• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.379-385
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• 1995

Ninety Wistar male rats were used to study the effects of vitamin E and Se supplementation to diets containing aflatoxin $B_1$ on the contents of liver lipids and various blood parameters. Two levels of dietary aflatoxin (0 and 1 ppm), 3 levels of vitamin E (30, 60 and 120 IU/kg), and 3 levels of Se (0.1, 1 and 2 ppm) were used to design a $2{\times}3{\times}3$ factorial experiment. Rats, weighing about 200 g, were randomly allotted to 18 cages, 5 rats per cage. The aflatoxin significantly (p < .05) decreased growth rate, feed intake and feed efficiency. Aflatoxin increased the glucose level and decreased the cholesterol level in blood significantly. Levels of blood triglyceride, total protein, and albumin were not affected by aflatoxin, vitamin E or Se. Activities of blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased by aflatoxin; however, the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the blood was decreased by aflatoxin even in the presence of Se. The vitamin E supplementation decreased the AST activity significantly, while GSH-Px activity increased significantly as the levels of dietary Se increased. The levels of total cholesterol and free cholesterol in the liver were significantly lower in rats receiving aflatoxin, while the extra vitamin E supplementation increased these hepatic cholesterol levels. It was concluded that the extra dietary vitamin E or Se supplementation might partially alleviate some of the harmful effects of aflatoxin in rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of P/S ratio of fatty acid and antioxidant (vitamin E, selenium) supplements on the serum lipid levels and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity in rats. Female 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. While the peroxidizability index (PI) levels of fatty acids in the experimental diets were fixed at 81.22, the levels of P/S ratio of fatty acids were formulated at 0.38, 1.00, 4.81 (LP, MP, HP). These diets were supplemented with vitamin E (1,000 mg/kg diet) and selenium (2.5 mg/kg diet) (LP-S, MP-S, HP-S). This study showed that the serum concentrations of total-cholesterol and HDL-C increased with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p <0.05). Antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered the concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-C of serum (p<0.05). Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the liver tended to decrease with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p<0.001), but antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver was not significantly different. In addition, antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered TBARS level in the liver (p<0.05), but had no effect on antioxidant enzyme activity except for glutathione reductase (p<0.05). In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the properties of dietary fatty acids and antioxidants supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.367-379
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of antioxidants (vitamin E, selenium, and coenzyme $Q_{10}$) on the bleomycin-induced pulmonary lesions in male rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 4 treatment groups ($T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$, $T_4$) and 4 control groups ($C_1$, $C_1$, $C_3$, $C_4$). The treatment groups of rats weie given a single intratracheal dose of bleomycin (1.5 units/rat) and control groups of rats were given a single intratracheal dose of normal saline (0.15ml/rat). The rats in the $T_1$ group and $C_1$, group were dosed with normal saline (0.5ml/kg/day), the rats in the $T_2$ group and $C_2$ group were dosed with vitamin E (50mg/kg/day), the rats in the $T_3$ group and $C_3$ group were dosed with sodium selenite (3mg/kg/day) and the rats in the $T_4$ gronp and $C_4$ group were dosed with coenzyme $Q_{10}$ (2.5mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 7 days or 14 days, respectively. Animals were killed at 7th and 14th day after dosing with bleomycin or saline. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Lung wet weight of treatment groups of rats was increased significantly while body weight gain of them was decreased significantly in comparison with that of control groups of rats (p<0.01). 2. The ratio(%) of lung wet weight to final body weight of treatment groups of rats was increased significantly in comparison with that of control groups of rats (p<0.01). 3. The main histopathological findings of lungs observed in rats at 7th day after dosing with bleomycin were proliferation of the type II alveolar epithelial cells and fibroblasts, increased invading of macrophages into lesions, round cell infiltration and perivascular edema. 4. Lung fibrous tissues were markedly increased in rats observed at 14th day after dosing with bleomycin. 5. Pumonary lesions observed in rats dosed with bleomycin and antioxidants(vitamin E, selenium, coenzyme $Q_{10}$) were not significantly different from those of rats given bleomycin alone.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.601-606
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• 1997

