• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제17권12호
• /
• pp.2818-2825
• /
• 2013

본 논문에서는 MIMO-OFDM 시스템에서 시간영역 훈련신호의 직교화를 통한 채널추정 방법을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 Jeon[8]이 제안한 방법을 그대로 송신 안테나 개수가 4개인 MIMO-OFDM 시스템으로 확장하였을 때 수신기에서 다중경로 지연신호로 인하여 훈련신호가 직교되는 않는 문제점이 있음을 보였다. 이러한 문제점에 대한 해결책으로 훈련신호 중앙에 보호구간을 삽입하는 새로운 훈련신호 발생 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법은 훈련신호들이 서로 직교하기 때문에 수신기에서 Walsh decoding sum기법을 통하여 시간영역에서 채널응답을 추정할 수 있음을 보였다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.453-457
• /
• 2006

Activity and stability of kiwifruit actinidine was determined in various conditions of pH, salt, and temperature using N-${\alpha}$-CBZ-lysine P-nitrophenyl ester as the substrate. Actinidine activity was low below pH 6, and undetectable below pH 3. The enzyme was stable in a pH range of 6.0-8.5. At $4^{\circ}C$ the enzyme was inactive in the presence of greater than 36% vinegar and in 2 M NaCl. Actinidine at $25^{\circ}C$ was unstable in 24% vinegar but stable in up to 3 M NaCl. With regard to freeze-thaw stability, actinidine retained 85% residual activity after being frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. Based on Arrenius and Lineweaver-Burk plots, actinidine became unstable at greater than $45^{\circ}C$ with only 30% residual activity remaining after 6 min. The Km, kcat, and kcat/Km values of actinidine were $56\;{\mu}M$, 67/sec, and $1.2\;{\mu}M/sec$, respectively.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.3-38
• /
• 1996

The mobile station shall convolutionally encode the data transmitted on the reverse traffic channel and the access channel prior to interleaving. Code symbols output from the convolutional encoder are repeated before being interleaved except the 9600 bps data rate. All the symbols are then interleaved, 64-ary orthogonal modulation, direct-sequence spreading, quadrature spreading, baseband filtering and QPSK transmission. The sync, paging, and forward traffic channel except the pilot channel in the forward CDMA channel are convolutionally encoded, block interleaved, spread with Walsh function at a fixed chip rate of 1.2288 Mcps to provide orthogonal channelization among all code channels. Following the spreading operation, the I and Q impulses are applied to respective baseband filters. After that, these impulses shall be transmitted by QPSK. Authentication in the CDMA system is the process for confirming the identity of the mobile station by exchanging information between a mobile station and the base station. The authentication scheme is to generate a 18-bit hash code from the 152-bit message length appended with 24-bit or 40-bit padding. Several techniques are proposed for the authentication data computation in this paper. To protect sensitive subscriber information, it shall be required enciphering ceratin fields of selected traffic channel signaling messages. The message encryption can be accomplished in two ways, i.e., external encryption and internal encryption.

• 수완나부미
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.23-55
• /
• 2023

Just as globalization has many aspects and has developed in various, sometimes contradictory ways with both positive and negative impacts, so too would the reverse process of deglobalization have wide-ranging effects for individuals, communities, and nations. Some parts of globalization began to fray during the coronavirus pandemic (e.g. failing supply chains and disarray in the global shipping industry). Deglobalization would bring about much more significant changes in focusing on local production and consumption, eschewing non-essential flights and international tourism, and replacing personal experience with virtual presence. These impacts would be particularly severe for Vietnam, since its government has placed intensive connectivity with global production at the center of its model for the rapid development on which much of its legitimacy rests and it has joined as many international, multilateral organizations, and protocols as it has been able to do. Through critical analysis of secondary data from a wide range of sources, this paper examines the motivations that people, institutions, and governments might have to pursue deglobalization and then seeks evidence for whether the changes that would bring have started to affect Vietnam. While it is difficult to be too certain about this while the pandemic continues, it is evident that pressures are building in the global north to reconfigure supply chains for greater security, to reduce carbon emissions through regulating long-distance exchanges, and to withdraw from personal contacts. It is argued that a focus on digitalization in economy and society will help to mitigate the negative effects of deglobalization on Vietnam, at least in the medium-term.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.263-270
• /
• 2024

Background: Long-haul truck drivers (LHTD) experience disproportionately greater chronic disease risk, which may be influenced by both occupational and lifestyle factors. This study aimed to explore the multilevel factors associated with LHTD's diet and physical activity (PA). Methods: Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted with LHTD in the Southern California border region. Interview questions captured occupational and lifestyle factors relating to PA and diet at multiple levels and were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Emergent themes relating to both diet and PA included time constraints, attitudes and perceived beliefs, and accessibility of environments to engage in PA and healthy eating. Themes specific to PA were weather conditions and flatbed job duties. Themes specific to diet included access to refrigerators/microwaves and social interactions. Conclusion: Findings from this study can inform the development of tailored, multi-level interventions to encourage PA and healthy dietary behaviors among LHTD.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제39C권2호
• /
• pp.199-208
• /
• 2014

