• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2017

Pump sump system or pumping stations are built to draw water from a source such as river and used for irrigation, thermal power plants etc. If pump sump is improperly shaped or sized, air entraining vortices or submerged vortices may develop. This may greatly affect pump operation if vortices grow to an appreciable extent. Moreover, the noise and vibration of the pump can be increased by the remaining of vortices in the pump flow passage. Therefore, the vortices in the pump flow passage have to be reduced for a good performance of pump sump station. In this study, the effect of pump intake leaning angle and flow rate on the pump sump internal flow has been investigated. There are three cases with different leaning angle. Moreover, a pipe type with elbow also has been studied. The flow rate with three classes of air entraining vortices has been examined and investigated by decreasing the water level. The result shows that the air entraining vortices easily occurs at the pump intake with large leaning angle. Moreover, the elbow type of the pump intake easily occurs air entraining vortices at the high flow rate (or velocity) in comparison to other pump intake type.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2006

This paper represents a numerical study of the flow field due to the interactions between a pair of vortices produced by vortex generators in a rectangular channel flow. In order to analyze longitudinal vortices induced by the vortex generators, the pseudo-compressibility method is introduced into the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Strokes equations of a 3-dimensional unsteady, incompressible viscous flow. A two-layer $k-{\epsilon}$ turbulence model is applied to a flat plate 3-dimensional turbulence boundary to predict the flow structure and turbulence characteristics of the vortices. The computational results predict accurately the vortex characteristics related to the flow field, the Reynolds shear stresses and turbulent kinetic energy. Also, in the prediction of skin friction characteristics the computational results are reasonably close to those of the experiment obtained from other researchers.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.672-681
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• 2004

Direct numerical simulation was carried out to study the vortical structures of the flow around a wall-mounted cube in a channel at Re=1,000 and Re=3,500 based on cubic height and bulk mean velocity. The cubic obstacle is situated in the entrance region of the channel flow where the boundary layers are developing. Upstream of the obstacle, steady and unsteady laminar horseshoe vortex systems are observed at Re=1,000 and Re=3,500, respectively; the near-wake flow is turbulent in both cases. The flow separates at each leading sharp edge of the cube, and subsequent vortex roll-up is noticed in the corresponding free-shear layer. The vortex shedding from the upper leading edge (upper vortices) and that from the two lateral leading edges (lateral vortices) are both quasi-periodic and their frequencies are computed. The upper and lateral vortices further develop into hairpin and Λ vortices, respectively. A series of instantaneous contours of the second invariant of velocity gradient tensor helps us identify spatial and temporal behaviors of the vortices in detail. The results indicate that the length and time scales of the vortical structures at Re=3,500 are much shorter than those at Re:1,000. Correlations between the upper and lateral vortices are also reported.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.849-855
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• 2015

A better flow condition for the intake of pump is provided by the sump pump that connects the forebay to the intake of the pump station. If the suction sump is improperly shaped or sized, air-entraining vortices or submerged vortices may develop. These phenomena may greatly affect pump operation if vortices become sufficiently large. Moreover, any remaining vortices in the pump flow passage may result in an increase in the noise and vibration of the pump. Therefore, the vortices in the pump flow passage must be reduced to achieve good pump sump station performance. In this study, the effect of suction pipe leaning angle on the pump sump's internal flow is investigated. Additionally, a pipe type with an elbow shape is investigated. The results show that the air entraining vortices occur under the condition of a water level ratio H/D = 1.31 for each suction pipe type.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1355-1364
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• 2001

Characteristics of secondary vortices is topologically investigated in the near-wake region of a circular cylinder, where the Taylor's hypothesis does nut hold. The three-dimensional flow fields in the wake-transition regime were measured by a time-resolved PIV for various planes of view. The convection velocities of the Karman and secondary vortices are evaluated from the trajectory of the vortex center. Then, saddle points are determined by applying the critical point theory. It is shown that the inclination angle of the secondary vortices agrees well with the previous experimental data. The flow fields in a moving frame of reference have several critical points and the mushroom-like structure appears in the streamline patterns of the secondary vortices. Since the distributions of fluctuating Reynolds stresses defined by triple decomposition are closely related with the existence of secondary vortices, the physical meaning of them is explained in conjunction with the vortex center and saddle point trajectories.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2011

Concave surface boundary-layer flows are subjected to centrifugal instability which results in the formation of streamwise counter-rotating vortices. Such boundary layer flows have been experimentally investigated on concave surfaces of 1 m and 2 m radius of curvature. In the experiments, to obtain uniform vortex wavelengths, thin perturbation wires placed upstream and perpendicular to the concave surface leading edge, were used to pre-set the wavelengths. Velocity contours were obtained from hot-wire anemometer velocity measurements. The most amplified vortex wavelengths can be pre-set by the spanwise spacing of the thin wires and the free-stream velocity. The velocity contours on the cross-sectional planes at several streamwise locations show the growth and breakdown of the vortices. Three different vortex growth regions can be identified. The occurrence of a secondary instability mode is also shown as mushroom-like structures as a consequence of the non-linear growth of the streamwise vortices. Wall shear stress measurements on concave surface of 1 m radius of curvature reveal that the spanwise-averaged wall shear stress increases well beyond the flat plate boundary layer values. By pre-setting much larger or much smaller vortex wavelength than the most amplified one, the splitting or merging of the streamwise vortices will respectively occur.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2024

