• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 2013

This study was focused on the relationships between menstrual history and psychological variables in middle school girls. The study included 165 students. Self image, optimism and self-efficacy are measured structured questionnaires each. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe's test. The proportion of the students with bleeding period less than 7 days was higher in the group with high self image(p=.002). The self image was higher in the group who take analgesics occasionally than the group who take daily(p=.009) and in the group with irregular menstruation(p=.024). Emotional tone was higher in the group with irregular menstruation(p=.008), and psychopathology was higher in the group who take analgesics occasionally(p=.008). Family relationship was higher in the group with bleeding period less than 7 days(p=.004), in the group who take analgesics occasionally(p=.007) and in the group with irregular menstruation(p=.015). Mastery and coping was higher in the group with bleeding period less than 7 days(p=.026). Adaptation was higher in the group with irregular menstruation(p=.034). Also optimism was higher in the group with bleeding period less than 7 days(p=.005), in the group who experienced menorrhalgia a few years after menarche(p=.014) and the group with irregular menstruation(p=.027). Self-efficacy was higher in the group of polymenorrhea(p=.029). Because menstruation is related with psychiatric factors, it is necessary to ask menstruation history and psychiatric status. This study can be used in the development of the questionnaire for the oriental medical examination.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2003

Purpose: The study was to furnish basic raw materials that evaluate the efficacy of meatal care according to the form and the relative importance of symptom distress which most of cancer sufferers have been experienced. For that, an investigation of five diverse major cancer symptom distress made a comparison between symptom distress and degree of suffering. Method: Study subjects were 138 inpatients with stomach cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), large intestine cancer and breast cancer, except those in the terminal-stage, in 'H' university hospital in Seoul and 'K' center in Ilsan gathered from November 20, 2002 to February 20, 2003. To measure the correlation between feeling of discomfort and agony caused by cancer, 5 point scale (from zero to four), stood on the basis of Symptom Distress Scale (SDS, Rodes & Watson, 1987), was used for this study and the Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.95. Accumulated data was analyzed with SPSS 10.0 for window, also used by ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Pearson's Correlation Analysis. Results: 1. Symptom distress of cancer patients was noted and defined in their severity-fatigue, anorexia, pain, depression, dyspepsia, changing appearance and nausea. The degree of symptom distress was fatigue, dyspepsia, depression, anorexia, pain, changing appearance and the degree of suffering was nausea, pain, anorexia, dyspepsia, vomiting, breathing difficulty, changing appearance and fatigue. 2. Examining the difference of degree of symptom distress in each cancer cases, it takes the precedence of them. First, in case of stomach cancer, depression, pain, vomiting and nausea were shown in sequence. In case of lung cancer depression, pain, sleeping problem, anxiety, changing appearance, inattentiveness and vomiting were showed in sequence, depression, changing appearance, sleeping problem, pain in case of HCC, depression, pain in case of large intestine cancer and lastly in case of breast cancer changing appearance, depression, pain and anxiety were shown in sequence. The category of the degree of symptom distress that has a signifiant difference was anorexia, activity discomfort, fatigue, constipation or diarrhea, breathing difficulty, dyspepsia, caughing, fever or chillness, scotoma and urinary disorder. Verifying the highest degree of symptom distress in each cancer cases, anorexia was 1.94(F=4.00, p<.01) in stomach cancer, activity discomfort was 0.97(F=3.08, p<.01) in lung cancer and HCC, fatigue was 2.32(F=4.64, p<.01) in HCC, constipation or diarrhea was 1.83(F=22.31, p<.001) in large intestine cancer, breathing difficulty was 1.83(F=4.00, p<.01) in lung cancer, dyspepsia was 2.69(F=9.98, p<.001) in stomach cancer, coughing was 1.53(F=20.49, p<.001) in lung cancer, fever or chillness was 1.23(F=6.88, p<.001) in lung cancer, scotoma was 1.20(F=3.02, p<.05) in lung cancer and urinary disorder was 1.54(F=11.56, p<.001) in HCC. 3. Examining the difference degree of suffering on cancer cases, the result was as follows; depression of lung cancer was 1.17(F=3.76, p<.01), anorexia of stomach cancer was 1.61(F=3.89, p<.01), constipation or diarrhea of large intestine cancer was 1.42(F=10.43, p<.001), changing appearance of breast cancer was 1.65(F=5.43, p<.001), breathing difficulty of lung cancer was 2.27(F=18.57, p<.001), dyspepsia of stomach cancer was 1.97(F=13.56, p<.001), coughing of lung cancer was 1.70(F=22.07, p<.001), fever or chillness of lung cancer was 1.13(F=4.41, p<.01), scotoma of lung cancer was 0.87(F=3.34, p<.05), anxiety of lung cancer was 0.87(F=4.50, p<.001) and urinary disorder of HCC was 1.43(F=16.71, p<.001). 4. In consequence, comparing between symptom distress and degree of suffering on cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, lung cancer patients showed the highest feeling of discomfort following stomach cancer, HCC, breast cancer and large intestine cancer(F=2.88, p<.05). On those undergoing radiotherapy, lung cancer, HCC, breast cancer, large intestine cancer was in sequence(F=3.78, p<.05) and those resisting radiotherapy, lung cancer, HCC, stomach cancer, large intestine cancer and breast cancer was in sequence(F=2.72, p<.05). 5. Correlation between symptom distress and degree of suffering on cancer patients was generally significant. Conclusion: this study not only defines a significant correlation between symptom distress and degree of suffering but also proffers basic data to evaluate the efficient meatal care depending upon diverse spectrums of symptom distress and degree of suffering.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.793-799
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• 2002

