• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

1. Objectives: After arranging the contents of the usages of Aconite mentioned in the literature - "Dongmu", a power trend me to further study the details of the usages of Aconite. 2 Methods: This study mainly refers to; "Dongmu-YuGo(東武遺稿)"(DYG), "Donguisusebowon-SaSangchobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)"(DSS), "Donguisusebowon-GabObon(東醫壽世保元甲午本)"(DGO), "Donguisusebowon-ShinChukbon(東醫壽世保元辛丑本)"(DSC), and the research was written in order to find out the physiology and pathology of Soeumin in SCM. 3 Results and Conclusions 1) Taking aconite in a scale of 3 to 15 gram as common dosage, especially, when a person was critically ill, the dosage of 45 gram was used. Different dosages of aconite were chosen in accordance with some other different conditions, such as the purpose of reducing fever or mid-energizer warming, urinary volume, presence or absence of edema, stages of growth of diseases. In addition, we found a remedy using Remedy Single head garlic(獨頭蒜) instead of aconite. 2) Adverse toxic effects of aconite can be serious, it is dangerous to patients who are administered with aconite in massive amounts or take it in different concocting methods, therefore, further evidence about the laboratory experiments studied in animals and clinical dataare needed to confirm the scope for more widespread and accurate usages of Aconite.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.325-338
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• 2012

Currently, there are the technologically urgent needs of fabricating the hyper coal (HC) based on the approach to extracting mainly effective organics from low rank coals (LRCs), because some industrial countries pursue global sustainability dealing with hot issues such as local energy supply security as well as global warming. In this study, as of the fabrication of clean HCs via LRCs upgrading, we comprehensively review the R&D status of two solvent extraction technologies, namely, Ohm heating (OH) and microwave irradiation (MI) extraction processes on the basis of the performance indicator such as a HC extraction yield.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.465-491
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• 2012

Climate change, a result of increasing global warming, has been receiving more public attention due to its serious impact upon many industries. In this study we consider sustainable- (Green-) Growth and Green-Finance, and in particular temperature derivatives, as appropriately active responses to the world's significant climate change trends. We characterize the daily average temperatures in Seoul, South Korea with their seasonal properties and cycles of error terms. We form forecasting models and perform Monte Carlo simulations, and find that the risk-neutral values for CDD call-options and HDD put-options have risen since 1960s, which implies that the trend of temperature increase can be quantified in the financial markets. Contrary to the existing models, the Vasicek model with the explicit consideration of cycles in the error terms suggests that the significant option-values for the CDD call -options above certain exercise prices, implying that there is the possibility of explicit hedging against the considerable and stable increase in temperature.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.11-16
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• 2009

To act and respond to the climate changes and to bring about power-saving in buildings, the changes in the atmospheric data in Korea are recorded and assessed. For the two regions representative of Korea, the data obtained from HadCM3 and actual data are compared and analyzed so as to concretely evaluate and confirm the changes taking place in the cooling and heating degree days in Korea. For the past 40 years, from 1996 to 2005, the number of heating degree days was on the decline and in the two representative regions, between 1980's and 1990's, the number of decrease in the heating degree days had been quite large. The number of cooling degree days showed a trend of increase since the 1970's and just as in the case of heating degree days, the extent of increase was quite large between the 1980's and the 1990's. The results of comparison of the number of heating and cooling degree days, one obtained from the "Korea Meteorological Administration" and another from the HadCM3 data (E127.5,N37.5,E127.5,N35), which is one of the ways of predicting the climate, showed similar trends in the number of heating degree days in the Yeosu area. However, in the case of the number of heating degree days in Seoul and the number of cooling degree days both in Seoul and Yeosu, the differences in the number ranged from a minimum of 300 days to a maximum of 1500 days. This could be attributed to the grid points used in the HadCM3, the differences in the values of latitudes and longitudes of these two locations considered in this study, topographical differences, heat island effect caused by population density etc. and while using the HadCM3, these variables factors must be taken into consideration.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.131-147
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• 2005

Today, a trend that tries to return the artificial space of a river to a natural one is expanding. But in Korea, which lies in the monsoon climate zone, rivers endure flood damage every year. Moreover, climatic change from global warming causes severe variations in precipitation patterns. Until recently, river restoration practices in Korea have followed partial restoration. These restorative treatments transformed artificial structures of the stream to natural ones and introduced natural vegetation by imitating natural or semi-natural streams. Treatment transformed the riparian structure and increased the diversity of micro-topography and vegetation. Furthermore, restoration recovered species composition, increased species diversity, and inhibited the establishment of exotic species. In particular, the Suip stream, which was left to its natural process for approximately 50 years, recovered its natural features almost completely through passive restoration. An urban stream, the Yangjae, and a rural stream, the Dongmoon, were restored partially by applying ecological principles. On the contrary, technological treatment applied to recover flood damage induced species composition far from the natural vegetation and decreased species diversity. Additionally, this treatment increased exotic species. The same results were found also in benthic invertebrate and fish fauna. The above-mentioned results reflect the importance of ecological considerations in river management.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2015

