• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.1034-1063
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• 2021

The experiment was designed as a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, including (i) pomegranate peel (zero, 4%, and 8 percent), (ii) oxidized soybean oil (zero, 2%, and 4 percent), and (iii) alpha-tocopherol (zero and 200 mg/kg). Supplementation of 8% pomegranate peel in diets significantly decreased the growth performance of broiler chickens. The supplementation of 4% oxidized oil in diets significantly reduced body weight gain and Feed intake whole experimental period (p < 0.05). The results showed that supplementation of 4% pomegranate peel in the diet was associated with low aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase, and malondialdehyde (MDA). However, 4% pomegranate peel increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. The supplemental 4% oxidized oil increased the serum AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and MDA concentrations. TAC, SOD, and Catalase (CAT) activities were affected by 4% oxidized oil and alpha-tocopherol. The use of oxidized oil and vitamin E decreased MDA concentration. The serum glucose and globulin concentrations were significantly lower in the 8% pomegranate peel. The results showed that supplementation with 4% pomegranate peel in diets reduced serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The inclusion of 4% oxidized oil in diets reduced serum glucose and increased the blood lipid concentration such as triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL. Vitamin E supplementation reduced the serum cholesterol and LDL concentrations. The use of 8% pomegranate peel reduced red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, and packed cell value (PCV). The results indicated that supplementation with 8% pomegranate peel and 4% oxidized oil in diets decreased the immunoglobulin concentration in broilers. In addition, it was found that the inclusion of 4% pomegranate peel in diets resulted in higher IgG, IgM and total immunoglobulin. Pomegranate peel supplementation significantly decreased meat MDA concentration. Supplementation of 4% oxidized oil increased MDA of meat (p < 0.05). Vitamin E supplementation (200 mg/kg) significantly decreased MDA of meat (p < 0.05). Consequently, the results of this experiment showed that supplementation with 4% pomegranate peel had beneficial effects on broiler chickens. It was also found that feeding 2% oxidized oil in diets had no adverse effect on broilers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.515-517
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• 1996

The relative efficiencies of deposition into egg yolk of apo-carotenoic acid ester(APO-E, CAROPHYLL Yellow) and saponified marigold xanthophylls (MX), in the presence of canthaxanthin (CN), were determined using a wheat-based diet. APO-E was deposited with an efficiency of 50 percent and MX with an efficiency between 13 and 20 percent. The dose response relationship for MX was curvilinear with a decreased efficiency at higher concentrations. Canthaxanthin was deposited with and efficiency of 38 percent, irrespective of the source of yellow xanthophylls, up to a dietary concentration of 5.5 mg/kg. At a dietary MX concentration of 8.3 mg/kg the efficiency of deposition of CN declined to 24 percent. The results confirm that the replacement ratio of MX : APO-E is between 3 : 1 and 4 : 1 depending on the dietary inclusion of marigold pigment.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 소아정신과에서 자폐로 진단받은 아동을 대상으로 항산화비타민을 공급하기 전후를 비교하여 신체 계측과 모발 내 유해 무기질 함량, 혈장 내 항산화 체계를 관찰하였고 혈장 지질 및 간 기능에 미치는 영향, 자폐성향 측정 및 사회성숙도를 비교하였다. 항산화비타민 섭취 전과 후의 영양소 섭취량을 조사한 결과 섭취량에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 자폐아동에게 3개월간 항산화 비타민을 공급한 후 유해중금속 함량을 측정한 결과는 As, Pb 및 Al의 경우에는 항산화 비타민 공급 후 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 감소하는 경향이었다. 그러나 Cd와 Hg은 항산화 비타민 공급 후 유의적으로 감소함을 관찰할 수 있었다. 학습장애에 영향을 미치는 미네랄인 Na, Cr도 항산화 공급 후 감소되어지는 것을 관찰하였으며 여러 항산화 효소들의 구성요소인 Fe, Zn, Mn 및 Se을 관찰한 결과 항산화비타민 공급 후 함량이 증가되었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 혈중 serotonin을 측정한 결과는 항산화 비타민 섭취 전에 비해 섭취 후 serotonin 함량이 다소 증가하였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었으며 free radical 함량은 항산화비타민 섭취 전에 비해 섭취 후 free radical 함량이 23% 유의적으로 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 항산화 비타민이 모발 내 미네랄함량, 중금속 함량, free radical 함량 및 자폐성향 및 사회성숙도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보아 자폐아동에게 항산화비타민의 보충이 자폐아동의 행동 및 발달장애를 개선시킨 것이라고 사료되어진다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.294-303
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• 2019

