• 제목/요약/키워드: Voltage Modulation

검색결과 1,176건 처리시간 0.028초

Induction of Pacemaker Currents by DA-9701, a Prokinetic Agent, in Interstitial Cells of Cajal from Murine Small Intestine

  • Choi, Seok;Choi, Jeong June;Jun, Jae Yeoul;Koh, Jae Woong;Kim, Sang Hun;Kim, Dong Hee;Pyo, Myoung-Yun;Choi, Sangzin;Son, Jin Pub;Lee, Inki;Son, Miwon;Jin, Mirim
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.307-312
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    • 2009
  • The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are pacemaking cells required for gastrointestinal motility. The possibility of whether DA-9701, a novel prokinetic agent formulated with Pharbitis Semen and Corydalis Tuber, modulates pacemaker activities in the ICC was tested using the whole cell patch clamp technique. DA-9701 produced membrane depolarization and increased tonic inward pacemaker currents in the voltage-clamp mode. The application of flufenamic acid, a non-selective cation channel blocker, but not niflumic acid, abolished the generation of pacemaker currents induced by DA-9701. Pretreatment with a $Ca^{2+}$-free solution and thapsigargin, a $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase inhibitor in the endoplasmic reticulum, abolished the generation of pacemaker currents. In addition, the tonic inward currents were inhibited by U-73122, an active phospholipase C inhibitor, but not by $GDP-{\beta}-S$, which permanently binds G-binding proteins. Furthermore, the protein kinase C inhibitors, chelerythrine and calphostin C, did not block the DA-9701-induced pacemaker currents. These results suggest that DA-9701 might affect gastrointestinal motility by the modulation of pacemaker activity in the ICC, and the activation is associated with the non-selective cationic channels via external $Ca^{2+}$ influx, phospholipase C activation, and $Ca^{2+}$ release from internal storage in a G protein-independent and protein kinase C-independent manner.

Ferroelectric-gate Field Effect Transistor Based Nonvolatile Memory Devices Using Silicon Nanowire Conducting Channel

  • Van, Ngoc Huynh;Lee, Jae-Hyun;Sohn, Jung-Inn;Cha, Seung-Nam;Hwang, Dong-Mok;Kim, Jong-Min;Kang, Dae-Joon
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.427-427
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    • 2012
  • Ferroelectric-gate field effect transistor based memory using a nanowire as a conducting channel offers exceptional advantages over conventional memory devices, like small cell size, low-voltage operation, low power consumption, fast programming/erase speed and non-volatility. We successfully fabricated ferroelectric nonvolatile memory devices using both n-type and p-type Si nanowires coated with organic ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] via a low temperature fabrication process. The devices performance was carefully characterized in terms of their electrical transport, retention time and endurance test. Our p-type Si NW ferroelectric memory devices exhibit excellent memory characteristics with a large modulation in channel conductance between ON and OFF states exceeding $10^5$; long retention time of over $5{\times}10^4$ sec and high endurance of over 105 programming cycles while maintaining ON/OFF ratio higher $10^3$. This result offers a viable way to fabricate a high performance high-density nonvolatile memory device using a low temperature fabrication processing technique, which makes it suitable for flexible electronics.

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WPON 응용을 위한 고속 CMOS어레이 광트랜스미터 (A High Speed CMOS Arrayed Optical Transmitter for WPON Applications)

  • 양충열;이상수
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제38B권6호
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    • pp.427-434
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    • 2013
  • 본 논문은 멀티 채널의 어레이 집적 모듈을 갖는 광트랜시버를 위한 2.5 Gbps 어레이 VCSEL driver의 설계 및 구현에 관한 것이다. 본 논문에서는 광트랜시버에 적용된 1550 nm high speed VCSEL을 드라이브하기 위하여 $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS 공정 기술을 이용하여 자동 광전력제어 기능을 갖는 2.5 Gbps VCSEL (수직 공진기 표면 방출 레이저) 드라이버 어레이를 구현하였다. 광트랜스미터의 폭넓은 대역폭 향상을 위해 2.5 Gbps VCSEL Driver에 네가티브 용량성 보상을 갖는 능동 궤환 증폭기 회로를 채용한 결과 기존 토폴로지에 비해 대역폭, 전압 이득 및 동작 안정성의 뚜렷한 향상을 보였다. 4채널 칩은 최대 변조 및 바이어스 전류하에서 1.8V/3.3V 공급에서 140 mW의 DC 전력만 소모하고, 다이 면적은 기존 본딩 패드를 포함하여 $850{\mu}m{\times}1,690{\mu}m$를 갖는다.

