• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.419-429
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of women's body somatotypes by direct measurements. Through the classification of degree of obesity and silhouette, women in their 20s who have a great interest in body somatotype can grasp their real somatotype and recognize their obesity rate and silhouette easily. The results are as follows: 1. Average sizes of subjects for this study were: height 160.3cm, weight 52.2kg, bust 83.7cm, waist 65.7cm, hips 91.1cm. And average values of each body mass index were: BMI 20.3, Rohrer Index 1.27, Vervaeck Index 84.8. 2. For the BMI value, the Average Numeric Index of normal somatotype was the highest, 76.9%. The Rohrer Index of underweight somatotype was 34.3% and the Average Numeric Index was 1.12. In the Vervaeck Index, underweight somatotype was 35.7%, and the average Numeric Index was 79.1, while the overweight somatotype was 7.4% of the Vervaeck Index and 100.8 of the Average Numeric Index. So the index which had the largest range of normal values from the same subjects, was the BMI, then the Rohrer Index, and finally, the Vervaeck Index in that order. 3. In the result of sorting bodies with silhouettes, when drop value were used to sort, N type (normal somatotype) was 69.4%, H type (one has similar sizes in waist size and hips) was 20.4% and A type (one has big hips) was 10.2% in that order. Among people in their early 20s, A type was 12.1%. H type was high, 22.8%, among women in their late 20s. When Sinozaki's method of classifying body types was used, ideal somatotype was 86.6%, A type was 7.4%, I type was 5.6% and X type was 0.5%. Women in their late 20s showed higher rates of ideal somatotype, the rates of A type and I type were lower than women in their early 20s.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.963-970
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop torso pattern of underweight female in their 20s~30s by using Clo 3D virtual garment simulation system. The results were as follows; first, as a result of analyzing torso somatotype, underweight women showed lower average than average values of whole women in their twenties and thirties in the items such as length, width, circumference, thickness except for height. Second, by using 3D virtual garment simulation, new torso pattern considered underweight female was development. The basic numerical formula were as follows ; bust girth B/2+3.5, armhole depth B/4+0.5, front waist girth W/4+0.5+0.7, back waist girth W/4+0.5-0.7, front hip girth H/4+1+0.5, back hip girth H/4+1-0.5, chest width B/6+3.1, back width B/6+4.5, neck width B/12+0.2 and neck depth B/12+1.7. Third, by reducing hollowed amount of front, back, and side line, and hollowed amount of back center line, the reduced quantity was included to darts amount. Number of dart was adjusted to two pieces so that darts amount was equally distributed to two darts. Forth, according to the results of the new torso pattern's appearance evaluation, it estimated more highly than existing pattern in silhouette and ease amount, confirming that new torso pattern was appropriate for the underweight women. This study is expected to serve as one of important basic data for ensuing studies that may utilize 3D virtual garment simulation system with 2D patterns, and also for future 3D pattern production program development.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.17-33
• /
• 2015

This study aimed to develop basic pants patterns reflecting somatotype characteristics of the women in their 20s. In order to develop basic pants patterns for women in their 20s, wearing tests were conducted. With the results of wearing tests, drafting methods were applied by using regression equation for the parts that were found to improper. For the parts where regression equation was not applicable, the results of wearing tests were applied. The results and the conclusion of development of basic pants patterns for women in their 20s were as follows. The waist height was applied for the regression equations of waist to hip length, crotch length, and knee length, and the hip circumference was applied for the regression equations of front leg opening. Also, back leg opening, front knee width and back knee width were calculated based on the front leg opening. For the waistline the ease of 2cm was added, and for the hipline the ease of 4cm was added. H/16 - 1cm was applied for the drafting of front crotch width, and H/8 was applied for the drafting of back crotch width. Pants patterns for women in their 20s on the methods mentioned above were tested for the $2^{nd}$ research wearing tests, and they received good ratings on the items and demonstrated that the developed pants patterns had excellent body fit.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.15-34
• /
• 2007

