• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.329-339
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• 2017

충돌제트는 제트가 충돌하는 정체 영역에 매우 높은 열전달을 제공하기 때문에 다양한 분야에서 적용되고 있다. 그러나 제트가 벽면에 부딪친 후 벽면 제트에 의해 야기되는 충돌 챔버 내의 횡방향 유동은 여러 개의 제트로 구성된 배열제트인 경우 하류에 있는 제트 유동을 방해하거나 휘게 할 수 있으며, 이로 인해 배열 충돌제트의 냉각 성능은 감소하게 된다. 파형 구조는 하류 제트에서의 횡방향 유동영향을 줄이기 위해 인접한 충돌 제트 사이에 있는 파형 속에 사용된 냉각 공기를 유입시키는 역할을 하며, 이러한 파형 구조에서의 유동 및 열전달 특성에 대해 수치해석을 수행하였다. 3차원, 정상상태, 비압축성 유동으로 고려하고 해석하였으며 ANSYS-CFX 15.0 코드를 사용하였다. 파형 구조의 형상 변수가 배열 충돌제트의 횡방향 유동 억제에 미치는 영향을 제시하고 분석하였다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2005

The present study has been performed to investigate the influences of rectangular fins on heat transfer in an impingement/effusion cooling system with crossflow. To simulate the impingement/effusion cooling system with initial crossflow, two perforated plates are placed in parallel and staggered arrangements with a gap distance of 2 times of the hole diameter. The crossflow passes between the plates, and various rectangular fins are installed on the plates. Reynolds number based on the hole diameter is fixed to 10,000 and the flow rate of crossflow is changed from 0.5 to 1.5 times of that of the impinging jet. A naphthalene sublimation method is used to obtain the heat/mass transfer coefficients on the effusion plate. Also to analyze the flow characteristics, a numerical calculation is performed. When rectangular fins are installed, the flow and heat transfer pattern is changed greatly from the case without fins. In the injection hole region, the jet impinges on effusion plate without deflection and wall jet spreads symmetrically. In the effusion region, the crossflow accelerates due to the decrease of cross-sectional area in the channel. Local heat/mass transfer coefficients are enhanced significantly compared to the case without fins. As the blowing ratio increases, the effect of rectangular fins against the crossflow becomes more significant and then the higher average heat/mass transfer coefficients are obtained than the case without fins. However, the increase of blockage effect gives more pressure loss in the channel.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2004년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.289-296
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• 2004

The present study has been performed to investigate the influences of rectangular fins on heat transfer in an impingement/effusion cooling system with crossflow. To simulate the impingement/effusion cooling system with initial crossflow, two perforated plates are placed in parallel and staggered arrangements with a gap distance of 2 times of the hole diameter. The crossflow passes between the plates, and various rectangular fins are installed on the plates. Reynolds number based on the hole diameter is fixed to 10,000 and the flow rate of crossflow is changed from 0.5 to 1.5 times of that of the impinging jet. A naphthalene sublimation method is used to obtain the heat/mass transfer coefficients on the effusion plate. Also to analyze the flow characteristics, a numerical calculation is performed. When rectangular fins are installed, the flow and heat transfer pattern is changed greatly from case without fins. In the injection hole region, the jet impinges on effusion plate without deflection and wall jet spreads symmetrically. In the effusion region, the crossflow accelerates due to the decrease of cross-sectional area in the channel. Local heat/mass transfer coefficients are enhanced significantly compared to case without fins. As the blowing ratio increases, the effect of fins against the crossflow becomes more significant and then the higher average heat/mass transfer coefficients are obtained than the case without fins.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2015

본 연구는 콘크리트 마감재로써 골재노출 콘크리트를 개발하기 위한 일련의 실험이다. 실험변수로는 고강도 및 일반강도의 물-시멘트비별 당류계 지연제의 살포량 및 세척시기 변화가 물씻기 공법을 이용한 골재노출 콘크리트의 품질에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 물-시멘트비 25%는 세척시점 0.75일, 물-시멘트비 35%와 55%는 1일, 65%는 1.5일에 당류계 지연제를 $24m{\ell}/m^2$ 살포하였을 때 가장 효과적이며 양호한 골재 노출의 표면이 연출되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 청정기술
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2021

