• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.427-439
• /
• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of company employees. The importance of the selection factors of dental clinics by demographic characteristics. Methods : The subjects of this study was 218 employees. In this study, structured were used. Results : As for perception of the importance of traffic convenience by general characteristics, the company employees who were male, who were married, who had children, who continued to work for a longer period and who were better paid placed more significance on traffic convenience among the selection factors of dental institutions, and the gaps between them and their counterparts were significant. Regarding perception of the importance of the physical environments of dental institutions by general characteristics, those who were in their 20s and in their 50s and up, who were less educated, who worked for a smaller period and who were less paid gave more weight on the importance of physical environments, and the gaps between them and their counterparts were significant. As to perception of the importance of the image of dental institutions by general characteristics, monthly pay made a significant difference to that. Concerning the external qualifications of dental personnels, they took a significantly different view according to their age and monthly pay. In relation to perception of the importance of dental service by general characteristics, the women attached more importance to dental service than the men, and the intergroup gap was significant. In regard to perception of the importance of the basic components of dental institutions by general characteristics, those who were in their 40s and up, who had children, who were better paid and who were assistant directors were significantly different from their counterparts in their opinions on the importance of the basic components of dental institutions. Conclusions : The findings of the study suggest that dental institutions should make efforts to provide patients with the best medical service to gain their confidence.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.57-76
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of characteristics of hospital choice and hospital service quality on service value, customer satisfaction and hospital revisiting intent and a survey involving patients and their caregivers who used the hospital before was conducted for empirical analysis. Thus, the theory and factors concerning the characteristics of hospital choice, hospital service quality, service value, customer satisfaction and hospital revisiting intent and relevant preceding research were explored after examining the preceding research, the research model was developed accordingly. A total of 459 collected questionnaires were analyze after carrying out the survey on a national scale. The findings of this study have significance since it identified the motivation that affect the choice of hospital and provide information. Also, this study could be utilized as reference data for hospitals to survive in the fierce competition, as it carried out factual survey on considerations when making choice of hospital. Furthermore, due to the low expectation of patients and caregivers for hospital administration, the study indicated that it's linked to a significantly low chance of customer satisfaction and provide the cause. This study was differentiated with other research on hospital choice since it selected security as a factor of hospital choice, though it's not discussed in the preceding research and moreover, conducted the empirical analysis. And the results of empirical analysis revealed that customers felt that service value was improved when the information security was strengthened. In other words, the strengthening of hospital information security could be hospital choice motivation, which means this study provided practical implication.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.300-308
• /
• 2019

Objectives: This research was conducted to identify the consumers' food choice factors that affect the consumers' replacement of soft drinks with carbonated water. Methods: The present study used secondary data from a consumer panel survey conducted by the Rural Development Administration of Korea, and the data included the panel members' purchase records based on their monthly spending receipts. The survey asked the participants about their food choice factors and their personal responsibility for their health. This survey included independent variables for the consumers' food purchase factors. As a dependent variable, two types of groups were defined. The replacement group included those people who increased their purchase of carbonated water and decreased their purchase of soft drinks. The non-replacement group included those people who did not change their purchase patterns or they increased their purchase of soft drinks and they decreased their purchase of carbonated water. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the consumers' food choice factors that were associated with replacing soft drinks with carbonated water. Results: The replacement group was significantly associated with (1) a younger age (OR=0.953), (2) being a housewife (OR=2.03), (3) higher income (OR=1.001) and (4) less concern about price (OR=0.819) when purchasing food. This group also showed (5) higher enjoyment (OR=1.328) when choosing food and (6) they took greater responsibly for their personal health (OR=1.233). Conclusions: This research is the first study to mainly focus on soft drinks and carbonated water. The result of this research showed that young, health-conscious consumers with a higher income and who are more interested in food have more possibilities to replace soft drinks with carbonated water. These research findings may be applied to consumers who have characteristics that are similar to the young health-conscious consumers and the results can help to suggest ways to reduce sugar intake and improve public health. However, this research has a limitation due to the application of secondary data. Therefore, a future study is needed to develop detailed survey questions about food choice factors and to extend these factors to all beverages, including soft drinks made with sugar substitutes, so as to reflect the growth of alternative industries that use artificial sweeteners or different types of sugar to make commercially available drinks.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.52-62
• /
• 2010