Four feeds, three concentrates (rice bran, soybean meal and flaked corn) and one forage (corn silage) were incubated in four ruminally fistulated Holstein steers over three one week periods in a 3${\times}$4 incomplete latin square design where steers served as blocks and feeds as treatment. The objectives of the study were to investigate in situ DM, N and P degradability characteristics of feeds in order to assess availability of these nutrients by ruminants. In each period, all feeds were incubated in quadruplets (corn silage in triplicates) in the rumen of each steer in a reverse order for 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 48 h. The DM 'a' fraction was higher and lower (p<0.001) in corn silage and rice bran respectively. Although corn silage contained the lowest (p<0.01) DM 'b' fraction, flaked corn contained the highest. Rate of DM degradation of flaked corn and corn silage were half (p<0.05) of the rate of DM degradation of either rice bran or soybean meal. Potential or effective DM degradability (p<0.05 to 0.001) at various passage rates were the lowest for rice bran and the highest for soybean meal. Corn silage N 'a' and 'b' was the highest and lowest, respectively (p<0.01). N 'c' of corn silage and rice bran was higher (p<0.001) than other feeds. Potential N degradability was the lowest in flaked corn (p<0.05). P 'a' was high (p<0.01) for corn silage and rice bran. P 'b' fraction was very high (p<0.001) in soybean meal but was absent in corn silage. Availability of DM (p<0.01 or 0.001), N (p<0.001) and P (p<0.05) differed between feeds at various passage rates except P availability at k=0.02 per h (p>0.05). The results demonstrate that the availability of DM, N and P by ruminants depends on feed as well as categories of animal.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.731-739
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• 2023

