• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.2465-2468
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• 2011

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.11-31
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• 2016

Objectives : The goal of this paper is to research what affected diagrams of lung originated from Ming Tang Zang Fu Tu during the time they were changed in. Methods : Diagrams of lung in Traditional Chinese and Japanese medical books had been collected as many as possible. Besides being grouped by Huang Longxiang (黃龍祥)'s classification, they were analysed by 4 form factors, e.g. shape, number, veins and petiole of leafs. Results : Reliability of this methods had been checked on by the correspondence with Huang's 14 standard books, before 29 diagrams of lung were selected from 33 books including 13 books that Huang had already made his proposal. The lobes in most of diagrams resembled 6 lanceolate or long oval leafs, or a maple leaf with 5 indentations. In most of diagrams, veins of leafs were described variously, more or less than 9 nodes often drew in petioles. Conclusions : Suwen (素問), Nan Jing (難經) and Wang Bing would had steadily worked on 29 diagrams of lung, since diagram of lung stemmed from Ming Tang Zang Fu Tu, went out into the world in Zhen Jiu Ju Ying (鍼灸聚英). But they were not drawn through dissection during same periods.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2005

This paper is mainly on the medical comments in ${\ulcorner}$Sanbeon-bang(刪繁方)${\lrcorner}$. Among the medical comments in ${\ulcorner}Sanbeon-bang{\lrcorner}$, the Ojang-noron(五臟勞論) which deals with the Hanyeolheosil(寒熱虛實) of Ojang(五臟) and Yukgeuknon(六極論) which deals with the Hanyeolheosil of 'Geun-Maek-Yuk-Gi-Gol-Jeong(筋脈肉氣骨精)', remain perfectly. By way of these theories, it argues on various types of pathogenic states and syndromes. Related to the Ojang-noron, ${\ulcorner}Sanbeon-bang{\lrcorner}$ suggests a characteristic tonifying method which is 'Exhaustion syndromes should tonify the son organ(勞則補子法)'. It is the supplement of traditional 'Reinforcing the mother organ when treating cases of deficiency(虛則補其母)'. With the Ojang-noron, the comments about 'Samcho(三焦)' remain relatively intact in ${\ulcorner}Sanbeon-bang{\lrcorner}$. The contents are based on ${\ulcorner}$Yeongchu Yeongwisaenghoe(靈樞 營衛生會)${\lrcorner}$, combined the contents of ${\ulcorner}$Nangyeong 31st difficulty(難經 三十一難)${\lrcorner}$ and the meridian line in ${\ulcorner}$Yeongchu Gyeongmaek(靈樞 經脈)${\lrcorner}$. They were quoted untouched in ${\lrcorner}Cheongeumyo-bang{\lrcorner}$ by Son Sa-mak, and became the fundamental structure of Samcho-theory of after ages. Among the medical comments in ${\ulcorner}Sanbeon-bang{\lrcorner}$, there has been much dispute over the problem about 'Chu-Tae-eum(秋太陰), Dong-So-eum(冬少陰)'. This study will pay attention to the connection between Wang Bing's views of ${\ulcorner}Sanbeon-bang{\lrcorner}$ for compilation of ${\ulcorner}Chaju-Hwangje-Naegyeong-Somun{\lrcorner}$ and the original ${\ulcorner}Sanbeon-bang{\lrcorner}$. Judging from this study, Wang Bing may have referred to ${\ulcorner}Sanbeon-bang{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Oedaebiyo-bang{\lrcorner}$ or another medical book of similar stock, and from this he may have reconstructed the attribute of Eum-Yang(陰陽) which is related to Pye and Sin. Wang Bing's disciples may have referred to ${\ulcorner}Sanbeon-bang{\lrcorner}$, or with Wang Do, the writer of ${\ulcorner}Oedaebiyo-bang{\lrcorner}$, building up the main medical current in those days.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.157-174
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• 2011

We derived following result by organizing research about processing of medicinal of before Han(漢) dynesty. The human being intake of natural substance for the purpose of treatment was what happened later than the use of natural substance as food. According to the record of by the early years of Shang(商) dynasty, we can assume that we cooked food with water and fire. The reason why there is no appearance of common production that can be included under the name of 'Tang Ye(湯液)' in the medical record discovered from Ma Wang Dui(馬王堆) is because 'Tang Ye' was yet developed. However, as the presentation of format of medicine process, there was gradual formation of medicinal fluid concept. There are quite of records on major details of cloth manufacture like washing and selection, grinding, processing of medicine from the recordings of "Wu Shi Er Bing Fang(五十二病方)", "Yang Sheng Fang(養生方)", "Za Liao Fang(雜療方)" discovered at Ma Wang Dui. It used words like 'Ze(擇)', 'Qu(去)' for the selection and 'Jiu(酒)', 'Zhuo(濯)' for the wash as a process method before cloth manufacture. When filter the processed medicine, it used words like 'Zhuo(捉)', 'Suo(索)', 'Jun(浚)' and used 'Yin Gan(陰乾)', 'Bao(暴)', 'Yang(暘)' for dry. The 'cutting(切削)' that crushes the medicine used different names based on the properties of medicines. The most frequent crush is 'Ye(冶)' and it means the powered medicine after dry. There was thermal process of mild fire(微火) and heating of 'Wen(溫)'. There are many states of medicine seen from the medical record discovered at Ma Wang Dui so they can be said as original medicine. 藥末劑 is relatively commercialized type then. Here, it includes later 湯劑 but there was no name such as 'decoction(湯)' or 'decoction of medical ingredients(湯液)'. Also, 'Fu Ju(㕮咀)' is the transformation of what was 'Fu Qie(父且)' at "Ja Liao Fang" of medical books of Ma Wang Dui with time flow. The original meaning of 'Fu Qie(父且)' is 'Fu Zu(斧俎)' and it means the crushing medicine with axe. The most important thing among the medical books of Han dynasty is "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(神農本草經)" and "Shang Han Za Bing Lun(傷寒雜病論)" of Zhang Zhong Jing(張仲景). "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" mentioned the dry method of medicine, collection and process production time, cooked and uncooked use of medicine and there are several types of medicine. Other than those, it mentioned 'Seven methods of combining herbs(七情合和)' to address cautions for combining medicines. Therefore, the 'processing of medicinal' in east Han dynasty period entered the theoretical step. However, there is only little recording on cloth manufacture of detailed medicine. From the "Shang Han Za Bing Lun" of Zhang Zhong Jing, the development in the way of 'processing of medicinal' reveled the cloth manufacture for each medicine. This tradition is continued until today and so it presents the development of purpose of 'processing of medicinal' is to greatly present the effect of medicine and to reduce the side-effect.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2001년도 Korean Environmental Mutagen Society
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• pp.46-47
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• 2001

