• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the present state, types of services, difficulties, education programs, motivation, satisfaction and attitude of hospice volunteers and also to suggest supporting programs for the volunteer. For these purposes, a questionnaire was distributed among the 200 hospice volunteers in ten hospice organizations in Daejeon and Chungcheong province. In this research, 85.5% of the respondents were women and most of them were housewives in their forties and fifties. The majority of hospice volunteers had an education background of more than high school. Christianity (94%) was the dominant religion of volunteers. Among the service area of the hospice, emotional caring, such as listening closely and establishing empathy were the most frequently done by the respondents and the next one was spiritual care. Hospice volunteers who had started with altruistic motivation show more dynamic activities in emotional, spiritual, physical caring and so on, than those with non-altruistic motivation. Most of the respondents expressed that they felt a hospice volunteer was valuable. However they had a hard time to overcome the sorrow coming from sharing empathy with the dying patients. Those who had started with altruistic motivation usually took part in two times per a week and had more positive attitude. Volunteers who had been working more than five years showed better attitude than those who had been working less than three years. The longer the voluntary services, the more positive attitude experienced by volunteers. Hospice volunteers encountered the most considerable difficulty with lack of background knowledge and their actual capability. Insufficiency of time was the next reason for the considerable difficulty of the hospice volunteer. On the other hand, those who served more than twice per week replied that lack of background knowledge and their capability were the least considerable difficulty. Insufficiency of time was the reason of difficulty for male volunteers, as well as for females under thirty and those in their forties and fifties respectively. Generally most of the hospice volunteers (70%) were satisfied with their services and they usually satisfied with physical caring, spiritual caring, hospice's family caring. The less difficulty in voluntary services, more satisfaction for the volunteers in the end. There is a positive correlation between a attitude of the hospice volunteer and frequency of voluntary services while the volunteers' difficulty affect negatively their attitude as well as the frequency of voluntary services. Most of the hospice volunteers want to have more education about basic skills, volunteer's attitude and role, spirituality, the way of attending on the hospice and so on. Most of them considered discussion and sharing different cases as the most effective method. They also wish to had more supporting programs for the hospice volunteers(in the order of their needs) such as regular events, newsletters, personal concern, social meetings among the volunteers, insurance and minimum expenses. Based on the study results, more programs should be run in order to activate the voluntary services regardless of their gender and education background. A continuous practical supporting policy and education programs are required in order to provide special education and training courses considering every field of voluntary services. Expanding the role of the volunteers allows them more opportunities to take part in voluntary services and th activate participation. It is necessary to establish a new hospice system as a part public medical system, which can not only facilitate the voluntary services for a hospice but also enhance professional hospice volunteers. Finally, experts are needed to operate the voluntary services effectively.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop a program that allows older women to provide voluntary services for child nursing facilities, making those women have more social participation, effectively their spare time and ultimately improve the quality of their life. Results of the study can be described as follows. First, social requests about the use of older women as volunteers for child nursing services were analyzed to show that most people working at child nursing facilities perceived lack in the number of child nursing teachers. Those people recognized the need of using older women as service volunteers for the facilities. They were very positive about such use. Second, it is recommendable that volunteers of child nursing service should be not too much older women, or below 65. Voluntary activities that those women participate include taking care of younger children, reading interesting stories for children, helping works of child homes, teaching manners and living attitudes, instructing dietary etiquettes and cooking. Voluntary service activities should be made 1 to 3 times a week, 1 to 2 hours a time, considering psychological and physical states of older people. Third, such older volunteers should be educated about 6 areas, 'the operation and management of child homes, 'practices', 'child health and safety', 'the quality of child nursing', 'child development and counseling' and 'voluntary service training'. Out of these six areas, 'child health and safety' and 'voluntary service training' are more required to be instructed. such training needs to focus on activities in which older women can actually engage as volunteers. Fourth, it is advisable that the recruitment and management of such volunteers are led by the city and that the development of training programs for voluntary service activities and education of the volunteers are referred to universities.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.195-214
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to suggest a conceptual framework for the vacation reading programs in promoting children's love of reading in public libraries. Within the conceptual framework of free voluntary reading (FVR), the study identified the concept of reading that public libraries should pursue in developing children's reading programs and analyzed current vacation reading programs that four public libraries in Seoul held during winter and summer vacations of 2013. More specifically, the study analyzed (1) their purposes, (2) durations, targeted children groups, the number of children users, (3) their instructors, (4) the content design of the programs, (5) selected books, and (6) completion certificates and rewards for participation. Lastly, the study discussed whether the programs satisfied the characteristics for promoting free voluntary reading and played the roles for vacation reading programs in public libraries. The results of the study suggest the need for shifting the current vacation reading programs to be more inclusive, so that more children can develop to learn love of reading.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.415-423
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was done to examine the relationship between participation motivation, satisfaction and continuance willingness of voluntary activities of nursing students, and to identify factors influencing continuance willingness of voluntary activities. Methods: The research participants were 175 nursing students in the nursing departments of 3 universities located in G city and J province in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: Participants' scores for participation motivation, satisfaction and continuance willingness of voluntary activities were $3.24{\pm}0.76$, $3.11{\pm}0.83$ and $3.03{\pm}0.85$ respectively. Participation motivation and satisfaction of voluntary activities had positive correlations. Satisfaction and continuance willingness of voluntary activities had positive correlations. Factors influencing nursing students' continuance willingness of voluntary activities included participation motivation and satisfaction of voluntary activities. And these variables explained 74% of the variance in continuance willingness of voluntary activities. Conclusion: The findings show that development and application of educational programs to increase participation motivation and satisfaction of voluntary activities are important and will improve nursing students' continuance willingness of voluntary activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.143-147
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• 2005