Presenilin Modulates Calcium-permeant, Magnesium-Nucleotide regulated channel, I(MgNUM)

  • Shin, Sun-Young;Jeong, Soon-Youn;Uhm, Dae-Yong;Sungkwon Chung
    • 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국생물물리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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    • pp.47-47
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    • 2003
  • The presenilin 1 (PS1) or PS2 is an essential component of the ${\gamma}$-secretase complex, which mediates the intramembrane proteolysis of selected type-I membrane, including the ${\beta}$-amyloid precursor protein (APP) to yield A${\beta}$. Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD)-associated mutations in presenilins give rise to an increased production of a highly amyloidogenic A${\beta}$42. In addition to their well-documented proteolytic function, the presenilins play a role in calcium signaling. We have previously reported that presenilin FAD mutations cause highly consistent alterations in intracellular calcium signaling pathways, which include deficits in capacitative calcium entry (CCE), the refilling mechanism for depleted internal calcium stores. However, molecular basis for the presenilin-mediated modulation of CCE remains to be elucidated. In the present study, whole-cell patch clamp method was used to identify a specific calcium-permeable ion channel current(s) that is responsible for the CCE deficits associated with FAD-linked PS1 mutants. Unexpectedly, both voltage-activated and conventional store depletion-activated calcium currents I(CRAC), were absent in HEK293 cells, which were stably transfected either with wild-type or FAD mutant (L286V, M146L, and delta E9) forms of PS1. Recently, magnesium-nucleotide-regulated metal cation current, or I(MagNum), has been described and appears to share many common properties with I(CRAC) including calcium permeability and inhibitor sensitivity (e.g. 2-APB). We have detected I(MagNum) in all 293 cells tested. Interestingly, FAD mutant 293 cells developed only about half of currents compared to PS1 wild type cells.

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전계측정용 전기광학 $Ti:LiNbO_3$ Mach-Zehnder 집적광학 간섭기에 관한 연구 (A Study on Electrooptic $Ti:LiNbO_3$ Mach-Zehnder integrated-optic interferometers for Electric-Field Measurement)

  • 정홍식
    • 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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    • 제48권12호
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    • pp.15-22
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    • 2011
  • 전계 측정시스템에서 센서 감지부로 $1.3{\mu}m$ 파장에서 동작하는 대칭/비대칭 구조의 Mach-Zehnder 간섭기를 구현하였다. BPM 전산모사를 통해서 소자를 설계하였고, $LiNbO_3$에 Ti 확산방법으로 구현된 채널 광도파로에 집중전극구조를 배열하여 집적광학 칩을 제작하였다. 대칭 구조로 위상차가 없도록 제작된 소자는 전기신호 200Hz, 1kHZ 구형 파형에서 반 파장전압 $V_{\pi}$=6.6V, 변조 깊이 100%, 75%로 각각 측정되었다. 한편 ${\pi}$/2 위상차를 갖도록 설계된 비대칭 구조에서는 DC 0V에서 측정된 출력 광세기가 최고치에 약 1//2에 해당됨을 확인하였으며, 1kHz 전기 신호를 인가해서 ${\pi}$/2 위상차 때문에 나타나는 전기적 현상들을 확인하였다.

자기부상 물류이송시스템의 부상 및 추진제어기 설계 (Design of Levitation and Propulsion Controller for Magnetic Levitated Logistic Transportation System)

  • 최대규;김용태
    • 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.106-112
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    • 2017
  • 본 논문에서는 자기부상 물류이송시스템의 부상 및 추진제어기 설계 방법을 제안하였다. 부상제어기는 롤과 피치 움직임을 최소화시키기 위해 전자석간의 상호영향을 고려하여 설계하였다. 자기부상이송시스템의 구조적인 단점을 해결하기 위하여 기준입력단에 지수형 필터를 적용하여 기존 제어기의 문제점을 개선하였다. DSP기반의 제어하드웨어를 개발하고, 정격 공극 부상 실험을 통해 부상제어기법이 설계 목표를 만족함을 검증하였다. 추진제어기는 공간벡터 전압변조기법을 사용하고, 레일의 전 구간에 부착된 바코드 정보로부터 절대위치를 감지하여 위치 및 속도 프로파일을 추종하도록 설계하였다. 추진제어 왕복 이동 실험을 통해 위치 제어 결과가 만족할만한 성능임을 확인하였다.

모바일 기기용 DCM DC-DC Converter (DCM DC-DC Converter for Mobile Devices)

  • 정지택;윤범수;최중호
    • 전기전자학회논문지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.319-325
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    • 2020
  • 본 논문에서 모바일 기기에 적용하는 DCM DC-DC 벅 변환기를 설계하였다. 이 변환기는 안정된 동작을 위한 보상기, PWM 로직과 파워 스위치로 구성되어 있다. 작은 하드웨어 폼-팩터를 얻기 위하여 칩 외부에서 사용하는 소자의 갯수를 최소화하여야 하며 이는 효율적인 주파수 보상과 디지털 스타트-업 회로로 구현하였다. 매우 작은 부하 전류에서 효율의 감소를 막기 위하여 버스트-모드 동작도 구현하였다. DCM 벅 변환기는 0.18um BCDMOS 공정으로 제작되었다. 2.8~5V의 입력 전압 범위에 대하여 출력 전압 값은 외부 저항 소자를 사용하여 1.8V로 프로그램 되었다. 1MHz의 스위칭 주파수 및 100mA의 부하 전류에서 측정된 최대 효율은 92.6%이다.