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin levels on physiological responses, blood profiles, and reproductive performance in gestating sows. A total of 52 F1 multiparous sows ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace$) with an average body weight of $223.5{\pm}31.7kg$, an average parity of $6.4{\pm}2.7$, and an average backfat thickness of $18.5{\pm}4.9mm$ were divided into four treatment groups considering body weight, backfat thickness, and parity in a completely randomized design with 13 replicates. The treatments were 100% (V1), 300% (V3), 600% (V6) and 900% (V9) of the National Research Council (NRC) Nutrient Requirements of Swine. The gestation diet was formulated based on corn-soybean meal (SBM) and contained 3,265 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg and 12.00% crude protein. During the lactation period, all sows were fed the same commercial lactation diet. There was no significant difference in body weight of gestating sows. However backfat thickness tended to increase when higher levels of vitamins were provided to gestating sows (p < 0.10). When high levels of dietary vitamins were provided, the body weight change of lactating sows increased (p < 0.01). When sows were fed higher levels of vitamins, the feed intake of lactating sows tended to decrease (p = 0.06). There were no treatment differences in the number of total born, born alive, stillbirth piglets, or the body weight of piglets according to different dietary vitamin level. As dietary vitamin level increased, the serum concentration of $25(OH)D_3$ in sows at 90 days of gestation linearly increased (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the serum vitamin E level of gestating sows was linearly increased with increasing dietary vitamin level (p < 0.05). The current NRC vitamin requirements are sufficient for gestating sows and higher levels of vitamins in the gestation diet did not show any beneficial effects for gestating and lactating sows.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of persimmon leaf extracts on human gastric cancer cells. In vitro anticancer effects of persimmon leaf extracts (water extract at 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours, water extract at room temperature for 48 hours, 50% ethanol extract at 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours, 50% ethanol extract at room temperature for 48 hours, 75% ethanol extract at 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours and 75% ethanol extract at room temperature for 48 hours) on SNU16 (Korean gastric cancer cell) were investigated by MTT assay. Persimmon leaf extracts exhibited strong in vitro anticancer effects. We found that the higher the ethanol content of the solvent, the stronger the in vitro anticancer effects. Extraction yields, contents of flavonoids, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E were measured. We found that the higher the ethanol content of the solvent, the higher the extraction yields and the contents of flavonoids, vitamin A and vitamin E. Among persimmon leaf extracts, 75% ethanol 8$0^{\circ}C$ extract showed the highest extraction yield, the highest contents of flavonoids, vitamin A and vitamin E and exhibitied the strongest in vitro anticancer effect on SNU16. Therefore, 75% ethanol 8$0^{\circ}C$ extract was chosen as the material to investigate in vivo anticancer effects. In vivo anticancer effect of persimmon leaf 75% ethanol 8$0^{\circ}C$ extract was investigated in SNU16 transplanted nude mice. Twenty five female nude mice (BALB/c) were blocked into five groups according to body weight and raised for 4 weeks with diets containing 4% (w/w), 8% (w/w) persimmon leaf 75% ethanol 8$0^{\circ}C$ extract, with IT (intratumoral) injection treatment with 1.65 mg/100 $\mu$1, 3.3 mg/100 $\mu$1 concentration every other day 3 weeks after SNU16 was transplanted. Persimmon 75% ethanol 8$0^{\circ}C$ extract significantly lowered tumor weight and tumor volume in SNU16 transplanted nude mice. Tumor weight and tumor volume in all experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. Helper T cell (CD4) levels of mice injected with 3.3 mg/100 $\mu$1 extract significantly increased. Cytotoxic T cell (CD8) levels in all experimental groups significantly increased and helper/cytotoxic T cell ratios in all experimental groups significantly decreased. Natural killer cell and MHC class II molecule in all experimental groups significantly increased. In conclusion, persimmon leaf 75% ethanol 8$0^{\circ}C$ extract exhibited strong in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects against SNU16 cells and it increased cytotoxic T cell, natural killer cell and MHC classII molecule in experimental groups in SNU16 transplanted nude mice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2016

The objectives of the trial were to investigate the effects of supplementing vitamin E (VE) on nutrient digestion, nitrogen (N) retention and plasma parameters of beef cattle in feedlot. Four growing Simmental bulls, fed with a total mixed ration composed of corn silage and concentrate mixture as basal ration, were used as the experimental animals. Four levels of VE product, i.e. 0, 150, 300, 600 mg/head/d (equivalent to 0, 75, 150, 300 IU VE/head/d), were supplemented to the basal ration (VE content 38 IU/kg dry matter) in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design as experimental treatments I, II, III and IV, respectively. Each experimental period lasted 15 days, of which the first 12 days were for pretreatment and the last 3 days for sampling. The results showed that supplementing VE did not affect the nutrient digestibility (p>0.05) whereas decreased the urinary N excretion (p<0.01), increased the N retention (p<0.05) and tended to increase the microbial N supply estimated based on the total urinary purine derivatives (p = 0.057). Supplementing VE increased the plasma concentrations of VE, glucose and triglycerol (TG) (p<0.05) and tended to increase the plasma concentration of total protein (p = 0.096) whereas did not affect the plasma antioxidant indices and other parameters (p>0.05). It was concluded that supplementing VE up to 300 IU/head/d did not affect the nutrient digestibility whereas supplementing VE at 150 or 300 IU/head/d increased the N retention and the plasma concentrations of VE and TG (p<0.05) of beef cattle.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.614-618
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• 2004

