• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1996.06b
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• pp.13-17
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• 1996

This paper presents animation techniques and issues involved in virtual environments where the participants interact with each other through a network. The state of the participant should be recognized at each local site, and broadcast to the other sites. Because information exchange is minimal, animation techniques are applied to convert the incoming low DOF parameters into high DOF joint angles that completely determine the configuration of the agents at each frame. As a case study, a software system VRLOCO is introduced, which has been developed by the author over the last five years. From a simple stream of body center positions, VRLOCO generates realistic curved path human locomotion in real-time. Based on the heading direction and speed, the locomotion automatically switches among five different primitives: walking, running, lateral stepping, backward stepping, and turnaround. The techniques presented here proved robust and faithful: the algorithm is not sensitive to the noise in the data, and the resulting animation conforms well with the original data.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2017.03a
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• pp.511-515
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• 2017

Various walking robot platforms have been developed to carry out missions such as explorations, pass of obstacle or inspections of dangerous environments. In this work, a four legs mechanism based on Jansen mechanism is developed, which can trace a certain line. In order to maximize the tracing speed, mechanism design is performed in multiple phases using m.sketch, EdisonDesign and Arduino programs. In design process, control of power path and optimization of the locus of legs(GL/GAC) are found to be most important. A prototype model is constructed and test run to check the validity of the design optimization.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.298-306
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• 2013

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the fields of video surveillance and mobile object tracking. This paper proposes a mobile object tracking algorithm. First, several parameters such as object window, object area, and expansion-contraction (E-C) parameter are defined. Then, a modified E-C algorithm for multiple-object tracking is presented. The proposed algorithm tracks moving objects by expansion and contraction of the object window. In addition, it includes methods for updating the background image and avoiding occlusion of the target image. The validity of the proposed algorithm is verified experimentally. For example, the first scenario traces the path of two people walking in opposite directions in a hallway, whereas the second one is conducted to track three people in a group of four walkers.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 1998

This study has been designed to explore how the types of housing life-style relate to the preferences of internal and external spaces among multi-family housing residents. Data were collected by questionnaire self-administered to 278 female residents living in multi-family housing over 20s pyong (66$m^2$) in the Kwangju area. General linear model/Duncan-test, and $x^2$-test were used in analyzing the data. In the preferences of internal space, there were significant differences in the needs of an indoor garden, exercise spaces, and a front balcony and in the concept of the living room and the dining-kitchen by types of housing life-style. In the preferences of external spaces, there were significant difference in the preferred type of housing, the preferred residential area, and in the need of an individual storage space and a walking path by types of housing life-style.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2016.03a
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• pp.501-505
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• 2016

In this study, a robot is implemented in H/W based on four-bar linkage mechanism and Jansen mechanism. Our goal is to finish the given path using given terms. The various programs was used to understand the mechanism in more detail. DISON m.Sketch, EDISON Designer, Theo Jansen Mechanism Optimization Solver. Using these programs, we can design the robot in more dtails and reduce errors and trials. For the design and implementation of a robot, it is need to get joint variable, a foot point, and their relation. Thus, the proposed kinematic analysis is very important process for the design and implementation of legged robots.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.23-31
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• 2022

Mobile robot intelligence refers to planning the path of robots to move indoors and outdoors and establishing a physical action plan that can be driven safely and smoothly according to the surrounding environments' structures. This report introduces technical issues in mobile robot intelligence. Furthermore, we describe the latest mobile intelligence technology of four-legged walking, logistics, and agricultural robots. Finally, we discuss mobile robot intelligence research prospects and its potential for solving real-world problems.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.381-397
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• 2001