This study held a questionnaire for men in their 60s or above to analyze the market research of slacks, understand the characteristics of their lower body types, and provide the basic data for the slacks pattern-making fitting the body types of senior citizens. The findings are as follows. According to the results of a questionnaire, elderly men preferred order-made slacks for better fitness, but they favored ready-made owing to the matter of prices. In particular, the girth of waist was the most considered when purchasing. However, as most customers tended to repair slacks length and the waist part, their unsatisfaction with sizes was rather high. In body measurements, elderly men had higher variable coefficients or more individual differences in the items of thickness and angles than in those of height, length, and girth. Factor analysis revealed 5 front and 6 side factors. According to the results of front-side somatotype analysis, pimento-flat, trapezoid-flat, and bent-flat types require narrower pattern designs in down-upper width than the middle-aged class. In addition, pimento-protruded hip and straight-jar types need to be designed in the same amount as in the middle-aged class. Based on the questionnaire results, down-upper length as 1cm above real dimensions was analyzed to have superior sense of wearing.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.777-786
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the perception of men's lower body shape in the 60s with that in the 20s. On hundred and seven men in the 60s and 178 men in the 20s participated in the survey and measurements. The results were as follows : 1. It was perceived that men in the 60s had broader girth but lighter weight than men in the 20s. The research revealed that men in the 60s was more satisfied with their lower body shape than men in the 20s. 2. It was also found that the ideal size of men in the 60s was broader in the girth of their waist and hip, shorter in their height, and lighter in their weight compared to men in the 20s. 3. It showed a difference in the satisfaction with their body shape between men in the 60s and the 20s. The satisfaction with their lower body shape of men in the 60s was more affected by their perception than by their real measured size. On the other hand, the satisfaction of men in the 20s was affected by their perception as much as by their measured size. 4. If we look at the perception and satisfaction in relation with their body types, we found that there was a difference in the girth of their waist, abdomen, hip, and weight depending on their body types. And men in the 20s showed greater differences in their perception and satisfaction depending on their body types, compared to men in the 60s. 5. The measured size of men in the 20s had greater differences depending on their body types than that of men in the 60s. On the contrary, the ideal size of men in the 60s had greater differences than that of men in the 20s.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.39 no.7
• /
• pp.661-673
• /
• 2006

Ssireum, the traditional Korean sport, is very popular at both amateur and professional levels. Ssireum players are prone to be obese which related to the chronic disease in their later life. The purpose of the study was to compare the anthropometric measurements, quality of diet, and blood parameters of Ssireum players with those of subjects who were matched body mass index, gender and age. Participants in the 3 groups, Ssireum players (SP, n=15), regular moderate exerciser (RME, n=15, >3 times /wk, >20 min/time) and intermittent light exerciser (ILE, n=14) groups. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, fat mass (by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), lean body mass, triceps and thigh skin-fold thickness, mid-arm, waist, hip and thigh circumference. Dietary assessments were accomplished using 3-days food records, diet quality index (DQI), dietary variety score (DVS). Blood levels of lipids, leptin and insulin were analyzed. As a results lean body mass and mid-arm circumference were significantly higher in Ssireum players than those of other groups (p<0.01). Total body fat, trunk fat, abdominal skin fold thickness and waist-hip ratio were significantly lower in SP group than those of other groups (p<0.01). DVS were higher however, dietary quality was low in Ssireum players than in other groups. There were no differences among the 3 groups in regard to blood total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and glucose levels however, leptin level was low in Ssireum players. These results indicate that Ssireum players had significantly higher lean body mess and lower body fat when these were compared with regular moderate exerciser and intermittent light exerciser. Blood leptin levels of Ssireum players were low but blood lipid profiles were not significantly different.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 1981

