• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.217-220
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• 2007

This study outlines a small-sized dialog style ETRI Korean TTS system which applies a HMM based speech synthesis techniques. In order to build the VoiceFont, dialog-style 500 sentences were used in training HMM. And the context information about phonemes, syllables, words, phrases and sentence were extracted fully automatically to build context-dependent HMM. In training the acoustic model, acoustic features such as Mel-cepstrums, logF0 and its delta, delta-delta were used. The size of the VoiceFont which was built through the training is 0.93Mb. The developed HMM-based TTS system were installed on the ARM720T processor which operates 60MHz clocks/second. To reduce computation time, the MLSA inverse filtering module is implemented with Assembly language. The speed of the fully implemented system is the 1.73 times faster than real time.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제53호
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• pp.171-183
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• 2005

Call Control eXtensible Markup (CCXML) is a standard language that supports a call control of voice dialog systems such as VoiceXML based systems. CCXML allows developers to handle telephony calls in an easy way without deep knowledge about telephony networks and their switching systems.We design and implement a call control markup interpreter. At the implementation, we use a Dialogic JCT-LS board, but, by designing a wrapping class for CTI (computer telephony board) features, the interpreter can easily adopt other CTI boards. We also design and implement event-based interaction scheme between the interpreter and voice dialog systems. For verifying the interaction scheme, we implement a simple voice dialog system.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.147-149
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• 2004

Although most of the people have studied English for a long time, their English conversation capability is low. When we provide them portable conversational-type English learners by the application of computer and information process technology, such portable learners can be used to enhance their English conversation capability by their conventional conversation exercises. The core technology to develop such learner is the development of a voice recognition and synthesis module under an embedded environment. This paper deals with voice recognition and synthesis, prototype of the learner module using a DSP(Digital Signal Processing) chip for voice processing, voice playback function, flash memory file system, PC download function using USB ports, English conversation text function by the use of SMC(Smart Media Card) flash memory, LCD display function, MP3 music listening function, etc. Application areas of the prototype equipped with such various functions are vast, i.e. portable language learners, amusement devices, kids toy, control by voice, security by the use of voice, etc.

• 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
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• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 2002년도 제14회 한글 및 한국어 정보처리 학술대회
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• pp.69-76
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• 2002

최근 음성 합성 과정에서 화자의 의도를 가장 많이 반영하는 언어 정보인 문맥 정보를 사용하려는 시도가 이루어지고 있으나 문맥 정보를 적은 비중으로 사용하기 때문에 자연성 향상에 큰 도움을 주지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 구문 정보, 의미 정보를 억양 생성 과정에 이용함과 동시에 문맥 정보와 음성 정보와의 관계를 음성 데이터를 바탕으로 분석하여 다양한 문맥 정보를 음성 합성 과정에 반영하는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 한국어에서 나타나는 다양한 억양 곡선 유형을 형태소를 이용하여 의다 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 방법을 제안하여 자연스러운 억양 생성 시스템을 구현하고 시스템의 결과를 음소 단위 억양 생성기와 VoiceXML을 이용하여 적용시켜보고 결과를 논의한다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2001

본 연구의 목적은 비 시각환경에서 웹 서비스를 위한 언어인 VoiceXML을 기존의 자동응답 시스템에 적용하기위해 VoiceXML문서의 마크-업을 인식하고, 문서가 문서 형정의 (DTD)에 적합한지를 검사하여 적합성이 확인되면 추상구문트리를 생성하는 DI 파서 (Document Instance Parser)와 생성된 추상구문트리를 이용하여, Voice-XML문서를 번역해주는 해석기를 제안하고자 한다. VoiceXML해석기는 DI 파서와 실행기로 구성되어 있으며, DI 파서는 Recursive descent 파싱 기법을, 실행기는 VXML 포럼에서 제안한 FIA (Form Interpretation Algorithm)를 사용하였다. 본 시스템은 VoiceXML 언어를 효율적으로 실행할 수 있는 환경 제공 및 시스템 개발의 편의성과 효율성을 위해 모듈화 설계가 가능한 자바언어를 사용함으로써 이 기종간의 이식성이 뛰어난 특징이 있다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2016