늙은 호박을 이용하여 기능성 있는 양갱을 제조하기 위하여 호박 페이스트의 양을 $87\%$(A제품), $90\%$(B제품), $93\%$(C제품)로 비율을 달리하여 한천, 설탕, 물엿, 소금을 이용한 3가지 호박양갱 제품을 제조하여 영양성분을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 아미노산은 glutamic acid와 aspartic acid가 가장 높게 나타났고, 비타민 E는 C 제품이 A와 B제품에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 또한 구성 당 함량에서는 glucose와 galactose는 C제품이, fructose와 lactose는 A제품이 다른 제품에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타나 대조를 이루었다. 무기질 중 다량원소인 칼슘, 마그네슘, 칼륨과 나트륨은 C제품이, 미량원소인 아연과 망간은 A제품이 가장 높게 나타났다. 특히 칼륨의 함량이 다른 무기질에 비하여 가장 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.286-298
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• 1993

In order to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) on the liver damage, metallothionein synthesis and hepatic antioxidative detoxification system in cadmium(Cd) administered rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats(60\\5g) were divided into two diet groups, depending on with (CdS groups) or without (Cd groups) 0.5ppm Se supplementation and fed experimental diets ad libidum for 4 weeks. And then each group was again subdivided into five groups, depending on injection number of Cd, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 times of 2.5mg Cd/kg of body wt once a day. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit values, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activite were decreased progressively with increasing number of Cd injection, but increased by the supplementation of Se. The reduced form of glutathione (GSH) contents in blood and liver and vitamin E content were decreased and oxidized form (GSSG) increased in Cd groups, but these of Se supplemented groups were not very different from controls. Cd reduced liver vitamin E content which was not restored by Se supplementation. Liver lipid peroxide values were elevated with increasing doses of Cd, but Se supplementation reduced these elevated levels. Accumulation of metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with increasing number of Cd injection, but Se did not affect on them. Histological examination revealed that lysosomes were significantly increased and mitochondria and Golgi apparatus were enlarged by Cd, however, these changes were reduced by Se. It was concluded that Se administration promoted antioxidative detoxification and alleviated peroxidative damage in rat liver by Cd.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2002

젖소에서 우유생산량의 증가시키기 위한 방안을 제시하기 위하여, 고능력우와 저능력우의 혈액화학치를 조사 연구하였다. 젖소 30두(3산에서 5산 사이)를 분만후 15, 30, 60, 90일의 착유량을 기준으로 두 군으로 나누었다. 착유량이 27 kg/day 이하인 군을 A(group A)군으로 하고, 30 kg/day 이상인 군을 B(group B)군으로 하였다. 혈액 샘플은 경정맥을 통하여, 분만전 15일, 분만후 12시간 이내(0 days), 분만후 15, 30, 60, 90일에 채혈하였다. 혈액 광물질 중 Mg과 Cg 농도는 B군이 A군보다 지속적으로 높았다. 무기인 농도는 두 군간에 분만전후에 변동이 있었으나, 분만후 15일과 30일에는 B군이 A군보다 유의성있게 높았다 (p<0.05). 혈액화학치 중에 cholesterol 농도는 분만당일을 제외하고는 B군이 지속적으로 높았고, BUN 농도와 glucose 농도는 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 비타민 A 농도는 분만전 15일과 분만후 15일에 B군이 A군보다 유의성있게 높았고 (p<0.01), 비타민 E 농도는 실험기간동안에 두 군 사이에 차이가 없었다. 결과적으로 우유 생산량을 증가시키기 위해서 저능력우에 분만 전후에 사료 중에 Mg, Ca, Pi 과 비타민 A를 첨가하여주는 것이 효과가 있을 것이다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.146-150
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative potential of Korean wild leafy vegetables in vivo as well as in vitro. Antioxidative activities of Aster scaber and Ligularia fischeri were evaluated against a reference of Spinacia oleracea Forty rats were fed either control diet or respective vegetable diets for four weeks. The level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver were compared. The plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) were also compared. Korean wild leafy vegetables were assayed for $\beta$-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E and total phenolic compound including flavonoid and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value using the linoleic acid model system. SOD activity in rats fed Aster scaber was significantly higher(as much as 289%) than those fed Spinacia oleracea. Compared to control animals, the Aster scaber fed animals had significantly lower TC and lower atherogenic index. Compared to Spinacia oleracea, Aster scaber and Ligularia fischeri had vitamin C concentration of 150% and 400%, flavonoid concentrations of 470% and 310%, and phenolic compound concentrations of 326% and 203%, respectively, but tended to have lower $\beta$-carotene and significantly lower vitamin E concentrations. TBA values were only 18% of the control value in Aster scarier and Ligularia fischeri and 41% of the control value in Spinacia oleracea. These results suggest that Aster scaber could have potent antioxidative activity in vivo as well as in vitro and potential vague as a functional food to improve the plasma lipid profiles. Furthermore, phenolic and flavonoid compounds may be a major contributing factor to the antioxidative potential of Korean wild leafy vegetables.