• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.225-232
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• 2009

Context-aware technologies for ubiquitous computing are necessary to study the representation of gathered context-information appropriately, the understanding of user's intention using context-information, and the offer of pertinent services for users. In this paper, we propose the WS-CAM(Web Services based Context-Aware Middleware) framework for context-aware computing. WS-CAM provides ample power of expression and inference mechanisms to various context-information using an ontology-based context model. We also consider that WS-CAM is the middleware-independent structure to adopt web services with characteristic of loosely coupling as a matter of communication of context-information. In this paper, we describe a scenario for lecture services based on the ubiquitous computing e e e e e e to verify the utilization of WS-CAM We also show an example of middleware-independent system expansion to display the merits of web-based services. WS-CAM for lecture services represented context-information itodomaits as OWL-based ontology model effectively, and we confirmed the information is inferred to high level context-information by user-defined rules. We also confirmed the context-information is transferred to application services middleware-independently using various web methods provided by web services.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.60-65
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• 1997

The tungsten disulfide $(WS_2)$ solid lubricant was synthesized by two different reaction processes, i.e., the reaction between $CS_2$ gas phase and solid $WO_3$powder, and the vapour phase transport method of tungsten and sulfur in a high vacuum. The chemical and physical characteristics of synthesized $WS_2$powder were analyzed in terms of the average particle size, morphology, crystalline phase etc. in comparison with those of commercial $WS_2$powder. The solid $WO_3$ powder with the average size of 0.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was reacted with $CS_2$gas flowed with$N_2$or 96%$N_2{\times}4%H_2$forming gas for 36 h and 24 h at 90$0^{\circ}C$ respectively. $WS_2$ crystalline phase was then formed through the intermediate phase of .$W_{20}O_{58}$ In the case of vapour phase transport method, the 3.5 wt% iodine was added as a vapour transport reagent into the composition of tungsten and sulfur powders maintaining a constant molar ratio of W:S=1:2.2. The mixture was then heat treated at 85$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks in vacuum. The reaction product obtained showed the average size of 12 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and the hexagonal plate shape of typical solid lubricant with 2H-$WS_2$crystalline phase.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.109-114
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• 2003

WS-BPMS(web service driven business process management system)은 기업 내 또는 비즈니스 파트너들 간의 비즈니스 프로세스를 체계적으로 통합, 관리하여 프로세스를 개선하고 자동화한다. 이는 비즈니스 프로세스를 검색한 후 BPEL4WS, BPML 등의 프로세스 메타모델을 이용하여 새 프로세스를 디자인하고 BPMS위에 전개 실행하는 과정을 거치게 된다. 디자인된 프로세스는 복잡하여 그 실행에 있어 체계적이고 확고한 기반을 바탕으로 운영되어야 한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 BPMS의 운영에 있어 pi-calculus를 기반으로 한 structured exception handling 방법론과 transaction 모니터링을 통한 backward recovery 방법을 제시한다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2021

This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Endoseal TCS, an mineral trioxide aggregate-based root canal sealer, mixed with water-soluble mangostin derivatives (WsMD) of Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) ethanol extract against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity of Endoseal TCS mixed with WsMD against three strains of E. faecalis and three strains of S. aureus was performed using agar diffusion test. The data showed that Endoseal TCS mixed with 0.115% WsMD had a zone of inhibition of 0.7 ± 0.2-2.4 ± 0.1 mm. The results suggest that Endoseal TCS mixed with WsMD of Garcinia mangostana L. ethanol extract is useful as a root canal sealer with antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and S. aureus.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.236-241
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• 2003

Business collaboration can be achieved by message exchange between companies. Such an exchange method enables loosely coupled integration between heterogeneous organization, and Web service has been a popular technique for accomplishing it. This research focuses on the choreography standards extending Web Service, specifically WSCI, BPEL4WS, and BPML. We compare and analyze the standards in terms of functionality, expressiveness and so on.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 1998