In this study, lab-scale phosphorus coagulation/precipitation experiments were performed using three types of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) with different Al contents (10%, 12%, and 17%). The PO₄-P removal efficiencies at various operating conditions, such as initial PO₄-P concentration, initial pH, and Al/P molar ratio, were evaluated, and correlations among the operating factors affecting phosphorus coagulation/precipitation with PAC were derived to optimize the process efficiency. When the initial PO₄-P concentration was 0.065 and 0.161 mmol P/L under an initial pH of 8-10, the optimal PAC dose was 0.126-0.378 and 0.189-0.667 mmol Al/L, respectively. Under these conditions, the Al/P molar ratio was 2.16-6.18 and 1.28-4.30, respectively, and the PO₄-P removal efficiency was in the range of 40.2-92.5%. When the Al/P molar ratio was 2 or less under an initial pH condition of 6-8, the PO₄-P removal efficiency was approximately ≤40% owing to insufficient Al³⁺ ions. However, when the Al/P molar ratio is 3-5, the PO₄-P removal efficiency improved to approximately 80-90%. Thus, the optimal Al/P molar ratio to achieve a PO₄-P removal efficiency of over 90% was determined to be approximately 4 in the PO₄-P coagulation/precipitation process using PAC.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluated dental health promotion behavior and dental health belief of dental hygiene students in Gwangju and Chunnam. The results of this study were as follow: (1) Higher perceived susceptibility was more decreased grade(p<0.001) and more decreased economic level(p<0.05), more perceived dental healthy(p<0.001). Higher perceived benefit was more increased grade(p<0.001), at perceived health was very unhealth(p<0.05), at perceived dental health was very unhealth(p<0.05), in case of dental office visit before 1 year was highier(p<0.01). Higher perceived seriousiness was at middle economic level(0.01), more increased perceived unhealth status(p<0.05) and perceived unhealthy dental status(p<0.01). Higher perceived salience was more increased grade(p<0.001), in case of dental office visit before 1 year was highier(p<0.001). Higher perceived barrier was more increased grade(p<0.001), more increased economic level(p<0.05), at perceived health was very unhealth(p<0.01). (2) Higher dental health promotion behavior was more increase grade in preventive dental utilization and user dental health recomended device and selection eating case of healthful food to dental health and selection uneating case of harmful food to dental health(p<0.05). (3) performance in dental health promotion behavior was significantly correlated with perceived susceptibility(r=-0.081), perceived benefit (r=0.133), perceived seriousiness(r=0.210), perceived salience(r=0.187).

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.213-216
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• 2001

The use of a thin film of indium between the ITO and the $n^{+}$-InP contact layers for InP/InGaAs HPTs was studied without degrading its excellent optical transmittance properties. ITO/$n^{+}$-InP ohmic contact was successfully achieved by the deposition of Indium and thermal annealing. The specific contact resistance of about 6.6$\times$$10^{-4}$$\Omega\textrm{cm}^2$ was measured by use of the transmission line method (TLM). However, as the thermal annealing was just performed to ITO/$n^{+}$-InP contact without the deposition of Indium between ITO and $n^{+}$-InP, it exhibited schottky characteristics. In the applications, the DC characteristics of InP/InGaAs HPTs with ITO emitter contacts was compared with that of InP/InGaAs HBTs with the opaque emitter contacts.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1987

A pot experiment conducted to investigate the root elongation and weight of grasses, i.e. Orchardgrass, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass under the conditions adjusted pH of half vertical part of pot soil to seven levels from 2 to 8. 1. Root growth was drastically decreased as soil pH was lowed. 2. Higer the soil pH, longer the root length. Increase of soil pH to 6 increased the root length of orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. 3. Regardless of grass species, most of roots distributed to the soil which adjusted pH from 6 to 7. 4. Dry weight of root was increased to pH 7 of soil in orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass and was 55 to 78% of production of pH 6 compared with soil pH 7. In case of tall fescue, dry root weight in the soil pH 7 was 69.8% of root weight growed in soil pH 6.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 1992