Clothing must have the individual beauty and the function that one can do one's body movement freely. therefore, from the human engineering view point, the exact measurement of the human body and the analysis of it's results must be applied to clothing because the arm works most. In this study, the skin surface of arm was investigated by shell made of Alginate of each movement. And by sometic method the rate of expansion and contraction of each section, inter-relation among the bust girth, axillary arm girth and scye girth and between the shoulder length right and the under axilla waist length were calculate4d. With these results, cap height, breadth of a sleeve and arm hole girth of existing sleeve pattern have been compared and analysed. The results are as follows; 1) According to the developmental figures of shell, the whole area change was small but that of shape was remarkable in M 4, 9, 13. The change of the Block 1 was particular. 2) Over arm length was contracted in all movements except M6 and under arm length expanded. The changes of sections a, b, c are large, while those of sections d, e are small. 3) In terms of latitudes, change of fore-arm region was small. The rate of scye girth varied from 14.3% of M13 to-5.6% of M2. The breadth of a sleeve expanded in all movements, and especially the front region expanded more than the back. 4) The relation between the shoulder length right and under axilla waist length, in all occasions, was contracted mutually, and one contracted, the other expanded. Therefore, in clothing construction when we consider the function of the arm it is better to widen the arm hole and the breadth of a sleeve at the same time than no widen the shoulder length by lowering the upper part of the upper side seam line.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.62 no.3
• /
• pp.84-95
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data reflecting body characteristics for production of briefs by classifying lower body types of women in their 40s, 50s and 60s. The results are as follows: First, measurements for height-related items decreased while the measurements for width and depth items increased with age. However, 'hip width' and 'hip depth' items showed no significant differences among the age groups. In addition, no visible differences appeared in the length items among the age groups but 'waist to hip' and 'outside leg' lengths showed decreasing values according to age. Second, four factors were established from the factor analysis: 'obesity level around waist and abdomen', 'vertical length of the lower body', 'thickness and obesity level of lower limbs', and, 'size and shape of buttocks'. Lastly, cluster analysis resulted in the classification of the four factors mentioned above. Type 2 appeared the most, representing women in their 40s~60s. Type 1(n=257) was referred as 'slender with a short lower body', Type 2(n=443) as 'plump with short lower body', Type 3(n=224) as 'slender with long lower body', and Type 4(n=199) as 'obese around abdomen and lower limbs'.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.255-265
• /
• 2014

This study developed and proposed a pattern that can fit the body and compensate for the defects of the body type by applying shoulder princess line to the torso pattern and including formative characteristics of each object on the study of body shape's change in 40-59 year old middle aged women. The results of this study are as follows; First, according to the analysis of 'Size Korea 2010' such as average, standard deviation, minimum value, and maximum value of 48 items, women showed increase in most of the items except height as they became aged. Second, factor analysis was made to understand the shape component factors of middle aged women and to use them for the body type classification. Third, cluster analysis was made according to the shape of front and sides which should be considered in pattern production based on the factor analysis results, and the body type with the measurement values most similar to the average of direct measurement of 'Size Korea 2010' was set as standard. Fourth, in designing torso patterns through the $1^{st}$ and the $2^{nd}$ wearing experiments according to the body type, body shapes such as Chest Circumference, Waist Circumference, Hip Circumference, and Waist Back Length were considered in pattern design, goodness-of-fit was enhanced with difference in margin according to body type and different margins in front and back, and fitting satisfaction was improved by applying princess line.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.1035-1049
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was specifically focused on the lower garment sizing system of adolescent apparel, especially on trousers for adolescent boys. Research Method was performed by using the physical measurements of adolescent boys ($14\sim19$ years old, n=1,344) based on the 'he fifth Korean national physical standard reports' surveyed by SIZEKOREA. The basic materials for this study are obtained from the observations of physical characteristics and classification of physical figures based on the characteristics from waist down. The results from this study are as follows. 1) according to the analyses of physical changes, most items including height, circumference, length, breadth and depth were increased at the age of $14\sim18$ and gradually reduced at the age of 19. 2) The factors which compose the lower body resulted were appeared that the first factor was vertical factor, the second factor was horizontal factor, the third factor was hip length, and the last factor was buttlock-popliteal length. 3) Formalization of physical figures for adolescent boy's lower body analyzed from factors grouped three types. 4) The basic parts that we used to propose the apparel sizing system distinguished by physical figures were Waist Circumference (Omphalion) (every 3cm regular gap) and Hip Circumference (irregular gap). Physical figures assigned 5 to Type T, and 4 to type M. The reference measurement items were divided into 7 items which are correlated with apparel manufacture.