Recently, the Lax Vox voice therapy has been used as one of the SOVTE(Semi-Occluded Vocal Tracts Exercise). The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Lax Vox voice therapy for a patient with Spasmodic dysphonia on voice improvement. One female spasmodic dysphonia patient(age=27) who had been diagnosed by a laryngologist received Lax Vox voice therapy. The Lax Vox protocol was configured as 5 steps (1 warm-up and 4 steps : bubbling without / with phonation/ gliding with phonation/ generalization) in this study. A total of 11 sessions were performed by a certified speech language pathologist. The present study evaluated the acoustic, aerodynamic, auditory perceptual, and patient's self-rating between pre-, mid-, and post- voice therapy. All objective and subjective parameters were improved after voice therapy; Reduced frequency variation, increased maximum phonation time, enlarged voice range, improved 'G' and 'S' in GRBAS & USDRS, and reduced VHI were observed. Especially, decreased $f_0$ and remarkably reduced voice tremor were also demonstrated following Lax Vox voice therapy. Accordingly, Lax Vox voice therapy technique can be useful for improving voice and quality of life in patients with spasmodic dysphonia.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2007

It is important to examine patients' subjective evaluation as well as objective measures and clinician's rating to assess voice disorders. This study aimed to evaluate validity and reliability of Korean-version of Voice Handicap Index (KVHI) and Voice-Related Quality of Life (KVQOL) with 113 adults with voice disorders and 111 normal adults. Content validity was verified by three experienced speech-language pathologists. Concurrent validity was revealed by examining the correlation among KVHI, KVQOL, and Voice Rating Scale as well as item discrimination coefficients. Total scores of KVHI and KVQOL of adults with voice disorders were significantly different from those of normal adults. Test-retest reliability and internal consistencies were significantly high in both KVHI and KVQOL. Correlations among scores of each subscale and total score were also significantly high in each tool. The study revealed that KVHI and KVQOL are suitable tools to be used in clinics and research areas in Korea, which can subjectively evaluate the effects of voice disorders on daily life as well as on quality of life.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.127-130
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the difference in acoustic features between Young Voices and Aged Voices, which are actually come from the same age group. The 12 female subjects in their thirties were participated and recorded their sustained vowel /a/, connected speech, and reading. Their voices were divided into Younger Voices and Aged Voices, which means voices sound like younger person and sound like in their age or more aged ones. Praat 4.4.22 was used to record and analyze their acoustic features like Fo, SFF, Jitter, Shimmer, HNR, Pitch-range. And the six female listeners guessed the subjects' age and judged whether they sound younger or as like their actual age. We used the Independent t-Test to find the significant difference between those two groups' acoustic features. The result shows a significant difference in Fo, SFF. The above and the previous studies tell us the group who sounds like younger or baby like voice has the similar acoustic features of actually young people.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2024

This study examines the perceptual motivation behind dissimilation. Consistent with previous arguments suggesting that dissimilation originates from perception rather than production (Coetzee, 2005; Kiparsky, 2003; Scheer, 2013), we hypothesized that an oral stop with short of voice onset time (VOT) would be recognized as non-aspirated more often when it is followed by an aspirated stop with a long VOT. This hypothesis was tested through a perception experiment in which 32 Korean listeners made judgments on the first consonant of C₁VC₂V words manipulated with C₁ VOT and C₂ types. The results revealed that aspirated-based C₁ was recognized as aspirated or tense depending on the duration of VOT, while lenis-based C₁ was consistently recognized as lenis. The dissimilatory effect of aspirated C₂ was confirmed as anticipated, and furthermore, tense C₂ increased the ratio of tense responses more than aspirated C₂. These results provide evidence of a perceptual bias against recurrent aspirated stops, which may play a role in activating a dissimilatory rule or constraint in a language. The assimilatory effect of tense C₂ is in consistent with findings indicating that word-initial tensification is facilitated by the following tense stop in Korean (Kang & Oh, 2016; H. Kim, 2016).

• 지식정보인프라
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• 통권6호
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• pp.68-81
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• 2001

현재 진행되고 있는 XML 응용분야의 표준은 각 분야별로 구체적으로 진행되고 있으며 이러한 시점에서 AT&T, 루슨트 테크놀로지스, 모토롤러 등 3사는 전화와 인터넷 서버와의 연동을 음성 처리 기술을 바탕으로 하여 기존 인터넷의 다양한 정보를 검색 처리할 수 있는 VXML(Voice Extensible Markup Language)이라는 인터넷 음성처리 표준안을 마련하고 있다.