In the patients with hemiplegia caused by stroke and TBI. postural sway is increased and open displaced laterally over the non-affected leg, reflecting asymmetry in weight bearing on lower extremities during standing balance. Recovery of symmetric weight bearing and postural stability is an important aim in physical therapy. Plastic AFO has been used for hemiplegic patients in order to help their abnormal walking patterns. Past studies have mainly focused on the AFO influences on hemiplegic walking patterns without balance function approaches. The purpose of this study was to identify the immediate effects of plastic AFO and shoes on the static balance in hemiplegic patients. The scale for static balance were weight bearing on affected leg(%), sway area(mm2), sway path(mm), maximal sway velocity(mm/s), anteroposterior sway angle($^{\circ}$ ), and lateral angle($^{\circ}$ ). Seventeen hemiplegic patients participated in this study: 13 men and 4 women, with an average age of 50.18 years. Static balance was measured using BPM(balance performance monitor; dataprint software version 5.3) under four standing condition namely bare-foot standing. standing in shoes, standing with AFO, and standing in shoes with AFO. In order to assure the statistical significance of the results, an one-way ANOVA, the independent t-test. and a pearson's correlation were applied at the .05 level of significant. The results of this study were as follows: 1) There were statistically significant differences in weight bearing(%) on the static balance between affected leg and non-affected leg(p<.01). 2) There were statistically significant differences in sway reverse frequence(Hz) in standing with AFO between affected leg and non-affected leg(p<.05). 3) Sway area(mm2) on standing in shoes with AFO was lower than bare-foot standing(p<.05), Lateral sway angle($^{\circ}$ ) on standing in shoes with AFO was lower than bare-foot standing and standing in shoes(p<.05). 4) Weight bearing in affected leg was not significantly correlated with postural sway.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.58-72
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• 2003

Rooftop greenery has been used as a way to solve urban environmental problems by creating green space in densely populated cities. This study was carried out to suggest more effective designs for roof-garden at hospitals through a post-occupancy evaluation. The roofgarden of Asan Medical Center was evaluated with regards to setting, proximate environmental context, users, and design activity by a multi-method including plan investigations, observations, in-depth interviews and questionnaires. The results are summarized as follows; the users' main activities included resting, walking, and talking. A number of users were observed at shaded spaces sitting on such things as benches, pergolas, and shelters. The satisfaction of the users showed high satisfaction level except in the amount of shade, facilities, and shelter. The variables affecting a overall satisfaction were ‘accessibility’, ‘safety’, ‘quality of surroundings’, and ‘suitability for speculation’. By comparing the design concept with using pattern, designer's intention was not reflected sufficiently in several aspects such as ‘event deck for therapy programs’, ‘grove and path’, and ‘low planters’. This study suggests some design implications; it is necessary to furnish shaded sitting places for passive behaviors and pathways for walking or a light exercise. A wind-break wall with glass windows could widen the users' views in a limited space. Natural shade like tree shade or pergola are more desirable than artificial shades. As for the vertical location of the roofgarden, the middle floor could be better than top area for accessibility. Characteristics of building and users should be considered in detail to provide distinct spaces. Proper technical standards for the greening of artificial ground should be established.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2016

The accuracy of small and low-cost CCD cameras is insufficient to provide data for precisely tracking unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This study shows how a quad rotor UAV can hover on a human targeted tracking object by using data from a CCD camera rather than imprecise GPS data. To realize this, quadcopter UAVs need to recognize their position and posture in known environments as well as unknown environments. Moreover, it is necessary for their localization to occur naturally. It is desirable for UAVs to estimate their position by solving uncertainty for quadcopter UAV hovering, as this is one of the most important problems. In this paper, we describe a method for determining the altitude of a quadcopter UAV using image information of a moving object like a walking human. This method combines the observed position from GPS sensors and the estimated position from images captured by a fixed camera to localize a UAV. Using the a priori known path of a quadcopter UAV in the world coordinates and a perspective camera model, we derive the geometric constraint equations that represent the relation between image frame coordinates for a moving object and the estimated quadcopter UAV's altitude. Since the equations are based on the geometric constraint equation, measurement error may exist all the time. The proposed method utilizes the error between the observed and estimated image coordinates to localize the quadcopter UAV. The Kalman filter scheme is applied for this method. Its performance is verified by a computer simulation and experiments.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.463-469
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• 2020

People enjoy more leisure time these days as the government introduced the workweek last year and there is a growing interest on living healthy life. Amidst such change in society, trekking in forest has gained popularity along more people spending leisure time by walking for health. As a result, there are many scenic trails being built using wood deck. Usually certain parts of trails are built with wood deck where the path maybe too dangerous for walking or where nature needs to be protected. However wood material used for deck is easily prone to defects which can lead to safety issues. This study aims to understand the differences by materials used for wood deck and to investigate a link between different materials used and causes for defect occurrence. And further, the study aims to identify materials and construction methods for high workability and safety. The study was able to conclude that different materials used and different construction methods of applied for wood deck yield different results in terms of workability and defect occurrence.