Immediate responsibilities for occupational health and safety (OHS) management reside in business proprietors and supervisors whose voluntary participation in OHS educational programs, not legal sanctions, may thus lead to safe and pleasant work environments. This study investigates how to promote the effectiveness of OHS educational programs to draw voluntary participations in such programs in Korea To this end, drawbacks of current practices in OHS education are first analyzed, and then OHS related policies in advanced countries in the area of disaster prevention such as United States and Germany, are also scrutinized. Based on the preliminary investigations, the following propositions are made to lay out the foundation for promoting effective OHS educational programs in Korea: improvement of government regulations, revitalizing job training initiatives, on-site OHS education, compensation and incentive programs for OHS education. These propositions may also facilitate the deployment of disaster prevention activities across the organization and prevent various occupational disorders (for example, musculoskeletal disorders). This study emphasizes that monolithic OHS education systems led by regulatory agencies may not be efficient to ensure healthy and safe work environments. Globally competitive OHS educational systems may be established only when they are based on the health and safety requirements specified by proprietors and workers.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.35
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• pp.31-50
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• 1998

The purpose of this study to provide implications for improvement of Korean voluntary sector, by analyzing of program managers' subjective evaluation of voluntary program management and of their view of the needs for outside supports. For this, researchers selected 600 agencies, which are found to have a staff in charge of voluntary programs, and sent a questionnaire by mail. Those agencies are consisted of the following three. areas: social services, civil movement, public sector. The response rate was 65%, and researchers analyzed 382 respondents out of 391, besides those who did not complete the form in full. One of the results was that program managers' subjective evaluation score of overall voluntary program management was 51 points in the perfect score of 100 points. The voluntary program management was consisted of the following six areas: recruiting, job placement, public relations, education(training), program development, and. information system Specifically, program development and information system appeared to be worse than the other areas, and this fact was true in all three types of agencies of social services, civil movements, and public sector. Moreover, program managers in public sector showed that outside supports for voluntary programs (or activities) was more desperately required. Based on the results, researchers concluded that, toward the improvement of voluntary programs, professionalization as well as legal supporting system, networking, and national supporting institution were required.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-39
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate service support programs for the work-family balance in the community. Service support programs in the community are at beginning stages of development, because it has taken about 10 years to put a self-governing system into practice in Korea. This study concentrates on service support programs developed by various service organizations in the city and does not include any rural districts. First, the developmental process of the work-family balance model and type of the service support program in the community were studied. Next, the situation of care service support was examined based on written articles. Finally, a few suggestions were made f3r work-family balance in the community. The developmental situation of work-flmily balance in Korea is in a stage which is shifting from the company-leading model to a family-company-community model. The most common type of service support program offered in the community until now has been the informal sector through relatives, neighbors or friends. However, service support programs, in the public sector by the government and in the voluntary sector by nonprofit organizations and corporations, has rapidly been growing and the number of services from each sector has also increased. Profit organizations in the private sector, such as medical and care service centers, are also now rapidly increasing. It appears that service support programs contributing to the work-family balance in the community come from a number of sectors, including public, voluntary, private and informal sectors, to suit consumer needs.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.157-166
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• 2007

