• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.15 no.6 s.66
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• pp.94-102
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• 2000

지난 5월 18일 중국과 유럽연합이 중국의 WTO 가입 협상을 최종 마무리함으로써 중국의 WTO 가입은 기정사실화 되었다. 중국의 WTO 가입은 중국 산업에 많은 변화를 가져오게 될 것이다. 인터넷 서비스를 포함한 부가통신서비스 산업에서의 변화는 다른 어떤 산업보다 더욱 심할 것으로 보인다. 현재 중국의 IT 산업은 전반적으로 낙후된 실정에 있다. 따라서, 중국 정부는 WTO 가입에 따른 자국 IT 산업을 보호하고, 육성시키기 위한 정책을 지속적으로 추구하고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 전자상거래를 21세기 정보사회 경제활동의 중요한 요인 중 하나로 인식하여 전자상거래를 활성화할 수 있는 정책을 마련하고 있다. 더불어 중국 전자상거래 분야의 경우 아직 초보단계에 머물고 있어 많은 부분들에 외국 투자가들의 지원을 받아야 할 실정이므로 중국 정부가 외국 투자자들을 유인하기 위한 정책을 펼칠 것으로 예상된다. 본 고에서는 이러한 관점에서 중국의 전자상거래 현황과 향후 시장 전망에 대해 살펴보기로 한다.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.445-464
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• 2009

Many countries in the world have regulated cross-border supply in basic telecommunications services based on GATS exception rule for telecommunications because of anti-competition behavior control, domestic consumer protection, tax levy, national security, etc. Korea partially regulates cross-border supply in telecommunications service through the WTO and the domestic law and regulation. However, WTO and FTA negotiations, cross-border supply regulation are strongly demanded to deregulation. Therefore, it is required to review the effectiveness of cross-border supply regulation to prepare the counter plan for that regulation. Thus, the major countries of the telecommunication services regulation regarding the cross-border supply are reviewed. In addition, it is retrieved some implications for Korean regulation policy by reviewing the actual regulation of many countries cases.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2005

The WTO(World Trade Organization) meetings for service negotiations started in February in 2000. Since then, the member countries have discussed the tourism sector and their expectations and methods of liberalization, based on the proposals they have submitted. The Republic of Korea had already opened hotels and restaurants, travel agencies and tour operator services, and tourist guide services, preceding of WTO service negotiations. However, to comply with the terms of the negotiations, the domestic laws and systems related to tourism should be analyzed according to their adherence to the principles of GATS(General Agreement on Trade in Services), which include market access and national treatment. Thus, the purposes of this study were two-fold: first, regarding the two basic principles of GATS(market access and national treatment), the articles of the administrative laws relating to tourism were examined. Second, proposals from the tourism sectors in the US, Canada, Dominique, EC, Switzerland, and Japan were also summarized and reviewed. Proper responses to service negotiations were proposed based on the results of this analysis. As a result, I can support the GATS classification(w/120) of tourism and the liberalization of tourism in other WTO member countries. I can also support the elimination of obstacles such as economic need tests and nationality requirement. 'Others' category should be considered more carefully according to the competitiveness of the given industry.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2010

