• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2013

Heterogeneous radios are used in disaster management agencies for a variety of reasons though the radio must have the same radio frequency and protocol for voice communication. For this reason, the variety of heterogeneous radio voice connection methods have been studied but these are simple analog voice line cross connection or partial networked based on digitalization. In this paper, we suggest the method of voice packet transmission method based on All-IP per radio through IP network using SIP/RTP for scalability and openness and developed a prototype of the proposed method was verified.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.111-126
• /
• 2013

As the gaps become narrower in interconnection fee and volume rate, the MNOs began to introduce flat pricing for unlimited voice traffic competitively in Korea wireless telecommunication market : 'unlimited talks within intra-network' by the 1st operator, followed by the 3rd operator's 'unlimited talks over all networks'. As a result, subscribers tip in toward the third ranked operator and could bring a substantial change to steadfast market structure over the last decade in Korea. This paper aims to develop a simple economic model to analyze competition with flat pricing for unlimited voice traffic, and to check whether the pricing can be appropriate for the MNOs. The results show that MNOs already step in the necessary conditions to launch flat pricing for voice traffic. It also predicts that the MNOs compete with unlimited talk over all networks and set a single fee in an equilibrium. At present, the MNOs run virtually identical pricing for unlimited talk over all networks, considering their differentiation with respect to service quality, coverage and brand preference.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.5B
• /
• pp.324-329
• /
• 2005

In the traditional telephone services, the settlement method for usage of facilities has been systematically and reasonably arranged based on the cost. Through the advanced technology, the telecommunication services such as the convergence of voice-data, wire-wireless, communication-broadcasting, etc are offering. So, new settlement method in the broadband convergence network (BCN) should be necessary. This paper suggests inter-companies settlement method in the broadband network using interconnection bandwidth and transmission distance factor. By reflecting the facility cost weight on each BCN level, the cost settlement for various services can be easily done. As the settlement model for BCN, the inter-companies interconnection and settlement can be normalized by interconnection bandwidth and transmission distance factors.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.1346-1363
• /
• 1994

Packet voice protocols have been realized in many research works. But few studies for the interconnection of LAN and PABX to facilitate the voice communication have been done. In this paper, the gateway to interconnect the Ethernet LAN with the existing PABX telephone network for voice communication has been designed and implemented. The implemented gateway protocol is a modified protocol based on CCITT`s G.764 packetized voice protocol. To accomplish this goal the hardware system has been realized, which is divided into five parts: interface part with the telephone line, voice-processing part, PC interface part, controller part, and finally DTMF part. And the gateway software is divided into three parts: interface to make use of the packet driver which drives the network card, driver to drive the PABX gateway, and the protocol handling part.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.7
• /
• pp.3275-3279
• /
• 2011

The matter of the calculation of the mutual access fee has become one of the hottest issues among service providers and attracted concerns from concerned regulatory authorities. It is essential to conclude a rational and systematic procedure for interconnection costs and charge between fixed and mobile networks. In this paper, I proposed the conversion factor scheme between circuit switched voice and packet switched data service in the domestic CDMA mobile system based on analysis of the rational GSM allocation method of common cost.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.95-108
• /
• 1999

The CDMA mobile system consists of several subsystems and each subsystem has many processing elements that handle voice messages and control messages for performing CDMA call processing functions through CDMA Interconnection Network(CIN). For assuring a high throughput and a short delay in the CIN, an efficient medium access control protocol should be provided. In this paper, we propose a new access control protocol of CIN for providing real time communications in CDMA mobile system. Also, we evaluate the delay performance of the proposed access control protocol and compare it with that of the existing access control protocol. Through a set of numerical examples, we show that our proposed protocol provides a better delay performance than the existing protocol.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.419-435
• /
• 1998

