• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.10
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• pp.99-108
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to investigate biological activity of ABA and its analogues on barley shoot growth and peroxidase activity in barley seedlings. The treatments of 3.2 ppm (+)-ABA, 1.2 ppm (S)-(+)-ABA, 0.6 ppm ABA-methyl cinnamate ester compound (AC), and 0.08 ppm ABA-umbelliferone ester compound (AU) inhibited the growth of barley seedlings by more than 80% as compared with untreated control. The increase in barley shoot-inhibit activity of (S)-(+)-ABA became 3-fold than the activity of racemic ABA, and those of AC and AU higher than that of (S)-(+)-ABA by about 2.5 and 16 times, respectively. Peroxidase activities of barley shoots during the early growth stage were kept at a constant levels without ABA treatment, but in the treatment of racemic ABA, (S)-(+)-ABA, AC and AU increased the activities. Furthermore, the peroxidase activities increased as the higher concentration of ABA and its analogues were applied.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.482-488
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• 1996

The experiment was carried out to the find variation of the sugar contents in the tip and basal part of the cotyledon and remaining portion of embryos in Phaseolus vulgahs seeds during germination with HPLC analysis method. Water content in cotyledon of kidney bean seed was about 6.4~6.5 of fresh weight and incresed to 45.8~71.2% during germination showing that tip part of cotyledon has more water content by 1.1~3.8% compared to the lower part of it. Higher water onten was observed in the rest parts of the seed except cotyledon such as plumule, radicle and hypocotyl showing that it increased to 72.2~93.3% depending on the different tissue organs. Main important sugars in kidney seeds during germination stages are; raffinose, sucrose, glucose and fructose, and the amount are differed with the kinds of embryo in kidney bean seed organs and stages of germination. Raffinose amount in kidney bean is increasing repeatly when seeds become wet but disappear it soon after seed have germinated especially in growing embryo parts. Raffinose in basal parts of cotyledons were still presented some an amount after germination. Sucrose is synthesized highly in plumule embryo at the beginning stage of germination but disappeared it from 5 days after seeding stages. Amount of sucrose in cotyledon of kidney seeds and seedlings increased continuously after germination. The amount of glucose and fructose in the cotyledons of kidney seeds during germination varied 5~10% or 5~15% but in the germinating and growing organs, plumule, they increased continuously after germination.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.427-432
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• 1999

For the development of a multifunctional biocontrol agent, the siderophore-producing strain GL7 was isolated from a rhizosphere on chrome azurol S agar. The GL7 was identified as a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescents on the basis of their reactions to standard physicochemcial tests from Bergey's manual, API diagnostic test, and fatty acid analysis. P. fluorescents GL7 considerably inhibited spore germination and hyphal growth of phytopathogenic fungus Funsarium solani in a dual culture. In pot trials of bean with P. fluorescens GL7, the disease incidence was significantly reduced down to 5% from 70% of incidence in the untreated control. P. fluorescens GL7 also enhanced plant growth to nearly 1.5 times than that of the untreated control, promoting elongation and development of the roots. These results suggest that the plant growth-promoting P. fluorescens GL7 can play an important role in the biological control of soil-borne plant disease in a rhizosphere.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2013

A concerted effort to develop alternative forms of energy is underway due to fossil fuel shortages and its deleterious effects. Recently, bioenergy from microalgae has gained prominence and the use of municipal wastewater as a low cost alternative for a nutrient source has significant advantages. In this study, we have employed municipal wastewater directly after primary treatment (primary settling basin) in a small scale raceway pond (SSRP) for microalgal growth. Indigenous microalgae in the wastewater were encouraged to grow in the SSRP under optimal conditions. The mean removal efficiencies of TN, TP, and $NH_3-N$ after 6 days were 77.77%, 63.55%, and 89.02%, respectively. The average lipid content of the microalgae was 19.51% of dry cell weight, and linolenate and linoleate (18:n) were the predominant fatty acids. The 18S rRNA gene analysis and microscopic observations of the indigenous microalgae community revealed the presence of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus as the dominant microalgae. These results indicate that untreated municipal wastewater, serving as an excellent nitrogen and phosphate source for microalgal growth, could be treated using microalgae in open raceway ponds. Moreover, microalgal biomass could be further profitable by the extraction of biodiesel.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1974

