves, and 87.7% masks. However, a low percentage of the respondents actually use goggles and replace masks when they got damp, 11.2% and 24.2% respectively. Conclusions : As for treating the surface of equipments to prevent infectious diseases, most of the respondents exhibited a high recognition rate. Relative fewer respondents actually treat the surface of equipments than those respondents who are aware of the need to do so. A high percentage of the respondents also said they use alcohol sponge to treat the surface of each equipment in order to prevent infectious diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.737-747
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• 2002

The purpose of this study aimed to evaluate the elderly women's preference to purchase, wear and launder underwear. After having one-to-one interviews with 567 elderly women who they were over 60 in their age in Incheon during the winter of 2000/2001, the differences of their preferences to practicability, economic/comfort, esthetic, symbolic, brand and service were analyzed by SPSS Win pack. When they bought their underwear, they were interested in its practicability most but not its esthetic, brand and service. The more learned and richer economically they were, the shorter sleeves and pants underwear thor had preferences to wear. Most of them wear underwear to keep warm during winter, but some of them wear habitually. They frequently boiled their underwear after washing in warm water with hands. From these tendency underwear for the elderly women should be specified both in bust circumference and in the length of sleeves or pants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the dietary habits of boarding high school students in Gangwon based on gender and stress levels. Questionnaires were distributed to 571 boarding high school students and collected from 491 students from June 28 to July 20, 2011. The statistical data analyses were completed using SPSS (ver. 19.0) for the descriptive analysis, independent sample t-test and $X^2$-test. The mean stress score was 23.7 out of 40, and male's stress was significantly higher than female's (p<0.05). The rates of having daily breakfast and dinner were significantly influenced by gender (p<0.01), and the regularity of lunch was significantly different depending on the stress level (p<0.05). Female students consumed less flour based foods (p<0.01), carbonated drinks (p<0.01), juices (p<0.05) and functional drinks (p<0.01) than male students, but male students consumed less cookies and breads (p<0.01). Dietary habits that boarding high school students should improve were an unbalanced diet (38%), too much intake at once (17%) and prejudice against foods (11%), and their primary value in dietary life was preference (33%), followed by staving off hunger (18%) and pleasure (18%). The average level of interest in dietary life was 2.46 (on a Likert-type 3-point scale) and it was significantly higher for female students (2.53) than male (2.40) (p<0.05). About 54% of students washed their hands before a meal when they thought of it, but only 25% of students always scrubbed up. The regularity of breakfast and dinner, frequency of snack intake, dietary habits that need to improve, intrest in dietary life, and washing hands before meals showed significant difference by gender but not by stress levels.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.468-478
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• 2009

This research was performed to provide basic data for the development of infection related dental hygiene studies by surveying the current condition of recognition among students in the department of dental hygiene toward hospital infection management while receiving the following results by using a personal self-administered survey method targeting 303 students in the department of dental hygiene from certain areas. 1. With the current condition of recognition on the sanitization and sterilization of instruments among students in the department of dental hygiene(study), the rate at which surgical instruments are to be sterilized with autoclaves was 79.9% which was relatively higher than other instruments while it was shown that prosthetic instruments for treatment was 56.4%, conservative instruments for treatment was 51.8%, and ultrasonic scaler tip was 51.1% while the way syringe tips(36.1%) and the dental anesthetic apparatus(27.9%) were revealed to require sanitization by alcohol. 2. The 'hand wash' area was the highest with 4.71 while the 'materials and environment management' area and 'equipment management' area appeared high respectively with 4.43 and 4.41. 3. With the current condition of recognition on equipment management, 'equipments used for contagious patients are separately washed after a one-time use and must be sterilized or separated-and-discarded' was the highest with 4.82 while 'sterilization equipments with humidity or water on it are considered contaminated and are not used' showed the lowest recognition level with 3.90. 4. Regarding the current condition of materials and environment management, 'contagious and general trash are separated and discarded' was the highest with 4.70 while 'the refrigerator for medicine storage is cleaned on a regular basis once a month' was revealed as the lowest with 4.11. 5. With the current condition of recognition on hand washing, 'one must wash their hands after coming in contact with contagious patients, was the highest with 4.90 while washing hands after taking off gloves' appeared as the lowest with 4.51 point. To conclude department of dental hygiene there is to infection management and necessary about organization disinfecting and pasteurization to strengthen an education in order raising a stamp helping practical ratio about the infection management which whole, is from presence at a sickbed and connection does and about the infection management which is substantial and educational program development leads feed with the fact that deepening studying which is continuous must become accomplished becomes.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.706-715
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to compare early child care center teachers' attitudes for meal and snack guidance between Sweden and Korea. Participants were 251 early child care center teachers (Sweden: 134, Korea: 117) working in Goetebory, Sweden, and Seoul, Korea. The survey was conducted from December in 2003 to February in 2004. SPSS programme was used for statistical analysis. Sixty five point eight percent of the Korean early child care center teachers provided a certain amount of foods for children. But $20.9\%$ of Swedish provided a certain amount of foods for children, $79.1\%$ of them provided the amount a child wanted. Sixty one point seven percent of Korean teachers allowed a child leave foods on the plate, but $95.5\%$ of Swedish teachers asked a child eat all food on the plate. When a child didn't want to eat, $61.1\%$ of the Korean teachers fed him/her, but $11.0\%$ of the Swedish teachers did. Only $42.4\%$ of the Swedish teachers allowed a children eat sweets, but $92.9\%$ of Korean did. The Swedish teachers' perception for food guidance were eating by child himself/herself > washing hands before eating > having appropriate table manner > eating as talking with friends > not playing during the meal time, while the Korean teachers' was taking various food > having appropriate table manner > eating by child himself/herself, not playing during the meal time > washing hands before eating. The Swedish teachers thought 'eating as talking with friends' and 'eating by child himself/herself' is important, where as the Korean's did 'eating without making noise', 'not playing during the mealtime' in the eating behavior. For 'brushing teeth after meal' the Swedish teachers' score (1.5) was lower than the Korean (4.2). The results is necessary to improve meal and snack guidance for Korean early child care center teachers' education.