• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.221-231
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• 2012

To find the differences between the real somatotype and the ideal somatotype, WHR(Waist to Hip Ratio), WCR(Waist to Chest Ratio), and body cathexis were analysed by using ANOVA test, Duncan's multiple range test, and $x^2$ test. Fashion image sought by female collegians was surveyed, too. The results were as follows. WHRs in slim, usual, fat body type were 0.75, 0.76, and 0.83 and WCRs were 0.77, 0.81, 0.80. The respondents who considered themselves to be overweight recognized themselves to be fatter than their real weight. They were not satisfied with their bust girth in slim body type, thighs and calves in usual body type, and all parts except for foot length, hand length and arm length in fat body type. 60% of the thin people considered their body hourglass shape, 30.4% of regular people recognized their body triangle type, 43.8% of fat people thought their body was round form. They thought current ideal body size was bigger in height and bust girth and smaller in waist girth and hip girth, and weight than real body size. Also they responded ideal body shape was an hourglass type independent of somatotype. The pursuit of clothing image was that 45.5% of female collegians were fashionable and raffine and 10.4% of female collegians was elegant and graceful. Among the body area, body parts that may have an effect on body image were body length in 13.1% of the respondents, waist girth in 10.7% of the respondents, and hip girth in 10.0% of the respondents.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2004

Background: Recently obesity has become a social problem in all over the world including Korea. It is known that obesity is closely related with cardiovascular disease. Many studies are carrying out in the relation between several obesity indices, such as body mass index(BMI), waist-circumference(WC), body fat percent and risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Objective: This study was done in order to investigate correlation of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Method: We gathered totally 138 subjects who have taken health screening test in university hospital. With the exception of 40 abnormal cases on current illness and laboratory study, 98 healthy cases were analysed. We divided the groups as normal, overweight, obese group according to body mass index $(22.9kg/m^2\;and\;below\;/\;23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2\;/\;25kg/m^2\;and\;above)$and investigated the relationship between obesity based on body mass index(BMI) and cardiovascular risk factors. And investigated the relationship between each cardiovascular risk factor and body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body fat percent. Results: With the exception of blood pressure, other lab data such as total cholesterol, triglycerid, glucose were significantly different between the three groups divided by body mass index$(22.9kg/m^2\;and\;below\;/\;23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2\;/\;25kg/m^2\;and\;above)$. And Correlation coefficient of cardiovascular risk factors with body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body fat precent were acquired. Conclusion: We have concluded that the body mass index and waist-hip ratio body fat precent were predictive factors cardiovascular disease.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2010

There are few studies reporting optimal waist circumference that can be utilized to prevent the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the association of waist circumference and waist and hip circumference ratio (WHR) with incident cases of CVD developed over 6 years in a population-based prospective study including Korean adults. Analyses for receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed with data for 1,733 men and 1,579 women who were aged 40 to 69 years and were free of a physician-diagnosis of CVD at baseline. Information on the diagnosis of CVD was periodically reported using interviewer-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measures were obtained by biennial health examinations. We newly identified 77 cases of CVD during a follow-up period between 2003 and 2008. On the basis of measures of diagnostic accuracy including minimum distance to ROC curve and Youden index, waist circumference of 85 cm for men, in particular for male nonsmokers, and of 80 cm for women and WHR of 0.88 to 0.90 for men and of 0.83 for women were found to be optimal cutoff points to identify individuals at CVD risks. The study also found that the use of the suggested optimal values for waist circumference show higher sensitivity and lower specificity compared with 90 cm for men and 85 cm for women, which are waist cutoff points given by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity to define abdominal obesity for Korean adults. Although lower cutoff points of waist circumference (83 cm) and WHR (0.87) were observed to be optimal for male smokers compared with male nonsmokers, whether suggesting waist cutoff points specific to smokers is needed warrants further studies. After taking into account other cardiovascular risk factors including smoking, men with waist circumference of 85 cm or greater and women with 80 cm or greater were at an increased risk of CVD. Thus, these cutoff points of waist circumference may be able to capture more individuals at CVD risks contributing to the prevention of future development of CVD.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2017