The 23 representative bacteria were studied for the glucosamine contents which represent the glycolipid content of the cell wall. The distribution of glycolipid in various bacteria was examined and the relationship between the glycolipid contents and the Gram stain was elucidated. The results were as follows: 1. The contents of glucosamine in the glycolipid of Gram negative and variable bacterial cell wall were large ranging from the least 0.04 ${\mu}g$ of Proteus vulgaris to the largest 2.48 ${\mu}g$ of Aerobacter aerogenes. The Gram positive bacteria and only those Gram positive among Bacilli contained less than 0.02 ${\mu}g$ of glucosamine contents. The least glucosamine containing Gram positive bacteria were Corynebacterium sepedonicum and Staphylococcus aureus. It could generally be said that the Gram negative and variable bacteria contain the higher content of glucosamine in the cell wall than the positives. 2. The bacteria were better stained by the Gram solution after the extraction of glycolipid from the cell wall than those without extraction. 3. The four infrared spectra of glycolipids obtained from Aerobacter aerogenes, Bacillus circulans, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Salmonella typhirurium showed all the similar characteristics. All showed the existence of groups; OH, C-O, C-O-C, $CH_2+CH_3$, amide band, fatty acid ester band and ester carbonyl bond.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1292-1297
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• 1999

A preference test on feed and nutrient intakes were conducted on four male ($1.25{\pm}0.08kg$) and four female ($1.21{\pm}0.15kg$) lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) in captivity. Each animal was kept in individual cages placed in a well-ventilated animal house. The experiment was conducted in two weeks, where the first week was for adaptation to the feeds and the second week for measurements of nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. The feeds offered were kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica), long bean (Vigna sinensis) and french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) as roughages and proteinaceous feeds; sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and carrot (Daucus carota) as carbohydrate-rich feeds; and commercial rabbit pellet (0.3 cm diameter and 0.5 cm long) as a complete feed. The dry matter (DM) content of each feed in the order mentioned above was 7.1, 6.1, 3.9, 18.5, 6.2 and 87.6%, respectively. Long bean had the highest protein (CP) content (29.7%), while sweet potato had the lowest (6.2%). The CP contents of other feeds were within the range of 14.2 - 25.1%. Among the feeds, carrot had the lowest energy content (3.83 kcal/g) and long bean the highest (4.67 kcal/g). When fresh weight of the feed was considered, the male mouse deer consumed sweet potato the most ($86.3{\pm}12.90g/d$), but the female had a high preference for carrot ($79.2{\pm}9.76g/d$). The other feeds were consumed in lesser amounts. However, in terms of DM of the feed, the amount of commercial pellet consumed was the highest for both male ($45.0{\pm}5.10%$) and female ($44.7{\pm}7.38%$) mouse deer, followed by sweet potato ($33.1{\pm}4.43%$ and $22.4{\pm}7.73%$ for male and female, respectively). Significant (p<0.05) differences in DM, organic matter (OM) and gross energy (GE) intakes were observed between male and female mouse deer. The male consumed higher amount of DM, OM and GE than the female. The total DM intake was $40.7{\pm}2.24g/d/kg$ $W^{0.75}$ for male and $35.9{\pm}1.72g/d/kg$ $W^{0.75}$ for female mouse deer. Percentage digestibilities of DM, OM, CP and GE were within 72.7~80.8% and were not significantly different between male and female mouse deer. However, male mouse deer had significantly (p<0.05) higher digestible DM, OM and GE intakes than the female. Both male and female mouse deer were in positive nitrogen balance (0.6 g N/d/kg $W^{0.75}$). The male mouse deer gained $7.6{\pm}3.45g/d$, while the female gained $4.3{\pm}2.40g/d$.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2002

The extracts from approximately 40 different Korean traditional medicines were prepared to investigate the antimicrobial activities against poultry disease-related bacteria. Among tested, the extracts of Schizandra chinensis (SC), Melia azedarach (MA), Caesalpinia sappan (CS) and Rhus javanica (RJ) exhibited significant antimicrobial activities against Salmonella gallinarum, whereas the extracts of Elsholtzia ciliata (EC), Myristica fragrans (MF), Alpinia katsumadai (AK), Poncirus trifoliata (PT), Prunella vulgaris (PV), CS and RJ exhibited antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of MA, CS and RJ extracts against S. gallinarum were 1.2 mg/ml, whereas MIC of RJ extract for S. aureus was 0.6 ㎎/ml, which was the lowest among tested. The antimicrobial activities of SC and RJ extracts against S. gallinarum were reduced, but those of AK and CS extracts against S. aureus were not affected by heating treatment. The antimicrobial activities of SC extract against S. gallinarum and those of EC, PT and RJ extracts against S. aureus were stable by acid treatment but unstable by alkaline treatment. those of CS extract was not effected by either acid or alkaline treatment. The growth of all bacteria was significantly inhibited within 24 hours by the addition of at least 100 ppm and 300 ppm of RJ and CS extracts, respectively, compared with the control group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that RJ and CS extracts may play important roles for antimicrobial activities against poultry disease-related bacteria.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.3 s.58
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• pp.201-208
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• 2006