4 HP, 80 LPM 급 초미세기포수 발생장치를 탑재한 도로 구조물 세척차량을 이용하여 도시 내 아파트 단지 주변 차량 통행이 많은 터널 내 콘크리트 표면과 타일 벽면을 세척하였다. 초미세기포 생성은 대기 중 공기를 2 ~ 3 LPM 으로 기액혼합 자흡펌프로 가압된 공기를 임펠러 회전력을 이용하여 마이크로 크기의 미세기포(fine-bubble)를 생성한다. 생성된 기포를 다단충돌판과 회전 노즐을 통과하면서 평균 직경 크기는 164.5 nm, 6.81 × 107 particles mL-1의 초미세기포(ultrafine bubble)를 생산하였다. 생산된 초미세기포를 함유한 세척수는 압력 150 bar, 토출량 30 LPM 으로 도로 구조물 표면에 흡착된 분진을 고압세척 분사하여 제거하였다. 분석실험은 세척 전과 후로 구분하여 표면에 흡착한 분진을 ISO 8502-3의 표면 오염 측정방법을 적용하였으며, 테이프 흡착으로 분진 입자를 채취하였다. 수집된 테이프는 중량법과 소프트웨어 ImageJ를 적용하여 분진의 무게와 입자 개수에 대한 제거율을 산정하였다. 실험 결과, 타일 벽면 표면에 흡착된 분진 입자 개수는 세척 전과 후로 각각 3,063 ± 218 particles mL-1, 20 ± 5 particles mL-1, 중량은 580 ± 82 mg, 13 ± 4 mg 으로 나타났다. 콘크리트 구조물 표면에서의 입자개수는 세척 전과 후로 각각 8,105 ± 1,738 particles mL-1, 39 ± 6 particles mL-1이었으며, 중량은 1,448 ± 190 mg, 118 ± 32 mg으로 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.3874-3897
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• 2023

A high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model for the lower plenum of the High-Temperature Test Facility (HTTF), a ¼ scale test facility of the modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor (MHTGR) managed by Oregon State University. In most next-generation nuclear reactors, thermal stress due to thermal striping is one of the risks to be curiously considered. This is also true for HTGRs, especially since the exhaust helium gas temperature is high. In order to evaluate these risks and performance, organizations in the United States led by the OECD NEA are conducting a thermal hydraulic code benchmark for HTGR, and the test facility used for this benchmark is HTTF. HTTF can perform experiments in both normal and accident situations and provide high-quality experimental data. However, it is difficult to provide sufficient data for benchmarking through experiments, and there is a problem with the reliability of CFD analysis results based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes to analyze thermal hydraulic behavior without verification. To solve this problem, high-fidelity 3-D CFD analysis was performed using the LES model for HTTF. It was also verified that the LES model can properly simulate this jet mixing phenomenon via a unit cell test that provides experimental information. As a result of CFD analysis, the lower the dependency of the sub-grid scale model, the closer to the actual analysis result. In the case of unit cell test CFD analysis and HTTF CFD analysis, the volume-averaged sub-grid scale model dependency was calculated to be 13.0% and 9.16%, respectively. As a result of HTTF analysis, quantitative data of the fluid inside the HTTF lower plenum was provided in this paper. As a result of qualitative analysis, the temperature was highest at the center of the lower plenum, while the temperature fluctuation was highest near the edge of the lower plenum wall. The power spectral density of temperature was analyzed via fast Fourier transform (FFT) for specific points on the center and side of the lower plenum. FFT results did not reveal specific frequency-dominant temperature fluctuations in the center part. It was confirmed that the temperature power spectral density (PSD) at the top increased from the center to the wake. The vortex was visualized using the well-known scalar Q-criterion, and as a result, the closer to the outlet duct, the greater the influence of the mainstream, so that the inflow jet vortex was dissipated and mixed at the top of the lower plenum. Additionally, FFT analysis was performed on the support structure near the corner of the lower plenum with large temperature fluctuations, and as a result, it was confirmed that the temperature fluctuation of the flow did not have a significant effect near the corner wall. In addition, the vortices generated from the lower plenum to the outlet duct were identified in this paper. It is considered that the quantitative and qualitative results presented in this paper will serve as reference data for the benchmark.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2010