This study investigated college students' patterns of visiting coffee shops which are formed by students' preferences. This study surveyed 300 college students in Seongnam. The subjects were consisted of 45.2% males and 54.8% females and the average age was 20.8 years. 41.3% of subjects visited coffee shops once or twice a month and 42.4% of subjects visited coffee shops on a random basis. 26.7% of subjects stayed in coffee shops for 1~1.5 hours. The main purpose of going to coffee shops was to enjoy specialty coffee. The subjects' first favorites was coffee with various kinds of syrups and second one was Americano. When the female subjects in Seongnam chose the coffee shops, they focused more on variety factors than the male subjects. The group of subjects who had monthly expenses of less than 400,000 won focused on price factors more than the group of subjects who had monthly expenses more than 400,000 won. Moreover, environmental factors were heavily related to the usage rate and staying time of the coffee shops. Above all, price factors and promotion factors affected subjects' choice of the coffee shops in Seongnam.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2023

This study aims to analyze the trend of changes in the elderly living arrangement over the past 20 years and the reasons why the elderly choose these changes. The subjects of the survey were households aged 65 years or older in Korea. Data from the survey of Ministry of Health and Welfare conducted in 2004, 2014, 2020 were used for the analysis. The result of analysis was as follows; First, since 2000, the number of elderly households living with their children has been rapidly decreasing, while the number of elderly couple households and single elderly households is gradually increasing. Second, elderly living alone appeared more in rural areas, women, older people, and elderly with low education. They are in a vulnerable position that needs help. Therefore, welfare policies for the elderly should be focused on elderly single households. Finally the reason for choosing elderly single household in 2020 was that the voluntary choice by the individual accounted for a much higher rate than the unintentional choice by the children. In addition, the life satisfaction of the elderly who arbitrarily selected the living arrangement was higher than that of the elderly who deliberately chose the living arrangement.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.443-454
• /
• 2007

Survey questionnaires were conducted on housewives under 60 who had bought an apartment in Daegu. The data used in this study is collected Dalseo-Gu, Soosung-Gu and Buk-Gu by means of cluster sampling and from those chosen samples I use convenience sampling. The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 10.0 program. The purpose of this study is to examine housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class closely in order to improve value of apartment and to provide housing plan of apartment supply which is distinguished by a social class and moreover, to achieve efficient marketing strategy according to a recent recognition that housing is a kind of commodities. Objective and subjective measure of value are used to classify a social class. Objective measure of value includes scale apartment, a form of possession, a price of apartment, an occupation of husband, family income and academic background and subjective measure of value includes the standard of living out of people's own head. These measure of value are classified by giving consequence to each item with reference to ISC (index of status characteristics) of Wanner. There is a difference of housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class as a consequence of this study. Therefore, this study suggests repeatedly that it should need not standardized housing supply but apartment supply of diverse demand desire because there is a difference of housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 2010

