• 무역학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

This study analyzes FCEV among measures to respond to climate change policies. In particular, it proposes alternatives to solve this problem in the trade industry, which relies on transportation sectors with high greenhouse gas emissions such as exports and imports of goods. Therefore, when FCEV is introduced in the transportation sector, changes in CO2 emissions, a greenhouse gas, and changes in logistics costs for changes in CO2 emissions are set through scenarios to evaluate the impact on product trade, such as imports and exports. As a result, the increase in logistics costs due to carbon dioxide emissions affected the import and export volume of goods, and when FCEV was introduced, the export volume would increase by up to 5.6%, and the import volume by up to 30%. In addition, CO2 emissions decreased to about 60% in 2050. Therefore, the introduction of FCEV in the transportation sector will greatly contribute to increasing sales in the trading industry and will be able to solve environmental problems such as greenhouse gas reduction.

• 무역학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.47-66
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• 2023

본 연구는 중국의 대외무역정책 조치가 중국에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하며 중국의 양자 무역이 실질실효환율의 움직임에 크게 영향을 받는다는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 총무역흐름과 환율변동의 관계를 분석한 결과 실질환율의 하락이 중국의 수출량을 증가시키고 수입량을 소폭 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 중국의 수출량은 환율수준에 비해 환율변동성에 대한 민감도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 나아가 세분화된 무역흐름에 대한 실증결과는 상품마다 환율변동에 따라 상이한 영향을 받고 있음을 시사하고 있다. 자본재와 소비재는 서로 다른 가공 단계에 있으므로 환율 하락으로 인해 수출입에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제51권
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• pp.359-389
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• 2011

The Rotterdam Rules, which was adopted in December 2008 by UNCITRAL, has underlying intention that it will provide uniform law for the international carriage of goods by sea and modernize transport law reflecting modern transport custom. However, it is also true that there are various conflicting views on the Rotterdam Rules. This article tried to analyze main controversial issues such as scope of application, basis of liability of the shipper and the carrier, exception th the volume contract, legal position of the freight forwarder, delivery of the goods from the both sides of view. The Rotterdam Rules exposes some problems in applying and interpreting the Rules as many people indicated. These problems, I think, mainly due to the extended scope of application and broader range of issues. However, I do not think that the Rotterdam Rules will serious affect to the international transport industry. Furthermore, it is unreasonable to expect perfect Rules satisfying every interests.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2018

Purpose - The development of technologies lead the volume of sale on online market increase but an off-line shopping center is still a core component in the omni-channel strategy. It is generally thought that high-level retailtainment on brick and mortar store affects purchase intentions positively, but some previous studies dispute that and have reported that retailtainment does not affect purchase intentions. So we have studied the additional factors' effect - the nature of purchase and utility - with retailtainment. Research design, data, and methodology - There are 8 treatment groups which were assigned by the method of retailtainment (high vs. low), nature of purchase (essential vs. non-essential), and utility (acquisition vs. transaction). A total of 240 subjects (office workers = 163, 68%; undergraduates = 77, 32%; average age = 30s; female = 39%) were divided into groups and exposed to one of the eight scenarios. Participant's purchase intention was the dependent, and ANOVA and L-matrix were used to analyze for main and interactive effects between factors. Results - First, the main effect and interactive effect between retailtainment and the nature of purchase are significant. We also found that the contrast between essential and non-essential at low-level retailtainment is higher than that of high-level retailtainment. Second, in the case of retailtainment and utility, transaction utility under high-level retailtainment affects purchase intentions positively. Third, between the nature of the purchase and utility, the main effect of the nature of purchase and the interactive effect is significant, but the main effect of utility is not significant. In the case of non-essential goods, the purchase intention was high when transaction utility was provided but in the case of essential goods, acquisition utility increased purchase intentions. Finally, when transaction utility is given, purchase intentions of essential goods increase under low retailtainment, and the purchase intentions of non-essential goods increase under high retailtainment. Conclusions - When customers buy essential goods, discounts decrease purchase intentions. During the season for bargain sales, purchase intentions increase when retailtainment of essential goods is low, and retailtainment of non-essential goods is high.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제72권
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• pp.139-160
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• 2016