코드 분할 다중 접속 기법은 주파수 선택적 페이딩에 강인하고 높은 주파수 재사용 효율 특성으로 인해 열악한 수중 환경에서의 유망한 매체 접속 제어 기법으로 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 또한 최근 수중 매체 접속 제어기법의 성능 분석이 모의실험을 통해서 뿐만 아니라 해상 및 저수지에서의 실제 실험을 통해 이뤄지고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 수중 코드 분할 다중 접속 기법의 순방향 링크에 대한 트랜스시버를 설계한다. 수조 실험을 통해 코드 분할 다중 접속 기법의 수중 환경 적용 가능성을 검증하며, 수조 실험으로 얻어진 결과를 바탕으로 개선된 성능의 트랜스시버를 설계하고 모의실험과 저수지 실험을 통해 성능 개선을 확인한다. 사용자 데이터는 월시 부호를 사용하여 다중화되며, PN 획득 과정을 통해 위상 오류 정정 및 PN 부호 역확산을 수행한다. 또한 성능 향상을 위해 인터리빙 기법과 높은 오류 정정 효율을 가지는 채널 부호화 기법을 사용한다. 결과적으로 두 개의 다중화 데이터는 모두 오류 없이 복원되었으며, 세 개, 네 개의 다중화 데이터는 15% 이하의 오류율로 복원되었다.

• 전자공학회논문지T
• /
• 제35T권2호
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 1998

광대역 소음의 능동소음제어(Active Noise Control, ANC)에 사용되는 Filtered-X Least Mean Aquares(FXLMS) 알고리즘의 주 결점은 제어 알고리즘의 입력으로 사용되는 필터링된 기준신호가 상관되어 입력신호의 자기상관행렬이 큰 고유치비를 갖게 됨으로써 수렴속도가 느려지는 것이다. 이 상관은 그 원인이 기준센서 신호의 자기상관 때문이거나, 기준신호가 오차경로로 필터링되어서 나타난다. Recursive Least Squares(RLS)와 같은 빠른 수렴속도를 갖는 적응 알고리즘이 존재하지만, 이들 알고리즘은 실 계의 구현을 위해 많은 계산을 필요로 하거나, 각 샘플마다 제어기의 최적화가 필요한데, 이는 매우 심각한 제한조건이다. 본 논문에서는 빠른 수렴의 속도를 갖으면서 FXLMS와 근사한 연산량을 갖는 제어알고리즘을 제안한다. 이 알고리즘은 수렴속도를 느리게 하는 상관성을 줄이기 위해 이산 Walsh 변환을 사용하는 변환영역 FXLMS이다. 제안한 알고리즘을 광대역 능동소음제어 시스템에 적용, 모의시험한 결과 FXLMS의 문제점인 고유치비가 약 1/40으로 줄어드는 성능 개선 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 방송공학회논문지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.302-310
• /
• 2006

국내 위성 디지털 멀티미디어 방송 (DMB : Digital Multimedia Broadcasting)의 전송 표준방식은 DS-CDM-QPSK 방식으로 위성중계기와 지상중계기 (Gap-filler)를 통하여 다채널 고품질의 멀티미디어 방송 서비스를 제공할 수 있다. 그러나 다중 경로 페이딩 채널 환경에서는 방송 채널을 식별하는 Walsh 부호간의 직교성이 상실되고 다중 채널 간섭 (MCI : Multi-channel Interference)이 증가하여 수신 성능이 저하된다. 본 논문에서는 위성 DMB의 수신 성능을 향상시키기 위해 탭 선택 알고리즘을 사용한 칩 등화 수신기를 제안하고 기존의 Rake 수신기와 수신 성능을 비교 분석한다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제51권9호
• /
• pp.468-473
• /
• 2018

Purinergic receptor signaling is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of inflammation. The P2X family purinergic receptors P2X5 and P2X7 have both been implicated in bone biology, and it has been suggested recently that P2X5 may be a significant regulator of inflammatory bone loss. However, a role for P2X5 in periodontitis is unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the functional role of P2X5 in ligature-induced periodontitis in mice. Five days after placement of ligature, analysis of alveolar bone revealed decreased bone loss in $P2rx5^{-/-}$ mice compared to $P2rx7^{-/-}$ and WT control mice. Gene expression analysis of the gingival tissue of ligated mice showed that IL1b, IL6, IL17a and Tnfsf11 expression levels were significantly reduced in $P2rx5^{-/-}$ compared to WT mice. These results suggest the P2X5 receptor may regulate bone loss related to periodontitis and it may thus be a novel therapeutic target in this oral disease.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
• /
• pp.1133-1133
• /
• 2001

Fruit sweetness, as indexed by total soluble solids (TSS), and fruit acidity are key factors in the description of the fruit eating quality. Our group has been using short wave NIR spectroscopy (SW-NIR; 700-1100 nm) in combination with chemometric methods (PLS and MLR) for the non-invasive determination of the fruit eating quality (1,2). In order to further improve calibration performance, we have investigated SW-NIR spectra of sucrose and D-glucose. In previous reports on the band assignment for these sugars in the 1100-2500 nm spectral region (3-7), it has been established that change in concentration, temperature and physical state of sugars reflects on the shape and position of the spectral bands in the whole NIR region(5-7). The effect of change in concentration and temperature of individual sugar solutions and sugar spiked Juice samples was analysed using combined spectroscopic (derivative, difference, 2D spectroscopy) and linear regression chemometric (PLS, MLR) techniques. The results have been compared with the spectral data of a range of fruit types, varying in TSS content and temperature. In the 800-950 nm spectral region, the B-coefficients for apples, peaches and nectarines resemble those generated in a calibration of pure sucrose in water (Fig. 1). As expected, these fruits exhibit better calibration and prediction results than those in which the B-coefficients were poorly related to those for sugar.(Figure omitted).