• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of vitamin B6 in 16 pregnant-infant pairs and 15 nonpregnant women and to investigate the relationships between vitamin B6 status of maternal-umbilical cord plasma and pregnancy outcomes. dietary intake was obtained from semiquantitative frequency questionnaire. The daily mean energy and protein intakes were higher than the recommended dietary allowance, while daily vitamin B6 was only 74% of RDA in pregnant and 73% of RDA in nonpregnant women. The main sources of vitamin B6 were vegetables and fruits in pregnant women, while cereal and starch in nonpregnant women. The plasma PLP and PL levels of pregnant women were 14.85nmol/l and 20.56nmol/l, significantly lower than those of nonpregnant women. the PLP/PL ratios of pregnant and nonpregnant women were 1.65 and 0.33, indicating that the levels of vitamin B6 was altered during pregnancy. The PLP and PL levels of umbilical cord plasma were 63.55nmol/l and 32.25nmol/l, respectively. The vitamin B6 levels of umbilical cord plasma were significantly higher than that of maternal plasm. This finding indicates that the uptake of vitamin B6 in the fetus may be due to an active placental transport mechanism. The PLP level of maternal plasma correlated positively with that of umbilical cord plasma, showing the PLP concentration of umbilical cord plasma is affected by maternal vitamin B6 status. The maternal plasma PL level showed a positive correlation to infant birth weight. The positive association has bee also found between plasma PL level of umbilical cord and Apgar 1 min score.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on the lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidative enzymes in the pancreas of diabetic KK mice. KK mice were fed high ft diet containing 20% corn oil(wt/wt), and sacrificed at 2 months of diabetes. A hish vitamin E diet consisted of the high fat diet supplemented with an excessive amount of 이-$\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate (2080IU/kg diet). The incidence of diabetes mellitus was 61% when mice were fed the high fat diet, but was 44% when mice were fed the high vitamin E diet, Vitamin E supplementation fhus seems to have the effect of decreasing of decreasing the onset of diaetes. In the diabetic group, we found increases of MDA (malondialdehyde) and antioxidative enzyme activities. Treatment with vitamin E did not modify the level of fasting blood glucose. However, MDA and antiosicative enzyme activities in diabetic mice were decreased by the high vitamin E diet. Increased levels of lipid peroxidation products suggests the occurrence of oxidative damage in the pancreas of diabetic mice. The increased level of antiosicative enzyme activities could be due to an adaptive response to conditions of increased peroxidative stress. Significant normalization on catalase activity was noted in vitamin E supplemented animals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2227-2230
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• 2015

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed neoplasms and the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the Western world. Vitamin D (1,25dihydroxy vitamin D) is linked to many biological processes that influence oncogenesis but data on relations between its genetic variants and cancer risk have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine associations between a vitamin D genetic polymorphism and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 124 Jordanian prostate cancer patients and 100 healthy volunteers. Ethical approval was granted from the ethical committee at Hashemite University and written consent was given by all patients. PCR was used to amplify the vitamin D receptor Fok1 polymorphism fragment. 25(OH)D serum levels were measured by competitive immunoassay. Results: All genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genotype frequency for Fok1 genotypes FF, Ff and ff was 30.7%, 61.3% and 8.06%, for prostate cancer patients, while frequencies for the control group was 28.0%, 66.0% and 6.0%, respectively, with no significant differences. Vitamin D serum level was significantly lower in prostate cancer patients (mean 7.7 ng/ml) compared to the control group (21.8 ng/ml). No significant association was noted between 25(OH)D and VDR Fok1 gene polymorphism among Jordanians overall, but significant associations were evident among prostate cancer patients (FF, Ff and ff : 25(OH)D levels of 6.2, 8.2 and 9.9) and controls (19.0, 22.5 and 26.3, respectively). An inverse association was noted between 25(OH)D serum level less than 10ng/ml and prostate cancer risk (OR 35.5 and 95% CI 14.3- 88.0). Conclusions: There is strong inverse association between 25(OH)D serum level less than 10ng/ml level and prostate cancer risk.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.472-482
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effect of vitamin C and E supplementation on blood pressure, plasma lipids, folate, and homocysteine levels in smokers and non-smokers of college male students in Gyeonggi Area. The nutrient intakes were determined by a 24hr-recall method. The subjects were divided into six groups: vitamin C sup-plementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), vitamin E supplementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), vitamin C and E supplementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), respectively. There were no significant differences between the smokers and nonsmokers in terms of anthropometric measurements. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in smokers than that of non-smokers. There was no significant difference in energy and other nutrients intakes between smokers and non-smokers. In plasma lipids levels, smokers had higher plasma triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol concentration than that of non-smokers (p < 0.05). HDL-cholesterol level of smokers had a tendency to be lower than that of non-smokers. In smokers, AI, TPH, LPH were significantly higher than that of non-smokers (p < 0.01). Plasma folate, homocysteine levels were not significantly different between smokers and non-smokers. The effect of antioxidant vitamins supplementation in smokers: In vitamin C supplementation group, HDL-cholesterol level was significantly in-creased (p < 0.01) and AI, TPH, LPH were significantly decreased (p < 0.01). In vitamin E supplementation group, HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (p < 0.05). In vitamin C and E supplementation group, LPH was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The effect of antioxidant vitamins supplementation in non-smokers: HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (p <0.05) and AI, TPH, LPH were significantly decreased (p <0.05) by vitamin C supplementation group. Plasma homocysteine level was decreased by vitamin E supplementation group in non-smokers (p < 0.01). The results of this study showed that smoking had a tendency to increase plasma lipids levels that factor into the risk of coronary heart disease. It is considered that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers had a tendency to decrease cardiovascular disease than in nonsmokers.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.276-287
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• 2008