Considering to Energy Storage System (ESS) is a global trend In order to reduce global warming and carbon emissions. South Korea has announced various policies to vitalize the development and uptake of renewable energy. South Korea is planning the cumulative capacity of ESS of two million kW in 2020. According to the government support and development of technology companies, the battery of ESS prices are expected to fall gradually. In this paper, we develop a planning model that take into account the supply expansion of technology of ESS and prices. Based on planning model, we analyze the cost of ESS linked with wind power and the revenue for trading electricity and renewable energy certifications.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.59-75
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• 2012

It is getting difficult to manage water resources in South Korea because more than half of annual precipitation is concentrated in the summer season and its intensity is getting severe due to global warming and climate change. Artificial recharge schemes can be a useful method to manage water resources in Korea adapting to climate change. Patent analysis enables us to prevent overlapping investment and to find out unoccupied technology. In this study, international patent trends and barriers of artificial recharge technology are analysed for patents of Korea, Japan, the United States and Europe. The four artificial recharge methods such as well recharge, surface infiltration, bank filtration and underground structures are classified as main class and the nine sub-technologies such as water intake, water treatment, injection wells, monitoring of groundwater flow, groundwater pumping, surface infiltration/soil aquifer treatment, radial collection well, iron/manganese treatment, and underground subsurface dam are classified as intermediate class. Water intake techniques are subdivided into five classifications. Total 1,281 of patents, searched by WIPS DB tool and selected after removing noisy patents, are analyzed quantitatively to evaluate application trends by year, applicant, country for each classified technologies and analyzed qualitatively to find out occupied and unoccupied technologies. It is expected that upcoming research and development project could be performed efficiently in that an avoidance plan for the similar patents and differentiation plan for the advancing patents are set up based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis results from this research.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.463-477
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• 2003

This study identified the effects of global temperature rise on snowfall change over Korea selecting Seoul, Gangneung, Gunsan, and Daegu as study areas. The trend of snowfall change has generally decreased since 1950s over Korea, but has only increased in Gunsan since 1990s. The variation of snowfall days are similar to those of snowfall. The relationship between snowfall over Korea and the anomaly of global mean temperature in spring has a negative correlation. The change of Siberian High intensity also has a good relationship with snowfall in both Gunsan and Gangneung; the former is positively correlated while the latter is negatively correlated. This result might suggest that if the intensity of Siberian High would weakens due the ongoing global warming in the future, there would be a possibility that the amount snowfall could decrease in Gunsan but it could increase in Gangneung.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2009

In this study we define the two different types of El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$, i.e., the eastern Pacific El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ (i.e., EP-El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$) versus the central Pacific El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ (i.e., CP-El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$), during the boreal summer (June-July-August, JJA) and winter (December-January-February, DJF) using the two NINO indices in the tropical Pacific. The two different types of El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ significantly differ in terms of the location of the maximum anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific. The CP-El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ has been observed more frequently during recent decades compared to the EP-El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$. In addition, our analysis indicates that the statistics of CP-El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ during JJA is closely associated with the warming trend in the central equatorial Pacific. We also examine the different responses of the East Asian marginal SST to the two types of El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ during JJA and DJF. The CP-El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ during both JJA and DJF is concurrent with warm SST anomalies around the Korean Peninsula including the East China Sea, which is in contrast to the EP-El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$. Such different responses are associated with the difference in tropics/mid-latitude teleconnections via atmosphere between the two types of El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$. Furthermore, our results indicate that atmospheric diabatic forcing in relation to the precipitation variability is different in the tropical Pacific between the EP-El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ and the CP-El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.10c
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• pp.226-228
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• 2008

In recent years, the companies of electric power equipment for MV and HV classes trend to develop the eco-friendly insulated(solid, eco-gas, air etc.) switchgear which replaces existent SF6 gas insulated switchgear due to environmental problems such as global warming and so on. This paper makes reference to the newly developed Solid Insulated Switchgear (SIS) which uses the eco-friendly material such as epoxy for insulation. The insulation of the solid insulated switchgear (SIS) is composed of an epoxy, vacuum and air. The solid insulated switchgear (SIS) is a slate of the art product. The advantages of SIS are advanced reliability, economical efficiency, safety, maintenance free, reduction of installation area and the protection of environment. The solid insulated switchgear (SIS) is FE Analyzed such as electromagnetic, mechanical, thermal and fluid in order to find the optimal design. Thens SIS has been verified by international standard test. (IEC 62271 - 100 and so on.) As a result of this, the solid insulated switchgear (SIS) has been estimated as an alternative for eco-friendly MV class switchgear.