Since Korea establish diplomatic ties with China in 1992, korea and China have had rapid progress in most of field as politic, economy, society and culture through basing on cultural commonality and geographical adjacency. Especially, China is the biggest trading partner to korea, and also Korea is third-biggest trading country to China. They become strategic cooperating relation in 2008. Currently, in terms of international trade relation, WTO/DDA negotiation is proceeding in difficulty, but FTA has been growing and extending in the world, and the two country, china and korea, have been competitively trying wide and active FTA negotiation promotion. After Financial crisis in 1997, according to the requirement of local economic cooperation, China has shown the interest to several countries since the conclusion of FTA treaty with ASEAN in 2005. China also makes the active afford to conclude FTA with Korea. Last May 28th, this was mentioned in the meeting between president Lee and Premier Wen Jiabao, so it is anticipated that the negotiation for FTA will be started in the near future. There are many political suggestions and concerns in terms of way of negotiation korea would choose. Some economist said that "'Continuous FTA aimed at long-term protocol should be promoted between korea and China and negotiated includingly'" However, this research claims that commodity exchange, service, and investment areas should be included and it has to be comprehensive package settlement style in negotiation. This research has found out the characteristics of China's negotiation and implications through the China's existed FTA negotiation examples. Currently, China has taken Continuous or a phase-negotiation method to ASEAN, Pakistan, Chile and some other developing country and to advanced countries like New Zealand or Singapore, comprehensive package settlement method is used in FTA negotiation. In consider of the FTA negotiation between Korea and China, Korea has some problems in the commodity change area in agriculture maket's opening. While, for china, the issues would happen in service trade area, especially when encountering finance and communication industries are opened, China's economy could be exposed to some risk. In result, Korea should expand its negotiation range from commodity trade to service trade, in order to exchange both issues, then the negotiation will be concluded more easily. In other word, for FTA, korea should follow comprehensive package settlement way that is similar to New zealand and Singapore case. Through this kind of method, Korea can expect effect of creating trade, conversion of it and preoccupancy of service field in china's market against the advanced countries like Usa, Europe and Japan. Also, to have a successful FTA negotiation, korea should find out china's policy for FTA negotiation. With this information, korea will be able to suggest the way to make a profit. Systematic analysis and comparison about previous negotiation cases of china are needed before the negotiation begin.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2002

1986년부터 1994년까지 진행된 우루과이라운드 협상의 결과로 1995년에 WTO(World Trade Organization：세계무역기구)가 설립되었다. 2001년 총 140여 개 국을 두고, 세계 무역의 총 90%를 차지하는 WTO의 출범으로 세계 경제는 무한 경쟁 시대를 맞이하게 되었으며 특히, 건설 분야에서는 대형 외국 건설 기업들이 후진국 건설 과제의 확보를 위하여 WTO에서 작성한 '건설자유경쟁사항'을 제시하였다. 또한 현재 각 국가별 공업 규격을 조정ㆍ통일하고, 물자와 서비스의 국제적 교류를 유도하며, 지적, 과학적, 경제적 활동 분야에서 세계 상호간의 협력을 증진하는 ISO(International Standardizing Organization)규정에 의해 많은 나라들은 자국의 이익을 보존하며, 나아가 국가간의 경쟁에서 낙오되지 않기 위한 발빠른 대응책을 마련하고 있는 실정이다. 일례로 유럽 국가들은 그 지역에 적합한 건설 시방서를 작성하기 시작하여 최근에는 EC2(European Code 2)를 출판한 실정이고, 아시아에서는 ACMC(Asian Concrete Model Code：아시아 콘크리트 모델 시방서)를 1990년도 초반부터 연구 작성하기 시작하였다.(중략)

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.217-244
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• 2018

As Chinese insurance market grows rapidly due to market reforms, China got recognition as second-largest insurance market in the world in 2016. However Korean insurance companies have had difficulties to grow in Chinese insurance market despite Chinese participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the growth of chinese insurance market. The reason for the decline in Korean insurance companies is economic retaliation due to the deployment of THAAD in Korea. However, this is not a fundamental reason. The underlying cause of the effects of economic retaliation is the result of insufficient negotiations in Korea-China FTA services sector. In Service sector of Korea-China FTA, the level of concession between Korea and China differs greatly, when comparing China and South Korea's FTA. In addition, it has only been a few years since China collected the position of the WTO Doha Agenda, which currently deals with concessions on intellectual property rights and services. More important is that the Korea-China FTA service sector, as it stopped short of being protected by the most-favored-nation state treatment level when Korean insurance companies entered China. Further negotiations to supplement the weak points in the Korea-China FTA service sector were promised in December 2017, but international tensions over THAAD deployment made it impossible to hold such negotiations. However, due to changes in international affairs in 2018, the first additional negotiation was decided and held. This paper implicates strategies of further negotiation between Korea and China for service and investment chapter. Consequently, the aim of this paper suggests directions how to re-enter Chinese insurance market to Korean insurance companies.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.15 no.6 s.66
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• pp.140-149
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• 2000