Diabetic mellitus in an older population is associated with increased basal oxidative stress and free radical accentuated by hyperglycemic challenge. Enhanced free radical in diabetic elderly can cause the oxidative damage and such damage can be protected by antioxidant defense system. It is believed that vitamin C, A and E are the most abundant and effective antioxidants in human plasma. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant status in Korean diabetic elderly using the case-control study. The antioxidant status was examined by determining plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, A, E, ${\beta}$-carotene), total antioxidant status (TAS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and intakes of vitamin C, A, ${\beta}$-carotene and retiol. Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels and serum lipid profiles (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) were also determined. Diabetic subjects were 122 elderly persons over 60 years old, visiting public health center, and control subjects were 96 healthy elderly persons living in Ulsan, Korea and they were matched by age, gender, smoking and drinking status. The diabetic and control subjects were divided into sub-groups according to the status of using diet therapy and vitamin supplement. The subjects were interviewed to collect data on their general characteristics, disease history, vitamin supplement, diet therapy and health-related habits by questionnaires. Their dietary intakes were obtained by means of semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (SQFFQ). Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in diabetes than in control subjects, and plasma total cholesterol level of diabetes was not significantly different from that of control subjects. However serum HDL cholesterol level of diabetes was significantly lower and serum TG level of diabetes was significantly higher than those of control group. The average vitamin A and ${\beta}$-carotene intakes of diabetes were significantly higher than those of control subjects. There was no significant difference in plasma vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene, and TBARS levels between two groups, but plasma vitamin A, E and TAS levels were significantly higher in diabetes than those in control group. Plasma vitamin A and TAS levels of diabetic subjects using diet therapy were higher than those of control using diet therapy, and plasma vitamin E, ${\beta}$-carotene and TAS levels of diabetic subjects using vitamin supplements were significantly higher than those of controls using vitamin supplements. These results suggested that diabetic mellitus could enhance antioxidant defences against reactive oxygen species and interest in healthy eating such as consumption of more antioxidant nutrients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.754-761
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• 2001

Effects of dietary fatty acids and vitamin E on antioxidant vitamin status were studied in rat brain sections. Sources of dietary fat(10t%) were safflower oil(SO) poor in $\omega$3 fatty acid and mixed oil (MO) with computer-adjustd fatty acid ratios(AA/DHA=1.4, $\omega$6/$\omega$3=6.3, P/M/S=1.0/1.5/1, AA=2.%)with (ME) and without(MO) vitamin E(500mg/kg diet). Rats were fed the three kinds of diet from 3-4 wks prior to the conception. At the age of 3 & 9wks of the 2nd generation rat, antioxidant vitamins were measured in frontal cortex(FC), corpus striatum (CS), cerebellum(CB) and hippocampus(HP) using a multiwavelength, reverse phase gradient HPLC system. The levels of antioxidant vitamins converged to the similar value in all groups at 9 wks of age. Retinol, lycopene and cryptoxanthin levels of all experimental groups were found to be the highest in hippocampus at both 3 & 9wks of age. The levels of vitamin E appeared to be higher in the order of HP>CS-CB>FC in MO & ME. Beta-carotene and retinol showed the lowest level in hippocampus of vitamin E supplemented groups, even though vitamin E level tended to be higher in other sections. It seemed that vitamin E has an inhibitory action on the uptake of beta-carotene or acts as a preferred antioxidant to beta-carotene in certain section of the brain. By improving fatty acid balance (AA/DHA = 1.4, $\omega$6/$\omega$3=6.3, P/M/S=1.0/1.5/1, AA = 2%), the levels of vitamin E, retinol, lycopene & beta=carotene tended to be higher in MO than in SO, although crytoxanthin became lower at 3wks of age. In short, dietary fatty acids and vitamin E have different influence on antioxidant vitamin status in different rat brain sections. The higher levels of antioxidant vitamins in hippocampus should be pursued further in relation to behavioral development of rats.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2010