The $WS_2$ solid lubricant synthesized through the vapour phase transport method was coated on the commercial bearing steel (SUJ 2) substrate, and the tribological behaviour of the lubricant was investigated using a ball-on-disk type tester. The $WS_2$ powder was spray-coated at room temperature using compressed air, and the change of friction coefficient was examined in various conditions, i.e., specimen configuration, atmosphere (air and nitrogen), applied load and rotating speed. $WS_2$ coated ball and disk showed the optimum friction coefficient of 0.07 and wear life of 45,000 cycles in the nitrogen atmosphere under 0.3 kgf and 100 rpm, whereas relatively high coefficient of 0.13 and reduced wear life of 4,000 cycles were observed in air atmosphere. The effect of rotating speed on the friction coefficient was not observed both in nitrogen and in air atmospheres. This confirmed that the spray-coated $WS_2$ solid lubricant was effective in reducing the friction coefficient and improving wear life in nitrogen atmosphere, and the oxygen and moisture existing in air could seriously deteriorate the lubrication effect of $WS_2$ coating layer.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.133-148
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• 2005

Since understanding of similarities and differences among protein structures is very important for the study of the relationship between structure and function, many protein structure comparison systems have been developed. Hut, unfortunately, these systems introduce their own protein data derived from the PDB(Protein Data Bank), which are needed in their algorithms for comparing protein structures. In addition, according to the rapid increase in the size of PDB, these systems require much more computation to search for common substructures in their databases. In this paper, we introduce a protein structure comparison system named WS4E(A Web-Based Searching Substructures of Secondary Structure Elements) based on a PSAML database which stores PSAML documents using the eXist open XML DBMS. PSAML(Protein Structure Abstraction Markup Language) is an XML representation of protein data, describing a protein structure as the secondary structures of the protein and their relationships. Using the PSAML database, the WS4E provides web services searching for common substructures among proteins represented in PSAML. In addition, to reduce the number of candidate protein structures to be compared in the PSAML database, we used topology strings which contain the spatial information of secondary structures in a protein.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.119-125
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• 2020

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), two-dimensional atomic layered materials with direct bandgap in the range of 1.1-2.1 eV, have attracted a lot of research interest due to their high response to light and capability to build new types of artificial heterostructures. However, the large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform TMDC films with vertical-stacked heterostructure still remains challenge. In this study, we have developed a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system for TMDCs and conducted a systematic study on the growth of single-layer TMDCs and their heterostructures. In particular, using a bubbler-type organometallic compound sources, the concentration and flow rate of each source can be precisely controlled to obtain uniformly single-layered MoS2 and WS2 films over the centimeter scale. In addition, the MoS2/WS2 vertical heterostructure was achieved by growing WS2 film directly on the MoS2 film, as confirmed by electron microscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometer, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.421-424
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• 2002

Deterministic and probabilistic approaches to the design of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection system for water reclamation are reviewed and discussed. The high inactivation of TC, FC and E. coli by UV disinfection was demonstrated and the inactivations of TC, FC and E. coli were 97%, 98% and 99%, respectively. Within the range of 0.3-4.5mWs/cm, the effect of UV does on the inactivation ratio was not observed. However, in the highest wattage of UV lamp, 39W, the inactivation ratio of TC, FC and E. coli was 100%, regardless of the UV does so the UV density was more effective on inactivation ratio of TC, FC and E. coli rather than UV does. Under the 0.4 mWs/cm and 16W of UV lamp, the effect of dissolved organic matter and turbidity on the inactivations of TC, FC and E. coli could not be observed in this study within the range of 0-60mg/L and 0-40 NTU respectively.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.455-466
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of white striping (WS), wooden breast (WB), and WS combined with WS/WB muscle abnormalities in broilers (Ross 500) at different slaughter ages (34, 41, and 48 d). In addition, the influence of these muscle abnormalities at different slaughter ages on quality characteristics (physical dimensions, pH, color index, and chemical composition) was studied. Overall occurrence of muscle abnormalities was 45%, 92%, and 100% at slaughter ages of 34, 41, and 48 d, respectively. It was found that about 39% from the occurrence of muscle abnormalities was not similar in the same bird (left and right fillets). Breast fillets affected by muscle abnormalities had significantly (p<0.05) higher weight than normal fillets. At slaughter age of 34 d, normal fillets had significantly higher L^* (67.37 vs. 61.73 and 63.05, p<0.05), lower a^* (3.25 vs. 4.87 and 5.18, p<0.05) and b^* (4.02 vs. 5.20 and 5.99, p<0.05) than WS and WS combined with WB fillets; respectively. The changes in chemical composition due to muscle abnormalities were more significant at high slaughter age than at low slaughter age. In conclusion, the occurrence of muscle abnormalities was strongly influenced by slaughter age. Moreover, breast fillets affected by muscle abnormalities had different quality characteristics (proximate composition, color traits, and dimensions) in comparison to normal fillets.