Using the gravity model, this paper analyzes empirically how the world trade in goods is affected by regional trade agreements(RTAs) which have been spreading rapidly since the mid-1990s. This paper attempt to do the panel data analysis about 174 countries during the period of 1994-2008. These panel data include 157 RTAs. It is meaningful that this paper uses comprehensive data to analyze the net effect of regional trade agreements on the global trade volume. This provides a clue as to the answer to the stumbling block debate raised early in the regional trade agreement. Also, confirming how the participation of the WTO affected the trade volume among the member countries, the WTO-related dummy variables are additionally introduced to this gravity model. And as far as we know, the state system-related variables is first considered in this model. This variable reflects the social and cultural environments of countries as the proxy variable representing the sociocultural homogeneity. In all regressions, joining to the WTO and consistency of the state system have a positive effect on increasing the trade volumes between countries. According to the analysis of RTA trade effects, RTAs, on average, increase the volume of trade within the RTA region by 27%~37%, and decrease the volume of trade between the regional and the non-regional nation by 1.2%~3.4%.Therefore, the net effect of regional trade agreements on the promotion of global welfare is positive. For robustness check, we also introduce the interaction term of the dummy variable which reflects the RTA tightening and the continuous variable which reflects the distance effect. As a result, the RTAs alleviate the trade-decreasing effect which is caused by the distance between the countries.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
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• pp.62-64
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• 2001

This paper presents a forecasting method for production volume of each model manufacture d goods by using Back-Propagation technique of Neural Networks. As the learning constant and the momentum constant are respectively 0.65 and 0.94, the teaming number is the least, and the forecating accuracy is the highest. When the learning process is more than 1,000 times, the accurate forecating was possible regardless of kind of product.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.477-484
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• 2016

국제 교역에 있어서 항만은 중심 거점기능을 수행하지만 FTA가 해상물동량과 항만물동량에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석한 연구는 드물다. 해운항만 분야의 경우 물동량은 항만시설 확충, 항만처리능력 산정 및 선박확충, 항로추가로 인한 선대구성의 중요한 자료임에도 불구하고 선행연구에서 실증분석이 대부분 교역금액 기준으로 이루어져 왔다. 향후 체결될 FTA의 경제적 기대효과 분석도 중요하지만, 현재 체결된 FTA의 효과를 파악하는 것도 실증적으로 의미가 크다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2010년 체결된 한-인도 FTA를 대상으로 하여 FTA가 한국 물동량에 미치는 영향을 FTA의 경제적 파급효과를 파악하는데 네트워크 모형을 적용하여 실증 분석하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2017

The aim of the study is to assess the asymmetry of influence of factors of economic growth of national economies, which are included in the integration. Unlike previous research, the scientific significance of the obtained results consists in the use of a new method of study - external demand as a factor of economic growth, disaggregated into two components. The first is net exports mutual trade in goods within integration associations. The second is net exports of foreign trade in goods outside the integration. By use of these methods we have evaluated the contribution of these factors on economic growth of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space (CU/CES), as well as Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus. In the conducted analysis of scientific research was based on the fact that the economies of the member (CU/CES) are very different in scale, economic potential and volume of foreign trade. Based on this research we conclude: integration is developing successfully and efficiently only with the rise of the national economies of the member countries; to enhance economic growth and competitiveness of the countries of the Eurasian integration it is necessary to increase the volume of mutual trade of member countries of this integration.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.99-118
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• 1999

산지직송이 많이 이루어지는 비가공 식품인 소백산 영지버섯과 보은 대추의 우체국과 농협을 통한 통신판매지역에 대한 공간구조를 고찰한 결과 다음과 같은 점이 밝혀졌다. 소백산 영지버섯의 지역적 판매는 판매지역의 인구규모에 의해, 보은 대추는 인구규모와 산지와의 시외전화 기본요금에 의해 설명되어 생산량의 지역적 변동이 작고 한약재의 중간재 성격이 강한 영지버섯은 시외전화 기본요금인 거리의 영향을 받지 않는다. 이에 대하여 생산량의 지역적 변동이 크고 최종 소비재의 성격이 강한 보은 대추의 경우는 거리의 제약을 받고 있다는 점이 밝혀졌다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.879-889
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• 2010

본 논문은 국민계정의 문화부문 위성계정인 문화위성계정의 체계와 우리나라가 문화위성계정을 작성하기 위해 필요한 사항 등을 내용으로 한다. 문화위성계정은 각기 개별적 기능을 갖는 5개 부문으로 구성하도록 권고되고 있다. 동 권고안에 의하면 제 1부문부터 제 4부문까지는 각각 해당부문의 공급과 수요측면의 통계를 수록하도록 되어 있고, 제 5부문은 참고사항 모듈(documentation module)로 편제하도록 권고되고 있다. 문화위성계정의 제 1부문은 문화활동 개요 모듈(macro-information module), 제 2부문은 문화생산량 모듈(quantity/volume output module), 제 3부문은 특성 모듈(characterization module), 제 4부문은 목표분석 모듈(targeted analysis/analytical module)로 구성된다.