This paper examines the flow characteristics around an inclined prism with a U-shaped cross-section ("U-profile") and investigates the connection between the flow and flow-induced vibrations. The study employs a combined approach that involves wind tunnel experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence model. Distinct vortex formation patterns are observed in the flow field surrounding the stationary inclined profile. When the cavity of the profile faces away from the incoming flow, large vortices develop behind the profile. Conversely, when the cavity is oriented towards the oncoming flow, these vortices form within the cavity. Notably, due to the slow movement of these large vortices through the cavity, the frequency at which vortices are shed in the negative inclination case is lower compared to the positive inclination, where they form in the wake. Wind tunnel experiments reveal an intermittent transition between the two vortex formation patterns at zero inclination. Large vortices sporadically emerge both in the cavity and behind the profile. The simulation results demonstrate that when these large vortices occur at a frequency close to the structure's natural frequency, they induce prominent pitch vibrations. This phenomenon is also sought after and presented in coupled vibration experiments. Additionally, the simulations indicate that when the natural frequency of the structure is considerably lower than the vortex shedding frequency, this type of vibration can be observed.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.193-196
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• 2008

The vortical structures in a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) developed over a flat plate have been investigated experimentally. The flow conditions tested in this study were Re$_{\theta}$ = 3700, Re$_{\delta}$ = 11${\times}$105 and the shape factor H = 1.3. Instantaneous velocity fields in the streamwise-wall-normal planes were measured by using a dynamic PIV system. A trip-wire and sandpapers were placed behind the leading edge to promote the turbulent transition. 1000 velocity fields were obtained consecutively with a time interval of 1 millisecond. Streamwise u-velocity components were temporally averaged in the measuring plane. In addition, 2000 velocity fields were obtained randomly and ensemble-averaged to get the fully-developed turbulent characteristics. Profiles of the normalized u-component, turbulent intensities and Reynolds shear stress were evaluated. The structures of spanwise vortices were extracted from the instantaneous velocity fields by determining the swirling strength, ${\lambda}_{ci}$. The wall-normalized locations of vortices were temporally averaged in the measuring plane with respect to their rotational direction. The correlations between the temporally averaged u and the temporally averaged $y^+$ of vortices were evaluated. For the case of positive vortices, the correlation is not significant. However, the negative vortices show a strong negative correlation. The y-location of negative vortices tends to increase, as the averaged u decreases and vice versa. These findings indicate that the number of negative vortices in the outer layer increases during the outward bursting events.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

항공기에서 발생한 후류의 거동은 항공기의 성능과 비행안정성에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 푸리에-스펙트럴법을 사용하여 근접 편대비행을 하고 있는 항공기 날개 후류 거동에 관하여 연구하였다. 초기와의 순환강도, 상대위치 등에 따라 와들의 거동이 복잡한 양상으로 나타났다. 와의 순환강도 값이 큰 경우 와들의 이동이 크게 나타났다. 초기에는 가까이 위치한 와의 영향을 받아 이동하지만 이동하는 과정에서 다른 와와 가깝게 되면 새로운 경로를 형성하였다. 점성이 클수록 와의 반경이 증가하여 와 반경 근처로 새롭게 진입하는 와와 상호작용이 강해진다. 향후 항공기가 이착륙 시에 발생하는 지면 효과를 고려한 후류 거동 해석 연구를 수행하고자 한다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.569-580
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• 2005

The present study investigates the convective heat/mass transfer characteristics in wavy ducts of a primary surface heat exchanger. The effects of duct aspect ratio and flow velocity on the heat/mass transfer are investigated. Local heat/mass transfer coefficients on the corrugated duct sidewall are determined using a naphthalene sublimation technique. The aspect ratios of the wavy duct are 7.3, 4.7 and 1.8 with the corrugation angle of $145\Omega$. The Reynolds numbers, based on the duct hydraulic diameter, vary from 300 to 3,000. The results show that at the low Re(Re $\leq$ 1000) the secondary vortices called Taylor-Gortler vortices perpendicular to the main flow direction are generated due to effect of duct curvature. By these secondary vortices, non-uniform heat/mass transfer coefficients distributions appear. As the aspect ratio decreases, the number of cells formed by secondary vortices are reduced and secondary vortices and comer vortices mix due to decreased aspect ratio at Re$\leq$1000. At Re >1000, the effects of corner vortices become stronger. The average Sh for the aspect ratio of 7.3 and 4.7 are almost same. But at the small aspect ratio of 1.8, the average Sh decreases due to decreased aspect ratio. More pumping power (pressure loss) is required for the larger aspect ratio due to the higher flow instability.