• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 1998

Benign vocal fold lesions such as polyps, nodules and edema are known to be caused by vocal trauma such as voice misuse and/or abuse. Even though these lesions are known to be caused by the same etiology, phonotrauma, they show widely different clinical features and different responses to voice therapy. Previous studies suggested that benign vocal fold lesions represent disturbance in the balance of the extracellular matrix(ECM) constituents of the vocal folds. Collagen is one of the major constituents of ECM. Among collagens, fibrillar collagens are most important ones for maintaining the structural integrity. On the basis of gross morphology, vocal polyps wert divided into angiomatous one and edematous one, and nodules were divided into conical one and sessile one. In these four groups, the pattern of distribution of various fibrillar collagens(type 1, 2, 3, 5) was studied by immunohistochemical staining using paraffin embedded tissues. Within each group, differences among collagen subtypes were insignificant. In edematous polyp, collagens were sparsely dispersed in lamina propria by diffuse edema. In angiomatous polyp, collagens were displaced into submucosal layer by hemorrhagic space. In nodules, collagens were stained compactly in lamina propria. Quite different distributions of fibrillar collagens between polyps and nodules are thought to suggest that vocal polyps and nodules are totally different disorders in their pathophysiology.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2008

There is a number of clinical conditions that affect directly or indirectly the physical properties of the vocal folds and thereby the pressure waveforms of elicited sounds. If the relationships between the clinical conditions and the voice quality are sufficiently reliable, it should be possible to detect these diseases or disorders. The focus of this paper is to determine the set of features and their values that would characterize the speaker's state of vocal folds. To the extent that these features can capture the anatomical, physiological, and neurological aspects of the speaker they can be potentially used to mediate an unobtrusive approach to diagnosis. We will show a new approach to this problem supported with results obtained from two disordered voice corpora.

• 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2004

This study investigated and compared the acoustic characteristics of the Korean stop sound [k'] in three different phonological environments: the tensified lenis stop [k'] as observed in /prek+kaci/, the fortis stop /k'/ as in /pre+k'aci/, and the fortis stop /k'/ following an obstruent as in /prek+k'aci/. The specific research question was whether or not the tensified lenis stop shares all the acoustic features with the other two kinds of fortis stops. The acoustic measures adopted in this study were H1*-H2*, VOT, length of stop closure, and $F_0$. The major findings were that the three stops showed no significant difference in all the acoustic measures except the length of stop closure. The fortis stop /k'/ following an obstruent showed significantly longer duration of stop closure than the other two stops, both of which showed no significant difference. Based on these phonetic results, this study argued that, for the proper phonological description of post-obstruent tensification, the phonological feature [slack vocal folds] of a lenis stop should be changed into [stiff vocal folds, constricted glottis] that the fortis stops should have.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 2019

Aspiration, the entry of material into the airway below the true vocal folds, has been reported in various type of postsurgical head and neck patients. The important of correctly identifying the cause of aspiration in the head and neck surgical patient. Clearly each cause represents a different physiologic or anatomic disorder which requires different management strategy. We discuss about the cause of aspiration during head and neck treatment.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2013

The term "phonosurgery," coined in the early 1960s, refers to surgical procedures that maintain, restore, or enhance the human voice. Phonosurgery includes phonomicrosurgery (endoscopic microsurgery of the vocal folds), laryngoplastic phonosurgery (open-neck surgery that restructures the cartilaginous framework of the larynx and the soft tissues), laryngeal injection (injection of medications as well as synthetic and organic biologic substances), and reinnervation of the larynx. Phonomicrosurgery is a means of maximally preserving the layered microstructure of the vocal fold, that is, the epithelium and lamina propria. The purpose of the surgery is usually to improve the vibratory characteristics of the layered microstructure of the vocal folds. Phonomicrosurgery has developed from convergence of microlaryngoscopic surgical technique theory and the mucosal wave theory of laryngeal sound production. Improvements in technology (i.e., laryngoscopes, handled instruments, and lasers), which in part arise from developments in more frequently performed minimally invasive surgical procedures, will probably facilitate the next generation of procedural innovations. The best methods of optimizing phonosurgical outcomes include making an accurate diagnosis, completing a comprehensive voice evaluation, providing sufficient preoperative therapy, carefully selecting patients to undergo phonomicrosurgical procedures, and requiring sufficient postoperative rest and therapy. Phonomicrosurgery will continue to evolve as a result of the interdependent collaboration of surgeons with voice scientists, speech pathologist, and other voice professionals.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.790-795
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• 2009

본 연구는 구개편도와 아데노이드 비대가 있는 아동이 구호흡을 하게 되면 만성적인 성대 건조를 유발하게 되고, 이러한 조건이 음질을 저하시킬 수 있을 것이라는 가설을 검증하기 위하여, 만 5세-8세의 정상 아동 68명과 구개편도와 아데노이드 비대아동 50명을 대상으로 MDVP 음성분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과 정상 아동에 비하여 구개편도와 아데노이드 비대 아동은 Jitt, RAP, PPQ, Shim, APQ 파라미터에서 모두 통계적으로 유의미하게 높은 수치를 나타내어 낮은 음질을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 언어치료사나 이비인후과 전문의 등은 구개편도와 아데노이드 비대 아동의 음성문제 가능성을 인식하고, 이들의 음성위생법 교육에 관심을 가져야 할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 음성과학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in acoustic characteristics after drinking alcoholic beverages and singing in order to establish guidelines for vocal hygiene of both singers and non-singers. 21 university students (10 males and 11 females) vocalized /a/ before drinking, after drinking and after singing. Changes in vocal range and acoustic characteristics were analyzed by Dr. Speech 4.0 (Tigers Electronics). No significant difference was observed in vocal range following drinking. However, there was statistically significant changes in vocal range after singing. We may infer that appropriate amount of singing functioning as vocal warm-up, rather than drinking alone, resulted in improvement in their abilities to lengthen vocal folds. This is directly related to the ability to produce high-pitched sounds. Changes in jitter in female voices after singing was the only acoustic factor that was significant. Changes in Shimmer and NNE was not significant either after drinking nor singing. Subjects who were judged to perform better in singing were marked by minimum acoustic changes, which may due to their well-trained vocal fold function. The results of this study may address the necessity for vocal function exercises for the patients with neurogenic voice disorders including dysarthria. The need for more extensive research with a larger number of subjects including professional voice users is also addressed.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.157-168
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• 2008