Objectives: Recently, many studies have demonstrated that the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is more correlated with metabolic syndrome than the waist-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study was to investigate and compare WHtR as a predictor of metabolic syndrome with other anthropometric indices. Methods: Approximately 3,800 data of subjects were used for the analysis, and data from Korean Medicine Data Centar). Receiver operating characteristic curve was performed and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to find the usefulness of WHtR, WHR, and BMI. Results: WHtR was the most predictive factor with the highest diagnostic value for metabolic syndrome than WHR, BMI. AUC of WHtR was significantly higher in total subjects, men and women. Conclusions: WHtR may be the simple and effective anthropometric index for metabolic syndrome.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.326-334
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• 2003

목 적 : 이번 연구의 목적은 다양한 비만지표를 이용하여 인천지역 중고등학교의 비만 유병율을 알아보았으며, 비만지표와 비만의 합병증인 고혈압과 고지혈증의 연관성을 알아보고 중심성 비만을 평가하기 위해 허리둘레 측정치와 WHR의 유효성을 알아보았다. 방 법 : 2000년 4, 5월 인천지역의 3개의 중학교, 5개의 고등학교를 선별하여 11세에서 18세까지의 총 1,382명(남 : 여=690 : 692)을 대상으로 신체계측과 혈청지질농도, 혈압을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 1) 비만의 유병율은 BMI를 기준으로 분류할 때 남자 6.7%, 여자 6.9%이었고, 허리둘레 측정치를 기준시 남자 5.4%, 여자 5.0%이었고, WHR 기준시 남자 7.0%, 여자 5.8%이었다. 2) 남녀 모두에서 BMI, 허리둘레, WHR은 수축기 혈압과 확장기 혈압 모두 양의 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 3) 남자에서 중성지방은 BMI(r=0.13, P<0.05), 허리둘레 측정치(r=0.34, P<0.05)와 양의 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 여자에서는 지질농도와 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 4) 남자에서 BMI는 비만도(r=0.98, P<0.05), 허리둘레 측정치(r=0.89, p<0.05), 체지방(r=0.85, P<0.05)과 높은 상관관계가 있었다. 여자에서 BMI는 비만도(r=0.98, P<0.05), 허리둘레 측정치(r=0.82), 체지방(r=0.89, P<0.05)과 높은 상관관계가 있었다. 결 론 : 이번의 결과는 고혈압의 유병율이 정상체중군에 비해서 남녀 모두 비만할수록 증가하였고 비만지표와 상관관계가 있었다. 소아비만과 관련된 고혈압은 성인 혈압의 가장 뛰어난 예측인자이고 성인 비만으로의 지속과 무관하게 고혈압을 유발시키므로 청소년의 비만을 예방하고 치료하는 것이 필요하다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.424-435
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• 2016

Purpose: This study examined knowledge about cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and its relationship to health behaviors among middle-aged postmenopausal women with CVD risk factors. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. One hundred and thirty-six postmenopausal women were recruited from outpatient departments of four hospitals. The women were $60.69{\pm}6.5$ years old. Self-reported questionnaires were administered, and waist-hip ratios (WHR) were measured. Results: Among the women, 72.8% reported hypertension, 19.1% reported diabetes, 33.8% reported hypercholesterolemia, and 24.2% reported angina pectoris. Moreover, 73.9% of the women reported not knowing of CVD prevention, and only 26.1% reported exercising regularly. A majority of the women (80.9%) had a WHR > 0.85. Multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for age and marital status indicated that the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke increased (p<.001). Waist-hip ratio${\leq}0.85$ (p=.022) and living with family members (p=.006) were significant predictors of healthier behaviors ($R^2$=0.21, p<.001). Knowledge of CVD and health behaviors were not correlated. Conclusion: Obese women and women who live alone are no more likely to practice health behaviors aimed at CVD prevention than their counterparts in the sample. Education and exercise interventions are needed, especially for obese women, to promote healthy behaviors among middle-aged postmenopausal women with CVD risk factors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1130-1138
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in body temperature, adiposity and sympathoadrenal activity in normal weight female college students, eating an instant-noodle lunch in a laboratory setting at ambient temperatures of 22-24.8$^{\circ}C$. Preprandial epinephrine(EPI) concentration, as an indicator of adrenal activity, was inversely and significantly correlated with body weight, body mass index(BMI), and waist girth. Changes in pre- and postprandial EPI concentrations showed positive correlations with % body fat, fat mass, waist girth, hip girth, and waist/hip girth ratio(WHR). The preprandial norepinephrine (NE) concentration was negatively correlated with recovery time from the peak postprandial core temperature to the meal-start core temperature(RTST). However, the NE concentration, an indicator of sympathetic neural activity, was not related to anthropometric measurements in normal weight young women. In conclusion, adrenal activity was negatively associated with adiposity and central body fat distribution. Sympathetic activity was related to body temperature regulation capacity after a meal, but was not related to adiposity in normal weight young women. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) 1130-1138, 1998)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.451-459
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• 1995