미국은 WTO 기본통신협상을 통하여 통신서비스 시장개방을 위한 토대를 마련해 두었으며, 최근에는 실질적인 시장개방 효과를 거두기 위하여 추가적인 규제완화를 제 외국에 요구하고 있다. 그 대표적인 예가"규제완화 및 경쟁정책에 관한 일미간의 강화발의안(Enhanced Initiative)"에서 나타나고 있는 일본에 대한 통신접속료 수준의 인하 요구이다. 본 고에서는 1998년 5월에 시작되어 2000년 7월에 결착을 보기까지 3차에 걸쳐 일미간에 전개된 통신협상 전개과정을 개관한 후,"규제완화 및 경쟁정책에 관한 일미간의 강화발의안에 대한 제3차 공동현황보고서" 내용 중 통신분야, 특히 상호접속과 관련된 내용을 주로 살펴보고 우리나라 통신정책에 시사하는 점이 무엇인가를 고찰하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.429-432
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• 2002

정보통신서비스산업이 공기업 독점체제에서 전면적인 경쟁체제로 변화하면서 서비스의 공공성 확보, 국민의 기본용구충족 및 국제경쟁력 확보, 서비스 질적 수준 향상 등으로 변화하고 있다. 국제적으로도 WTO 기본통신협상(Basic Telecommunications Agreement)에 의해 외곽의 사업자들에게도 동등한 접속제공 및 접속료 산정을 요구받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 정보통신 서비스의 실효성 제고를 위한 방법 중에 하나인 상호접속 기술의 개념 및 접속기준을 고찰한다. 또한 상호접속 현황을 분석하고 현행 접속료의 산정방식인 대표원가 계산방식을 살펴본다. 결과적으로 대표원가 계산방식의 문제점을 지적하고 선진국들이 채택하고 있는 장기증분원가 (LRIC : Long Run incremental Cost)개념의 도입이 필요성을 언급한다.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.270-277
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• 2022

Today, due to the serviceization of the economy, volume and position Global trade in Services have gradually increased. Stable and fair trade can be achieved through solid international trade law. Multilateral discussions on service trade agreement have been stagnant, but have recently shown considerable outcome. Service trade agreement(GATS) deal with various service trade barriers in member countries that hinder free trade in services. Recently, a group of WTO members have established the 「Joint Initiative on Services Domestic Regulation」. The agreement aims to ensure that licensing and qualification requirements and procedures, as well as technical standards do not constitute unnecessary barriers to services trade. This study is to understand the type and statistics of service trade barriers that affect actual service transactions. At the same time, It aims to examine the progress of discussions on multilateral service trade agreement for resolving service trade barriers.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.47-74
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• 2018

The United States is often perceived as a free-trading nation as it significantly contributed to the establishment of the GATT and WTO in the 20th century. With the inauguration of the Trump Administration in 2017, however, trading partners of the United States are faced with great concerns over the 'new' aggressive, protectionist and above all, unilateral trade threats posed by the United States under the name of 'America-First' trade policy. However, the recent unilateral trade actions by the United States are not new, but has historically and continuously been used to protect its key industries, like the automobile sector. This paper analyzes the historical cases of the unilateral trade policy of the United States in the automobile industry, targeting Korea and Japan in the 1980s, 1990s and 2010s. Then, we draw future implications for other key industries of the United States such as IT, intellectual property, services and agricultural sectors. This study evaluates whether such unilateral practices have brought successful and expected outcomes in favor of the United States.