연직 슬릿 유공벽에서의 정합조건에는 투수 매개변수가 포함되는데, 보통 투수 매개변수는 두 가지 방법으로 계산이 가능하다. 하나는 투수 매개변수를 유공벽에서의 에너지 소산 계수와 제트의 길이로 나타내는 방법으로서, 관련된 모든 변수를 알고 있다는 점에서 장점을 가지고 있으나, 장파의 영역에서 옳지 않은 결과를 초래하는 단점이 있다. 다른 하나는 투수 매개변수를 마찰계수와 관성계수로 나타내는 방법으로서, 단파부터 장파까지 모든 영역에서 올바른 결과를 나타내지만, 반사계수, 투과계수 등에 대한 관측치와 계산치 사이의 최적적합에 기초하여 마찰계수를 결정해야 한다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 유공벽의 유공율 및 두께, 수심 등 기지의 변수로 마찰계수에 대한 경험식을 제시하였다. 이렇게 함으로써 최적적합 과정을 거치지 않고 마찰계수를 직접 산정할 수 있도록 한다. 경험식을 구하기 위하여 수리실험을 실시하였으며, 다른 연구자들의 결과를 함께 사용하여 경험식을 제시하였다. 제시된 공식을 이용하여 상부는 커튼월이고 하부는 연직 슬릿 유공벽으로 되어 있는 커튼월-파일 방파제의 반사계수 및 투과계수를 계산하였다. 실험치와 계산치가 잘 일치함을 보임으로써 제시한 경험식의 적합성을 검증하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.260-269
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• 2000

Oil-film flow visualizations and three-dimensional flow measurements have been conducted in the downstream region of a butterfly-type valve used in air-conditioning systems, with the variation of a disk open angle. The flow visualizations in the flow symmetry plane show that there are a pair of counter-rotating separation/recirculation zones as wall as two jet-like near-wall flows. These flow disturbances are strongly depends on the disk open angle. Based on the flow visualization, a qualitative flow model is suggested in the near-field and downstream region of the valve disk. For a small disk open angle, the mean velocities and turbulent intensities have relatively small values in the near-field of the valve disk, but they do not show uniform distributions even in some downstream region. With an increment of the disk open angle, mean velocity variations and turbulent intensities are greatly increased in the immediate downstream region, but uniform distributions are quickly resumed as departing from the valve disk. The mass flow rate remains nearly constant for the disk open angles less than 30 degrees, meanwhile it strongly depends on the disk open angles between 45 and 75 degrees. The pressure loss is found to be about zero for the disk open angles less than 45 degrees, but is substantially increased for those larger than 75 degrees.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2010

The centrifugal oil purifier is used in ships for purifying the engine lubrication oil. The momentum needed for the rotation of the cylindrical chamber is obtained by jet injections. The dust particles in the oil are separated by the centrifugal forces moving to the inner wall of the rotating cylindrical chamber body. The dust particles are eliminated when the particles are adsorbed onto the surface of the inner wall of the chamber body. The flow characteristics and the physical behaviours of particles in this centrifugal oil purifier have been investigated numerically and the filtration efficiencies have been evaluated. For the calculations, a commercial code has been used and the SST k-${\omega}$ turbulence model has been adopted. The MRF (Multiple Reference Frame) method has been introduced to consider the rotating effect of the flows. Under various variables, such as particle size, particle density and rotating speed, the filtration efficiencies have been evaluated. It has been verified that the filtration efficiency is increased with the increments of the particle size, the particle density and the rotating speed of the cylindrical chamber.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.16-23
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• 1996

In case of a high-speed D.I. diesel engine. the injected fuel spray is unavoidable that the impinging on the wall of piston cavity and in this case the geometry of piston cavity has a great influence on the atomization structure and air flow fields. In the field of combustion and in many other spray applications, there are clear evidence of correlation between spray structure and emission of pollutants. Ordinary, the combustion chamber of driving engine have unsteady turbulent flow be attendant on such as the change of temperature, velocity and pressure. So the analysis of spray behavior is difficult. In this study, a single spray was impinged on each cavity wall at indicated angle in a quiescent atmosphere at room temperature and pressure, as being the simplest case, and 3 types of piston cavity such as Dish, Toroidal and Re-entrant type was tested for analyzing the influence of cavity geometry. And hot wire probe was used for analyze non-steady flow characteristics of impinging spray, and to investigate the behavior of spray, the aspects of concentration c(t), standard deviation $\sigma(t)$ and variation factor (v.f.) was measured with the lapse of time.