Mulberry heart disease was associated with vitamin E and selenium deficiency of pigs. Anatomical findings of this disease were hydropericadium, extensive patchy hemorrhage of epicardium, endocardium, and discoloration of dark red color of myocardium. In histological findings were characterized by acute myocardial degeneration, extensive hemorrhage, fibrinoid degeneration of arterioles, PAS positive material deposition of arterioles and capillary thrombosis. In affected herds, feed and serum tocopherol and selenium concentration were less than normal values.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a composite feed additive (CFA) consisting of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and choline on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat properties of Hanwoo steers. Twenty-two late fattening steers were randomly assigned to one of two dietary groups, control (commercial concentrate + rice straw) and treatment (commercial concentrate + rice straw + 50 g of CFA). Average daily gain (ADG) was 4.0% higher in treatment than that in control; however, there was no statistically significant difference. The supplementation of CFA had no effect on overall yield or quality traits of carcass. CFA had no effect on chemical composition, water holding capacity, shear force, cooking loss, or myoglobin values in longissimus muscle; however, the content of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol was increased by supplementation of CFA (p < 0.01). The contents of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid and n-3 fatty acids were higher in treatment group than in control (p < 0.01). The ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids was decreased by supplementation of CFA (p < 0.01). The supplementation of CFA had no effect on pH or thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values in longissimus muscle (raw); however, TBARS (cooked) values were lower in treatment group than in control during refrigerated storage (p < 0.01). Thus, the results indicate that the supplementation of CFA (vitamin C + vitamin E + selenium + choline) had some positive effects on the increase in ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and n-3 fatty in longissimus muscle, without any negative effect on growth performance or carcass characteristics of late fattening Hanwoo steers.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1350-1364
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• 2021

Objective: Adequate vitamin and trace mineral intake for pigs are important to achieve satisfactory growth performance. There are no data available on the vitamin and trace mineral intake across pig producers in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the amount of vitamin and trace minerals used in Chinese pig diets. Methods: A 1-year survey of supplemented vitamin and trace minerals in pig diets was organized in China. A total of 69 producers were invited for the survey, which represents approximately 90% of the pig herd in China. Data were compiled by bodyweight stages to determine descriptive statistics. Nutrients were evaluated for vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, biotin, choline, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium, and iodine. Data were statistically analyzed by functions in Excel. Results: The results indicated variation for supplemented vitamin (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B₁₂, pantothenic acid, niacin, and choline) and trace minerals (copper, manganese, zinc, and iodine) in pig diets, but most vitamins and trace minerals were included at concentrations far above the total dietary requirement estimates reported by the National Research Council and the China's Feeding Standard of Swine. Conclusion: The levels of vitamin and trace mineral used in China's pig industry vary widely. Adding a high concentration for vitamin and trace mineral appears to be common practice in pig diets. This investigation provides a reference for supplementation rates of the vitamins and trace minerals in the China's pig industry.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2006

본 연구는 비육돈 사료내 Se과 비타민 E를 첨가하였을 때 육질 특성 및 저장성을 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 3원 교잡종($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) 비육돈 80두를 공시하였으며, 시험개시시의 체중은 74.74 kg이었다. 시험설계는 Se의 첨가수준과 첨가형태에 따라 1) CON(basal diet), 2) ISE2 (basal diet + 0.2 ppm inorganic Se + 100 ppm vitamin E), 3) ISE4(basal diet + 0.4 ppm inorganic Se + 100 ppm vitamin E), 4) OSE2(basal diet + 0.2 ppm organic Se + 100 ppm vitamin E) 및 5) OSE4(basal diet +0.4 ppm organic Se + 100 ppm vitamin E)로 5처리를 하여 처리당 4반복, 반복당 4마리 씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 가열 감량은 ISE4 처리구가 CON 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 조지방 함량은 OSE2 처리구가 다른 처리구들과 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 적색도를 나타내는 $a^*$-값은 저장 10일째 OSE2 처리구가 다른 처리구들과 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). TBARS에서도 저장 10일째에 OSE4 처리구가 CON과 ISE2 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 결론적으로, 비육돈 사료내 Se와 비타민 E를 첨가하였을 때 가열감량, 육색 및 지방산패도에 미치는 영향은 미미한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.376-383
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• 1988