Background: The change in the respiratory pattern has an influence on the change in the autonomic nervous system, which in turn has an influence on the EGG to measure a gastric activity. However, the study on the influence on the EGG parameters by respiratory control and on the correlation between the HRV and EGG through respiratory control has not been perform yet. Objective: It is to perform a series of experiments to find out how the EGG parameters are influenced by the controlled respiration and what correlation there may exist between the EGG and HRV to measure the change in the autonomic nervous system after controlled respiration. Methods: 1st Experiment: During a 15minutes' voluntary respiration, HRV was measured, and it was measured again during another 15 minutes' controlled respiration. 2nd Experiment: After an eight hours' fast, EGG was measured for a period of 30 minutes, and then after another 15 minutes' voluntary respiration, a test-meal was offered for 10 minutes and again EGG was measured. The next day, after an 8 hour's fast, EGG was measured for 30 minutes, and after a 15 minutes' controlled respiration and offered with a test-meal for 10 minutes and then EGG was measured again for 30 minutes. Results: 1. It was observed in all the channels that the power ratio increased more after controlled respiration than after voluntary respiration. No statistical significance, however, could be observed. 2. Through controlled respiration, the HF of HRV and the power ratio of EGG Channel 4 was negatively correlated, while the LF/HF of HRV and the power ratio of EGG channel 1 & 4 was positive correlated. Such correlations as mentioned above, however, could not be observed in HRV & EGG through voluntary respiration. Conclusions: 1. It was concluded that the increase in the power of gastric contractile after controlled respiration is bigger than the increase in the power of gastric contractile after voluntary respiration. 2. It was concluded that the gastric contractile power and sympathetic activity through controlled respiration was negatively correlated, while the gastric contractile power and parasympathetic activity through controlled respiration was positively correlated.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 2015

School activities which are opened after-school or during a vacation have been social issues as our society is nuclearized and both parents are working, so that elementary school students and middle school students are less taken care of and less concerned by their parents. It is regrettable that students are spending too much time on private academies in the situation where they cannot help but staying alone after school and where frantic fever of private education pervades their lives. For the sake of those students, the Ministry of Education announced, "Each school can open its after-school programs or vacation programs based on students and their parents' demands making it a rule of a student's voluntary participation. After school programs for elementary and middle school students are operated by local communities providing extra courses or programs in addition to regular classes. Those programs are paid by participants or supported by financial aids in order to decrease parents' burdens of costs of private education and to reduce educational gaps between rich and poor children or between the regions. After school programs are either curricular or non-curricular educational activities with students' voluntary participation, and the programs are meant to supplement and strengthen the role of public school education. Non-curricular courses that consist of various programs, in particular, are receiving good reputations by students and parents. Therefore, this study develops and operates "children's making D.I.Y. furniture" program that is one of non-curricular courses and an activity-oriented art program for children to improve their designing creativity and to help them experience their future jobs in advance. The purpose of this study is to analyze advantages and disadvantages of the program using survey and assessment methods and to find out a developmental direction focused on future-oriented and specialized educational programs for children.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.217-241
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• 2010

Recently, as voluntary activity has become more widespread, there have been some voluntary activity movements in the provision of library services for people with disabilities. This study aimed to develop a model on voluntary activity in library services for disabled people in public libraries. Survey data collected through three data collection methods showed that volunteer activities in public library services for the disabled were very poor, and recommended the training of library staff and volunteers serving disabled people, the management of educational programs for librarians about the disabled and the dissemination of standardized manuals. From the results of the survey, a voluntary activity model, based on three factors, the aims of library services, the types of the disabilities, and volunteer services including specific sub areas of services, was developed. Finally, this voluntary activity model will contribute to the theory development of library services for the disabled