Propionibacterium acnes have been recognized as pus-forming bacteria triggering an inflammation in acne. The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial activities of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai against these etiologic agents of acne vulgaris and application possibility as a cosmetic resource. D. crassirhizoma crude extract and hexane fraction was prepared and its anti-acne effect against Propionibacterium acnes was investigated with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and paper disk diffusion method. The MIC of D. crassirhizoma crude extract and hexane fraction was 0.008 mg/mL and 0.001 mg/mL, respectively. This implies that D. crassirhizoma extract may be an efficient anti-acne ingredient for cosmetics, as a crude extract. The paper disk diffusion assay showed that its anti-acne effect was similar to that of triclosan. The cytotoxic effect of D. crassirhizoma extract was determined by a colorimetric MTT assay using HaCaT cell line and D. crassirhizoma extract exhibited lower cytotoxic effects. Finally, we examine the stability of D. crassirhizoma extract to temperature and pH. The D. crassirhizoma extract was very stable to high temperatures ($25{\sim}121^{\circ}C$) and to wide pH range ($pH\; 2{\sim}11$), suggesting its utilization for cosmetics.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2013

The black soldier fly larvae are able to decompose various organic wastes such as livestock manures and food wastes. We tested whether the quality of the insect derived compost, i.e. larval feces, was comparable to that of a commercial fertilizer. Chemical analysis of Hermetia. illucens compost was suitable as a fertilizer. When the kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was raised on the culture soil treated with the H. illucens compost, the growth of leaf area, total dry weight and leaf dry weight increased significantly. The H. illucens compost is thought to act as an increasing factor of RGR (relative growth rate) from the beginning of growth and also had a great effect on the relative growth rate throughout the late stage of growth. There is high statistical significance between NAR (net assimilation rate) and RGR (relative growth rate), but no significance between RGR and LAR (leaf assimilation rate) of the treatments. In addition, the treatment of H. illucens compost promoted the thickness of leaves from the beginning of growth and the tendency of thickening leaves from the beginning of growth and the effect continued throughout the late period of growth. When mixed with 50% of H. illucens compost rather than 25%, it showed the greater effect on the plant growth.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.162-170
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to suggest the raw data on establishing the domestic wetland conservation plan. The results of this study were as follows. The vascular plants were summarized as 201 taxa in Ahnshim wetland; 57 families, 154 genera, 179 species and 22 varieties. The rare and endangered plant designated by Korea Forest Service was Hydorcharis dubia. In the wetland plants, the emerged plants were showed Typha angustata, Beckmannia syzigachne, Zizania latifolia, Phragmites communis, Persicaria thunbergii, Oenanthe javanica and Veronica undulata, and the submerged plants were Potamogeton crispus, Vallisneria asiatica, Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum verticillatum. And the floating leaved plants were confirmed Potamogeton distinctus, Hydrocharis dubia, Nelumbo nucifera and Nymphoides peltata, and the floating plants were Salvinia natans, Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna paucicostata. The naturalized plants were 33 taxa; Avena fatua, Dactylis glomerata, Rumex crispus, Rumex conglomeratus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Lepidium apetalum, Tlaspi arvense, Descurainia pinnata, Potentilla supina, Vicia villosa, Robinia pseruo-acacia, Amorpha fruticosa, Trifolium repens, Medicago sativa, Ailanthus altissima, Euphorbia supina, Oenothera lamarckiana, Quamoclit angulata, Ipomoea purpurea, Solanum nigrum, Veronica perisca, Helianthus tuberosus, Ambrosia artemisifolia var. elatior, Xanthium strumarium, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Conyza sumatrensis, Senecio vulgaris, Bidens frondosa, Tagetes minuta, Taraxacum officinale, Taraxacum laevigatum and Sonchus oleraceus.