광위상변조기 제작용 Single Channel 및 1$^\circ$ Y-branch Mach-Zehnder간섭기형 Ti:LiNbO$_3$ 도파로 Pigtailing 및 도파실험 (Pigtailing and Guiding Experiments of Single and 1$^\circ$ Y-branch Ti:LiNbO$_3$ Mach-Zehnder Inteferometric Optical Waveguide for fabricating an Optical Phase Modulator)

  • 김성구;정운조;조재철;박계춘;이진
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.101-104
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    • 1998
  • We report some methods for measuring a LiNbO$_3$ optical phase modulator bandwidth. Since Mach-Zehnder waveguide type, one of methods for modulation bandwidth measurement, is comparatively simple and useful, it was adapted in this work. In order to confirm this method, the waveguide of single and Mach-Zehnder type were fabricated on the same wafer. The Mach-Zehnder interferometric waveguide and the single channel waveguide were used for the measurement of the phase modulator's driving voltage and bandwidth for device fabrications, respectively. Ti-860$\AA$ in-diffusion was achieved in a wet-bubbling oxygen environment at 105$0^{\circ}C$/8hours. LINbO$_3$ internal chips were pigtailed to PMF(polarization maintaining fiber)/SMF(single mode fiber) using an epoxy curing technique. Examined were optical properties such as an insertion loss, propagation loss and mode size, and the loss mechanism of optical coupling between an optical fiber and a waveguide was considered.

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Construction of Microbial Fuel Cells Using Thermophilic Microorganisms, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus thermoglucosidasius

  • Choi, Young-Jin;Jung, Eun-Kyoung;Park, Hyun-Joo;Paik, Seung R.;Jung, Seun-Ho;Kim, Sung-Hyun
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.813-818
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    • 2004
  • A systematic study of microbial fuel cells comprised of thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus thermoglucosidasius has been carried out under various operating conditions. Substantial amount of electricity was generated when a redox mediator was used. Being affected by operation temperature, the maximum efficiency was obtained at 50$^{\circ}C$ with an open circuit voltage of ca. 0.7 V. While a small change around the optimum temperature did not make much effect on the cell performance, the rapid decrease in performance was observed above 70$^{\circ}C$. It was noticeable that fuel cell efficiency and discharge pattern strongly depended on the kind of carbon sources used in the initial culture medium. In the case of B. thermoglucosidasius, glucose alone was utilized constitutively as a substrate in the microbial fuel cell irrespective of used carbons sources. When B. licheniformis was cultivated with lactose as a carbon source, best charging characteristics were recorded. Trehalose, in particular, showed 41.2% coulombic efficiency when B. thermoglucosidasius was cultured in a starch-containing medium. Relatively good repetitive operation was possible with B. thermoglucosidasius cells up to 12 cycles using glucose as a carbon source, when they were cultured with lactose as an initial carbon source. This study demonstrates that highly efficient thermophilic microbial fuel cells can be constructed by a pertinent modulation of the operating conditions and by carefully selecting carbon sources used in the initial culture medium.

고성능 DCM-ZVS 스텝 업-다운 AC-DC 컨버터에 관한 연구 (A Study on Step Up-Down AC-DC Converter with DCM-ZVS of High Performance)

  • 곽동걸
    • 전기전자학회논문지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.335-342
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    • 2012
  • 본 논문에서는 고효율과 고역률을 위한 새로운 DCM-ZVS 스텝 업-다운 AC-DC 컨버터에 대해 연구된다. 제안한 DCM-ZVS 컨버터에 사용된 스위칭 소자들은 새로운 유사공진 회로에 의해 소프트 스위칭 기법으로 동작되고, 펄스폭변조(PWM) 방식에 의한 전류불연속모드(DCM)로 구동된다. 제안한 컨버터의 유사공진 회로는 스텝 업-다운 인덕터와 무손실 스너버 커패시터로 구성되고, 또한 DCM에 의해 제어회로 기법과 제어회로 구성이 간단한 장점이 주어진다. 입력 교류 전류파형은 일정 스위칭 주파수에 의한 교류 입력전압의 크기에 비례한 유사 정현파형으로 된다. 그 결과, 제안한 DCM-ZVS 컨버터는 낮은 스위칭 손실과 고효율을 얻을 수 있으며, 컨버터의 입력역률은 거의 단위역률로 된다. 해석적 결과의 타당성은 다양한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션과 실험 결과를 통해 입증된다.