본 실험에서는 항산화제로 보고된 vitamin E와 Se이 부족된 상태에서 과산화반응의 원인물질이 되는 고도불포화지방산을 섭취시켰을때 여러수준의 methionine 이 생체내 지질과산화 반응에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 85g 내외의 Spraque-Dawley종 숫쥐 40마리를 5군으로 나누어 12주간 사육한 후 지질과산화물 함량, glutathione peroxidase활성도 및 전자현미경학적 조사를 하였으며, 그 결과 체중증가, 사료효율은 대조군과 비교했을때 MF군이 유의적으로 낮았고, 간의 중량 비대현상이 나타났다. 그란 0.3%-0.6%수준의 methionine공급에 의해서 호전될 수 있었다. 혈장과 간mitochondria 분획에서의 지질과산화물 함량은 대조군과 비교했을대 MF군이 유의적으로 높았는데, 0.6% methionine 공급에 의해서 저하시킬 수 있었다. 적혈구와 간mitochondria 분획에서의 GSH-Px 활성도는 MF준이 대조군에 비해서 유의적으로 낮았으나 3M군과 6M군에 비해서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 간세포의 전자현미경조사에서는 MF군이 정상군에 비해서 지방소적, mitochondria의 swelling 및 융합, 그리고 disse강내 microvilli의 파괴가 관찰되었으나 methionine의 공급에 의해 다소 호전되었다. 그러나 정상적인 간세포 형태를 나타내지는 못하였다. 본 연구결과는 vitamin E와 Se의 부족 및 고도 불포화지방산을 섭취시켰을때 지질과산화물형성이 증가되며, 조직학적 변화를 유발하였다. 그러나 methionine에 의해서 이들 다소 억제시킬 수가 있었으며, 본 실험에서는 0.6%수준에서 비교적 양호하게 나타났다. 또한 methionine 단독으로서의 항산화력 증진 보다는 항산화제로서 관련된 영양소와의 상호작용에 의해 그 효과가 더욱 더 증대 될 수 있다고 활 수 있으며, 따라서 보다 균형적인 영양소 섭취에 의해서 지질과 산화의 유해한 반응으로부터 보호작용을 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 1973

마늘은 강장(强壯), 강정(强精) 식품으로 인정되어 왔으나 그 원인은 아직 미지이다. 여기에는 비타민 E와 밀접한 연관성이 있는 Se 함유아미노산에 기인됨을 가정하고 병아리에 비타민 E, Se 및 마늘을 투여하여 각 장기에 대한 Se 의 함량을 조사하였다. 마늘을 투여한 동물은 Se 및 비타민 E와 Se 투여군보다 Se 함량이 많으며 특히 정소에는 수배이나 축적됨으로 정력제로 될수 있는 요인이 된다고 본다. 쥐에 Se를 $2\;{\mu}g/ml\;(Na_2SeO_3\;Na_2SeO_4)$ 투여하여 성장 및 생존에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Se 투여군에서 숫쥐는 성장 및 치사에 영향이 없지만 암쥐는 성장이 훨씬 저하되었다. 본 실험결과 마늘이 정력제에 작용을 하는 것은 Se 함유 아미노산 함량이 풍부함으로 이것이 비타민 E의 작용과 같이 불임(不姙)을 막고 노쇠한 모세혈관을 회복시키는 역할을 상승시켜 주는 것으로 간주된다. 여기서는 Se, 비타민 E, 마늘에 대한 동물의 기능에 영향을 관찰 한 것을 보고 한다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2001

납중독에 따른 식이내 Se 함량이 간조직의 산화적 손상을 방어할 수 있는 가를 관찰하기 위해 140g 내외의 흰쥐 Sprague-Dawley종 수컷을 정상군과 식이 내에 납 함량을 2,000 ppm 투여한 납투여 실험군으로 나누고 다시 식이내 Se 수준에 따라 0 ppm(Pb0군), 0.5 ppm(PbS군), 1.0 ppm(PbSS군) 식이군으로 나누어 4주간 사육한 후 간장 중 SOD. GSH-Px, GST 등 항산화효소의 활성을 측정하고, GSH 및 비타민 E 함량을 측정하였다. 또한 전자현미경을 통하여 간세포의 소기관을 관찰하였다. 1. 간장 중 SOD는 Pb0군이 다른 군에 비해 다소 높았다. GSH-Px 활성은 Pb0군은 정상군에 비해 현저하게 감소되었으나 PbS군과 PbSS군간은 Pb0군에 비해 증가되었다. GST활성은 Pb0군만 정상군에 비해 감소되었고 PbS, PbSS,군은 정상군 수준이었다. 2. GSH 함량은 정상군에 비해 Pb0군에서 낮았으나 정상군과 PbS. PbSS군은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. GSSG는 GSH와 반대로 Pb0군에서 증가되었으며 GSH/GSSG는 GSH함량과 같은 경향이었다. 또한 간조직 중의 비타민 E함량은 Pb0군은 정상군에 비해 약 50% 정도의 수준이었고 PbSS군과 PbS군은 Pb0군에 비해 증가되었다. 3. 전자현미경적 관찰에서는 RER의 감소, 라이소솜의 증가, 미토콘드리아의 종창 등을 나타내었는데 그 정도는 PbSS, PbS, Pb0군 순으로 심하게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 식이 중 Se의 다량 첨가는 납중독으로 인한 간조직의 항산화계를 강화시키고 세포 소기관들의 산화적 손상을 현저하게 완화시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있다.