Vocal polyp is one of the representative chronic diseases of vocal folds, and it can be cured by voice therapy and/or laryngeal microsurgery. However, the existing therapeutic methods about vocal polyp are in great demand. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vocal improvement between laryngeal microsurgery and $SKMVTT^{(R)}$ (Seong-Tae Kim's Multiple Voice Therapy Technique), which was designed by the author. We identified 37 patients, who were diagnosed with unilateral vocal polyp, aged from 21 to 62 years(mean age: 46 years). 21 patients were treated by the $SKMVTT^{(R)}$ and the other 16 patients were only treated by the laryngeal microsurgery. All patients who were treated by the $SKMVTT^{(R)}$, received 12 sessions of treatment, and were evaluated before therapy and after finishing the 12th session. The patients who were treated by laryngeal microsurgery, were evaluated prior to and at least 8 weeks after surgery. The results showed that the $SKMVTT^{(R)}$ produced better results compared to the laryngeal microsurgery alone. The $SKMVTT^{(R)}$ produced better results, especially, at the initial stage of voice therapy compared with those of laryngeal microsurgery. In this study, we can suggest that $SKMVTT^{(R)}$ may be useful in improving the voice qualities of vocal polyp patients. However, more data should be collected and evaluated to be widely used in other clinics.

• 음성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.157-177
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• 1998

An electroglottography (EGG) was used to investigate the function of the vocal folds during their vibration. In this study, four Korean native speakers and 10 vocal polyp patients were selected. To investigate the dynamic change of EGG waveforms for the three-way distinction of Korean stops, a DSP-Sona graph model 5500, a Rino- Laryngeal stroboscope, a CSL model 4300B and a Laryngograph were used. An EGG Model 4338 was used to exam the vocal polyp of patients' voices during high, low, comfortable pitch production. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of Korean stop consonants in relation to pitch and to observe laryngeal movement during vocal fold vibration and speech production. The basic data accumulated during this research can be applied in clinical treatment. The results are as follows: on the Korean stop consonants, the aspirated stop is the highest in the GOT and PC1. On the angle of vowel contour, the angle of lenis is smaller than the angle of heavily aspirated and glottalized stops. The fundamental frequency is lowest at the lenis stop, In vocal polyp patients', the low pitch range is smaller than in normal speakers'. The pitch break and the vocal fry were observed. The jitter and OQ value are higher in vocal polyp patients than in those of normal speakers'.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2006

The stop consonants in Korean are classified into three types according to the manner of articulation as unaspirated (UA), slightly aspirated (SA) and heavily aspirated (HA) stops. Both the UA and the HA types are always voiceless in any environment. Generally, the voice onset time (VOT) could be measured spectrographically from release of consonant burst to onset of following vowel. The VOT of the UA type is within 20 msec of the burst, and about 40-50 msec in the SA and 50-70 msec in the HA. There have been many efforts to clarify properties that differentiate these manner categories. Umeda, et $al^{1)}$ studied that the fundamental frequency at voice onset after both the UA and HA consonants was higher than that for the SA consonants, and the voice onset times were longest in the HA followed by the SA and UA. Han, et $al^{2)}$ reported in their speech synthesis and perception studies that the SA and UA stops differed primarily in terms of a gradual versus a relatively rapid intensity build-up of the following vowel after the stop release. Lee, et $al^{3)}$ measured both the intraoral and subglottal air pressure that the subglottal pressure was higher for the HA stop than for the other two stops. They also compared the dynamic pattern of the subglottal pressure slope for the three categories and found that the HA stop showed the most rapid increase in subglottal pressure in the time period immediately before the stop release. $Kagaya^{4)}$ reported fiberscopic and acoustic studies of the Korean stops. He mentioned that the UA type may be characterized by a completely adducted state of the vocal folds, stiffened vocal folds and the abrupt decreasing of the stiffness near the voice onset, while the HA type may be characterized by an extensively abducted state of the vocal folds and a heightened subglottal pressure. On the other hand, none of these positive gestures are observed for the SA type. Hong, et $al^{5)}$ studied electromyographic activity of the thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles during stop production. He reported a marked and early activation of the PCA muscle associated with a steep reactivation of the thyroarytenoid muscle before voice onset in the production of the HA consonants. For the production of the UA consonants, little or no activation of the PCA muscle and earliest and most marked reactivation of the thyroarytenoid muscle were characteristic. For the SA consonants, he reported a more moderate activation of the PCA muscle than for the UA consonant, and the least and the latest reactivation of the thyroarytenoid muscle. Hong, et $al^{6)}$ studied the observation of the vibratory movements of vocal fold edges in terms of laryngeal gestures according to the different types of stop consonants. The movements of vocal fold edges were evaluated using high speed digital images. EGG signals and acoustic waveforms were also evaluated and related to the vibratory movements of vocal fold edges during stop production.