The telecommunications market in European Union was fully liberalized as schedule except some member countries on and after January 1, 1998. The full liberalization of telecommunications market which will provide lower charges and various services to consumers. At present, the monopoly on voice telephony services is being maintained in five member countries authorized the implementation delay of liberalization. There are still remain many problems, such as pre-selection of carriers, number portability and interconnection, to solve by January 1, 2000. After examining the basic principle of telecommunication regulations and the liberalization trends of EU countries, we review the future assignments and prospects of European Union. finally we suggest implications for telecommunication policy and carriers in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2012.10a
• /
• pp.529-532
• /
• 2012

Building the super broadband network is the key competence for fostering the economy. Over the super broadband network voice services have changed rapidly to be served to VoIP rather than PSTN most incumbents have used. This results in reforming the interconnection regulations. From network structures, technologies, and POI to costing methods there are many concerns to discuss between stakeholder. This paper reviewed the IP-LRIC model over NGN designed by national regulatory angencies (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden). We draw implications for developing IP-LRIC models from other IP-LRIC model studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.142-146
• /
• 1998

Background : It has been established that the fundamental frequency(Fo) of the vowels varies systemically as a function of vowel height. Specifically, high vowels have a higher Fo than low vowels. Two major explanations or hypotheses dominate contemporary accounts of fired to explain the mechanisms underlying intrinsic variation in vowel Fo, source-tract coupling hypothesis and tongue-pull hypothesis. Objectives : Total laryngectomy surgery necessiates removal of all structures between the hyoid bone and the tracheal rings. Therefore, the assumption that no direct interconnection exists between the tongue and pharyngoesophageal segment that would mediate systematic variation in vowel Fo appears quite reasonable. If tongue-pull hypothesis is correct, systemic differences in Fo between high versus low vowels produced by esophageal speakers would not Or expected. We analyzed the Fo in the vowels of esophageal voice. Materials and method : The subjects were 11 cases of laryngectomee patients with fluent esophageal voice. The five essential vowels were recorded and analyzed with computer speech analysis system(Computerized Speech Lab). The Fo was measured using acoustic waveform, automatically and manually, and narrow band spectral analysis. Results : The results of this study reveal that intrinsic variation in vowel Fo is clearly evident in esophageal speech. By analysis using acoustic waveform automatically, the signals were too irregular to measure the Fo precisely. So the data from automatic analysis of acoustic waveform is not logical. But the Fo by measuring with manually calculated acoustic waveform or narrowband spectral analysis resulted in acceptable results. These results were interpreted to support neither the source-tract coupling nor the tongue-pull hypotheses and led us to offer an alternative explanation to account for intrinsic variation of Fo.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 2023

In this study, we explored the potential of integrating interactive AI callbot technology into the medical consultation domain as part of a broader service development initiative. Aimed at enhancing patient satisfaction, the AI callbot was designed to efficiently address queries from hospitals' primary users, especially the elderly and those using phone services. By incorporating an AI-driven callbot into the hospital's customer service center, routine tasks such as appointment modifications and cancellations were efficiently managed by the AI Callbot Agent. On the other hand, tasks requiring more detailed attention or specialization were addressed by Human Agents, ensuring a balanced and collaborative approach. The deep learning model for voice recognition for this study was based on the Transformer model and fine-tuned to fit the medical field using a pre-trained model. Existing recording files were converted into learning data to perform SSL(self-supervised learning) Model was implemented. The ANN (Artificial neural network) neural network model was used to analyze voice signals and interpret them as text, and after actual application, the intent was enriched through reinforcement learning to continuously improve accuracy. In the case of TTS(Text To Speech), the Transformer model was applied to Text Analysis, Acoustic model, and Vocoder, and Google's Natural Language API was applied to recognize intent. As the research progresses, there are challenges to solve, such as interconnection issues between various EMR providers, problems with doctor's time slots, problems with two or more hospital appointments, and problems with patient use. However, there are specialized problems that are easy to make reservations. Implementation of the callbot service in hospitals appears to be applicable immediately.