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (1.1-5.6%) and vitamin E (70 and 400 mg/kg) on the growth and body composition of juvenile rockfish. Six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (17% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of n-3 HUFA and vitamin E. Diets 1, 2 and 3 consist of 400 mg vitamin E/kg diet with graded levels of 1.1, 3.0, and 5.6% n-3 HUFA, respectively. Graded levels of n-3 HUFA (1.1, 3.0, and 4.0%) were added in diets 4, 5 and 6, respectively, containing 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet each. At the end of feeding trial, growth performance of rockfish was affected by neither dietary n-3 HUFA nor vitamin E levels. Feed efficiency and hepatosomatic index were slightly decreased (P<0.05) with increment of dietary n-3 HUFA at each dietary vitamin E level. Dietary vitamin E and n-3 HUFA levels did not affect proximate composition and vitamin E concentration in the dorsal muscle of rockfish. Liver moisture and crude protein contents positively related to dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Liver lipid content and hematocrit value were significantly decreased (P<0.05) by increasing dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) concentrations in the dorsal muscle significantly correlated to dietary n-3 HUFA levels, except for fish fed the diet 6 containing 4% n-3 HUFA and 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet. EPA concentration in the dorsal muscle of fish fed the diet 6 was significantly lower than that of fish fed the diets 2, 3 and 5. The present findings suggest that feeding of diets containing excessive n-3 HUFA level with varying addition of vitamin E may alter fatty acid composition in the dorsal muscle, but do not affect growth of juvenile rockfish.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the MTHFR variants, folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiencies increase the risk of hyperhomocysteinaemia and adverse pregnancy outcome such as short gestational age or reduced birth weight. Healthy pregnant women (n=136; 24-28 gestational weeks; 20-40 years old), who visited Ewha Womans University Hospital for prenatal care, participated in this study. At the time of delivery, trained nurses recorded the pregnancy outcome from medical chart. We determined maternal MTHFR polymorphisms (C to T subsitution at nucleotide 677) and measured serum homocyteine, vitamin $B_{12}$, and folate concentrations. We compared serum homocysteine level by MTHFR genotype, serum folate and serum vitamin B12 levels using ANOVA. To evaluate the association between serum homocysteine level and pregnancy outcome, we compared the gestational age and birth weight by serum homocysteine levels using multiple regression analysis, adjusting for other potential predictors. Mean level of serum homocysteine was highest among pregnant women of the MTHFR variants with low levels of serum folate and vitamin $B_{12}$. Regarding association with birth outcome, we found the relationship between homocysteine levels and increased gestational age (p=0.03) and reduced birth outcome (p>0.05). Our data demonstrates that serum level of folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ among pregnant women affects significantly serum homocysteine levels, and the genetic polymorphism of MTHFR modulates the relationship between them. However, we did not have conclusive evidence of association between high homocysteine level and adverse pregnancy outcome such as preterm or low birth weight.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.201-205
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• 1974

Blood serum from 30 pregnant cows, 6 non-Pregnant cows (one month after delivery), 6 sterile cows (ovarian cyst), and 6 heifers (16 months old) were analyzed for total vitamin E concentration by the ferric chloride-bipyridyl reaction. The pregnant group was determined periodically throughout pregnancy. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean value of serum vitamin E level in pregnant group was $0.651{\pm}0.068(SE)mg/100ml$, in non-pregnant group $0.647{\pm}0.119(SE)mg/100ml$, in sterile group $0.488{\pm}0.053(SE)mg/100ml$, and in heifer group $0.083{\pm}0.016(SE)mg/100ml$. Samples below 0.19mg/100ml were net observed and most of the pregnants (83.3%) showed the values of 0.40 to 0.99mg/100ml during pregnancy 2. The difference of vitamin E level between pregnant group and non-pregnant group was net significant, but these trio groups showed a significantly higher value than that of sterile group. On the other hand, in heifer group was recognized significantly lower value compared with adult groups. 3. The change of serum vitamin E level in pregnant group revealed the tendency of decrease as gestation progresses and significantly dropped at the eighth month, thereafter, the value was rose slightly at the tenth month of gestation but no differences were observed. The coefficient of correlation between months and serum vitamin E levels during pregnancy was r=-0.956(p<0.01), and a regression equation was Y (serum vitamin E levels, mg/100ml)=1.034-0.063x(month).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1974

Biochemical studies such as growth rate, blood cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents in various organs of albino male rats were studied in the Garlic, Vitamin E, high and low protein diet fed groups. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1) Either single 10% or 30% protein diet fed rats were not shown growth rate properly. In supplementation of Vitamin E or Garlic on 30% protein growth rate was a more increased than that of the 10% protein diet group. 2) The rate of food consumption of rats fed a 10% or 30% protein diet supplemented with Vitamin E and Garlic was more increased than that of the control Group receving 10% or 30% protein diet alone. 3) No essential difference was observed between the cholesterol level in blood of rats fed 10% protein diet supplemented with Vitamin E and Garlic and that of rats Receiving 10% protein diet alone. But the cholesterol level in blood of rats fed 30% protein diet supplemented with Vitamin E and Garlic was lower than that of control receiving 30% protein diet alone. 4) The Vitamin C contents in various organs of rats fed the diet supplemented with Vitamin E and Garlic seems to be a little higher than that of the control group fed the protein diet alone.