This study was intended to figure out the effects of the amount and the distribution of body fat on the risk fators of adult disease. Sixty-four male college students paticipatied in this study, whose to find out body fat distributions were classified on the basis of Waist/hip ratio(WHR) into three groups-upper body type(UBTM), intermediate body type (IBTM) and lower body type(LBTM). Various risk factors such as adiposity, body fat ammount, serum lipid amount and blood pressure and their intercorrelations were analyzed. The three bodys type groups showed significant differences each other in weight(P<0.001), WHR showed considerable correlations with BMI and the percentage of body fat. The frequency of obesity assessed by BMI$\geq$25 and body fat percentage were the highest in the UBTM of the three groups. Thus, we could conclude that the closer the body fat distribution is to the upper body type, the higher the BMI and body fat percentage. Waist/girth ratio(WTR, P<0.01) and BMI(P<0.05) were positively correlated with serum triglyceride levels, and % of body fat was positively correlated with both serum triglyceride (P<0.01) and serum total cholesterol(P<0.05) levels. WHR (P<0.05), BMI(P<0.01) and % of body fat(P<0.01) also showed positive correlations with systolic blood pressure. From the above results, we could conclude that body fat distribution was a good index reflecting adiposity and body fat amount and that blood and serum amount of triglyceride was highest in the upper body type group showing the highest frequency of obesity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.519-524
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• 2010

This clinical study was done to examine comparison the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and obesity index between patients with silent lacunar infarction and normal controls. We compared the components of metabolic syndrome and obesity index between patients silent lacunar infarction(n=62) and normal controls(n=72). The analysis of the data was done by Frequency Analysis, two sample t-test, Chi-square Test. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in patients of silent lacunar infarctions. Body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage, obesity ratio, metabolic syndrome were higher significantly in patients of silent lacunar infarctions than normal controls. Although statistically insignificant, waist circumference showed relatively higher in patients of silent lacunar infarction. This result emphasizes the importance of managing that hypertension, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage, obesity ratio, metabolic syndrome in silent lacunar infarction.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.604-612
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of obesity and sarcopenia among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) patients in Korea. The current study recruited 75 patients with COPD who visited the department of respiratory medicine at J University Hospital in J-do. Height, body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured, and body composition, muscle strength, and flexibility were assessed. The levels of obesity were classified with body mass index(BMI), waist-hip circumference ratio(WHR) and percent body fat, and sarcopenia was classified with the value of skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. In results, it was found that the level of obesity was very high as 43% by BMI, 88% by WHR, and 64% by percent body fat. The lower level of muscle strength was 15.50% in males and 23.50% in females. The lower level of muscle mass was 24.10% in males and .00% in females. Males who had one sarcopenia factors were 22.40%, and females were 23.50%, respectively. Males with sarcopenia were 6.90%, and females were .00%. In conclusion, regular resistance exercise is essential not only for the development of motor skills, but also for the normalization of skeletal muscle function and prevention of muscle dystrophy among COPD patients.