Five varieties of silage corn were cultivated to compare the growth characteristics and productivity. Corn varieties were Pioneer 3144(P 3144), 3160(P 3160), 3282(P 3282), 3352(P 3352) and Suweon 19 (S 19). The corns were seeded on May 2 and harvested on August 15, and measured the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, and yields of fresh and dry matter. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Plant height of P 3352 and P 3144 grown about 280cm throughout the experimental period was the tallest(P<.Ol), and those of P 3160, P 3282 and Suweon 19 ranged from 246.3 to 256.0 cm. 2. Leaf length is the longest in P 3352 and the shortest in P 3282(97.63cm vs 84.17cm), and there was significant(P<.Ol) difference between corn varieties. 3. Stem diameter was the longest in P 3144 and the shortest(P<.Ol) in P 3352(3.28cm vs 2.66cm). 4. P 3144, P 3282 and P 3352 had the greatest(P<.Ol) fresh matter yields per 10a in leaf, stem, and ear and whole plant, respectively. 5. Dry matter yield of P 3282 was the greatest(P<.Ol) in stem(1,080.6 kg/lOa) and leaf(304.5 kg/lOa), and that of P 3352 was the greatest in ear(864.1 kg/lOa) and whole plant yield(2,021 kg/lOa). 6. Ratios of respective part of corn to total dry matter were ranged from 12.7 to 17.8 76 for leaf, 44.5 to 66.9% for stem and husks, and 16.9 to 42.8 % for ear, and the highest in P 3160, P 3160 and P 3352, respectively. Consequently, P 3352, P 3144 and P 3282 shown high productivity in dry matter yield could be recommended as a reliable corn varieties for silage.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 1999

Eleven species of Pythium were isolated from leaf blight symptoms on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustirs Huds.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratenisis L.) and zoysiagrasses (Zoysia japonica Steud., and Z. matrella (L.) Merr.) planted on golf courses in Korea. Mycelial growth on potato carrot agar medium under various temperature conditions indicated that Pythium species obtained in this study could be divided into four groups based on their responses to temperature conditions. P. vanterpoolii was found to favor low temperature conditions with the optimum temperature of $25^{\circ}$, whereas P. aphanidermatum and P. myriotylum favored relatively high temperature conditions with the optimum temperature of $35^{\circ}$. Other species including P. arrhenomanes, P. catenulatum, P. graminicola, P. oligandrum, P. rostratum, P. torulosum, and P. ultimum were the intermediate group with the optimum temperature of 25~$35^{\circ}$. P. periplocum was similar to the intermediate group but the minimum temperature for its mycelial growth was $15^{\circ}$, which was approximately $5^{\circ}$ above that for the intermediate Pythium spp.group. In the pathogenicity tests conducted in the lab using potted plants, P. aphanidermatum, P.a arrhenomanes, P. catenulatum, P. graminicola, P. myriotylum, P. periplocum, P. rostratum, P. torulosum, P. ultimum, and P. vanterpoolii were found to be pathogenic to creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass. P. aphanidermatum, P. catenulatum, and P. graminicola were frequently isolated from leaf blight symptoms of creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass in golf courses during the warm and humid periods in July-August. On the other hand, P. vanterpoolii and P. torulosum were frequently isolated during the cool and humid periods in March-May, suggesting both species might be the major causes of leaf blight occurring in the spring time. Zoysiagrass was susceptible to P. arrhenomanes and the heterothallic Pythium sp. (Ht-F), showing stem and crown rot of turf-grasses at poorly drained areas under coool and humid or rainy conditions. P. oligandrum and the heterothallic Pythium sp. (Ht-L) isolated from creeping bentgrass were avirulent to all species of turfgrasses tested in this study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3725-3728
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• 2013

Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) /RPS6KB1 activation has recently been implicated in tumour development, but its role in lung cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of mTOR/RPS6KB1 signaling pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and its downstream ribosomal phosphorylated RPS6KB1 (p-RPS6KB1) in NSCLC patients. We also analyzed p-mTOR/p-RPS6KB1 protein expression in 45 fresh NSCLC tissues using Western blotting. Results: The expression level of p-mTOR and p-RPS6KB1 was significantly higher in NSCLC tumor specimens than that in adjacent noncancerous normal lung tissues (P<0.01). p-mTOR expression correlated with p-RPS6KB1. Furthermore, high expression level of p-mTOR or p-RPS6KB1 in NSCLC was associated with a shorter overall survival (both P<0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated high level of p-mTOR expression was an independent prognostic factor (HR=2.642, 95%CI 1.157-4.904, p=0.002). Conclusions: p-mTOR and p-RPS6KB1 could be useful prognostic markers for NSCLC.