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2013

Objective : This study is about how theory on seven kinds of prescriptions in Yellow Emperor's Cannon of Internal Medicine(黃帝內經) had been developed and how it had been applied for in prescription books or clinical texts. Method : I made a comparison of this theory between prescription books and clinical texts. After it, I investigated the change or development of it. Result : The first explanation about this was made by Wang Bing(王氷). Yu Wanso(劉完素) made up several varieties and meanings of it, Jang Jahwa(張子和) corrected what Yu Wanso added. Besides, someone for example, Wang Hogo(王好古), Yi Cheon(李梴), and so on added new varieties and meanings of odd prescription and even prescription. Conclusion : Theory on seven kinds of prescriptions in Yellow Emperor's Cannon of Internal Medicine had been constantly changed and developed in prescription books or clinical texts.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.291-304
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• 2013

By considering the creep characteristics of concrete core under eccentric compression, a creep model of concrete filled steel tubes (CFT) columns under eccentric compressive loads is proposed based on the concrete creep model B3. In this proposed model, a discrete element method is introduced to transform the eccentric loading into axial loading. The validity of the model is verified by comparing the predicting results with the published creep experiments results on CFT specimens under compressive loading, together with the predicting values based on other concrete creep models, such as ACI209, CEB90, GL2000 and elastic continuation and plastic flow theory. By using the proposed model, a parameters study is carried out to analysis the effects of practical design parameters, such as concrete mix (e.g. water to cement ratio, aggregate to cement ratio), steel ratio and eccentricity ratio, on the creep of CFT columns under eccentric compressive loading.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.312-313
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• 2006

The primary aim pursued by the preparation of separation membrane is the preparation of the membrane thin as well as with no defect. The field-flow fractionation deposition is a new molding technology which can overcome the traditional disadvantages such as multi-preparation to the preparation of great area of separation membrane with no defect. Therefor the mainly ingredients which influence the appearance and performance of titanium membrane layer are investigated by scanning electricity mirror (SEM) as well as porous material testing instrument: powder performance prepared and confected; selection of supporting body; sintering system such as temperature and time. It is shown that the membrane thickness can be controlled at $50{\mu}m$ or so; the filtration precision mainly rests with powder performance and selection of supporting body and little sintering system

• Mycobiology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.297-307
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• 2021

A cordycipitoid fungus infecting Hepialidae sp. in Nepal was supposed to be identical to Cordyceps liangshanensis, originally described from southwestern China, and thus, transferred to the genus Metacordyceps or Papiliomyces in previous studies. However, our multi-gene (nrSSU-nrLSU-tef-1α-rpb1-rpb2) phylogenetic and morphological studies based on the type specimen and additional collections of C. liangshanensis revealed that the fungus belongs to the genus Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae). Therefore, a new combination O. liangshanensis was made, and a detailed description of this species was provided.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.25-41
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• 2012

Objective : Neijingshiyifanglun with additions and emendations was written by Liu Yude, a doctor who lived during Ming period. I researched the origin of the book, and analyzed the features of it as well. I also approximated his birth date and death date. In doing this, I gained a better understanding the practice of medicine in ancient China. Method : I researched the book by comparing its contents, including the causes of diseases, the descriptions of symptoms, the transmissions of diseases, and treatments, with other sources that he had referenced. Result : In understanding Hwangdineijing, Liu Yude was influenced by many medical scholars such as, Wang Bing, Ma Shi, and Wu Kun, but his opinion is most similar to that of Zhang Jiebin. In the field of the Chinese Medical Theory, he was deeply influenced by 'JinYuan-Sidaijia's theories, particularly Li Gao and Zhu Zhenheng. In fanglun, he was greatly influenced by Yifangkao. He concluded that 'aggregationaccumulation' was a disease of stuffiness, and suggested its cure in through 'yangjingzezichu' and 'treatment of blood aspect'. He recognized the disease of 'reversal of qi' as the disease of 'jiaoqi'. He also indicated that the word of 'qi' is not 'rough' but 'tears' or 'yingfengliulei'. Conclusion : 1. He was an excellent medical practitioner and scholar in the history of oriental medicine. 2. He found and corrected errors in the opinions of Wang Bing, Ma Shi, and Wu Kun. 3. He frequently practiced Taipinghuiminhejijufang, and considered Spleen-Stomach, yin-blood, and fire-heat important. 4. He captured the spirit of Huangdisuwenxuanminglunfang, Neijingshiyifanglun, Yifangkao in views of remedy and theory. 5. Neijingshiyifanglun with additions and emendations is the most comprehensive book about fanglun because of its thorough analysis of the Hwangdineijing and its connection to the treatment of ancient diseases in Oriental Medical History.