This study researches the effects of common features on a no-choice option with respect to regulatory focus theory. The primary interest is in three factors and their interrelationship: common features, no-choice option, and regulatory focus. Prior studies have compiled vast body of research in these areas. First, the "common features effect" has been observed bymany noted marketing researchers. Tversky (1972) proposed the seminal theory, the EBA model: elimination by aspect. According to this theory, consumers are prone to focus only on unique features during comparison processing, thereby dismissing any common features as redundant information. Recently, however, more provocative ideas have attacked the EBA model by asserting that common features really do affect consumer judgment. Chernev (1997) first reported that adding common features mitigates the choice gap because of the increasing perception of similarity among alternatives. Later, however, Chernev (2001) published a critically developed study against his prior perspective with the proposition that common features may be a cognitive load to consumers, and thus consumers are possible that they are prone to prefer the heuristic processing to the systematic processing. This tends to bring one question to the forefront: Do "common features" affect consumer choice? If so, what are the concrete effects? This study tries to answer the question with respect to the "no-choice" option and regulatory focus. Second, some researchers hold that the no-choice option is another best alternative of consumers, who are likely to avoid having to choose in the context of knotty trade-off settings or mental conflicts. Hope for the future also may increase the no-choice option in the context of optimism or the expectancy of a more satisfactory alternative appearing later. Other issues reported in this domain are time pressure, consumer confidence, and alternative numbers (Dhar and Nowlis 1999; Lin and Wu 2005; Zakay and Tsal 1993). This study casts the no-choice option in yet another perspective: the interactive effects between common features and regulatory focus. Third, "regulatory focus theory" is a very popular theme in recent marketing research. It suggests that consumers have two focal goals facing each other: promotion vs. prevention. A promotion focus deals with the concepts of hope, inspiration, achievement, or gain, whereas prevention focus involves duty, responsibility, safety, or loss-aversion. Thus, while consumers with a promotion focus tend to take risks for gain, the same does not hold true for a prevention focus. Regulatory focus theory predicts consumers' emotions, creativity, attitudes, memory, performance, and judgment, as documented in a vast field of marketing and psychology articles. The perspective of the current study in exploring consumer choice and common features is a somewhat creative viewpoint in the area of regulatory focus. These reviews inspire this study of the interaction possibility between regulatory focus and common features with a no-choice option. Specifically, adding common features rather than omitting them may increase the no-choice option ratio in the choice setting only to prevention-focused consumers, but vice versa to promotion-focused consumers. The reasoning is that when prevention-focused consumers come in contact with common features, they may perceive higher similarity among the alternatives. This conflict among similar options would increase the no-choice ratio. Promotion-focused consumers, however, are possible that they perceive common features as a cue of confirmation bias. And thus their confirmation processing would make their prior preference more robust, then the no-choice ratio may shrink. This logic is verified in two experiments. The first is a $2{\times}2$ between-subject design (whether common features or not X regulatory focus) using a digital cameras as the relevant stimulus-a product very familiar to young subjects. Specifically, the regulatory focus variable is median split through a measure of eleven items. Common features included zoom, weight, memory, and battery, whereas the other two attributes (pixel and price) were unique features. Results supported our hypothesis that adding common features enhanced the no-choice ratio only to prevention-focus consumers, not to those with a promotion focus. These results confirm our hypothesis - the interactive effects between a regulatory focus and the common features. Prior research had suggested that including common features had a effect on consumer choice, but this study shows that common features affect choice by consumer segmentation. The second experiment was used to replicate the results of the first experiment. This experimental study is equal to the prior except only two - priming manipulation and another stimulus. For the promotion focus condition, subjects had to write an essay using words such as profit, inspiration, pleasure, achievement, development, hedonic, change, pursuit, etc. For prevention, however, they had to use the words persistence, safety, protection, aversion, loss, responsibility, stability etc. The room for rent had common features (sunshine, facility, ventilation) and unique features (distance time and building state). These attributes implied various levels and valence for replication of the prior experiment. Our hypothesis was supported repeatedly in the results, and the interaction effects were significant between regulatory focus and common features. Thus, these studies showed the dual effects of common features on consumer choice for a no-choice option. Adding common features may enhance or mitigate no-choice, contradictory as it may sound. Under a prevention focus, adding common features is likely to enhance the no-choice ratio because of increasing mental conflict; under the promotion focus, it is prone to shrink the ratio perhaps because of a "confirmation bias." The research has practical and theoretical implications for marketers, who may need to consider common features carefully in a practical display context according to consumer segmentation (i.e., promotion vs. prevention focus.) Theoretically, the results suggest some meaningful moderator variable between common features and no-choice in that the effect on no-choice option is partly dependent on a regulatory focus. This variable corresponds not only to a chronic perspective but also a situational perspective in our hypothesis domain. Finally, in light of some shortcomings in the research, such as overlooked attribute importance, low ratio of no-choice, or the external validity issue, we hope it influences future studies to explore the little-known world of the "no-choice option."

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.333-344
• /
• 2015

This study aimed to identify the effects of health-related menu choice attributes on customer behavioral intentions at well-being restaurants and analyze the moderating effects of food involvement and trust, which can influence customer preference and their intentions to visit well-being restaurants. This study designed a survey, and 351 respondents who have eaten at well-being restaurants completed the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to identify underlying dimensions related to health-related menu choice attributes, food involvement, and customer behavioral intentions toward well-being restaurants. The three factors regarding health-related menu choice attributes and the three factors related to food involvement were identified. In order to test the relationships between health-related menu choice attributes and behavioral intentions as well as to investigate the moderating effects of food involvement and trust, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Results indicated that the three factors of health-related menu choice attributes were significantly and positively related to behavioral intentions. Among food involvement factors, dining environment and cooking were significantly related to behavioral intentions toward well-being restaurants. Trust had a significant influence on behavioral intentions. Results showed that food involvement and trust could moderate the effects of health-related menu choice attributes on behavioral intentions toward well-being restaurants.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.293-300
• /
• 2020

In this paper we study an optimal consumption, investment and retirement time choice problem of an investor who receives labor income before her voluntary retirement. And we assume that there is a negative wealth constraint which is a general version of borrowing constraint. Using convex-duality method, we provide the closed-form solutions of the optimization problem.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2018

Recent research reported that perception of future time is non-linearly scaled. That is, as objective time gets longer, subjective perception of the objective time does not grow proportionally. The non-linear time perception implies that the same future time feels shorter when it starts in the future than when it starts immediately. The authors call this as a future contraction effect. The current research tests two important implications of the effect regarding consumers' intertemporal preference for durable goods. First, consumers who contract future more will be more impatient for durable goods compared to those who contract less because the former would feel to use the same durable goods longer when it is purchased immediately. Second, consumers' impatience will be alleviated when their tendency to contract future is reduced. The authors find support for these predictions through two studies. Taken together, the current research demonstrates a property of time perception that has important ramifications for understanding consumers' intertemporal preference for durable goods.