• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.496-506
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 우리나라 12~18세 청소년의 플라보노이드 섭취 실태와 그 역학적 특성을 파악하기 위해 제 4 5기 국민건강영양조사 (2007~2012) 자료의 24시간 회상법 자료와 상용식품 중 플라보노이드 함량 데이터베이스를 연계하여 1일 총 플라보노이드 및 개별 플라보노이드 (플라보놀, 플라본, 플라바논, 플라반-3-올, 안토시아니딘, 이소플라본) 섭취량을 추정하였다. 그 결과, 한국 12~18세 청소년의 1일 평균 총 플라보노이드 섭취량은 남자 청소년이 195.6 mg/d, 여자 청소년이 189.4 mg/d 였으며, 개별 플라보노이드 중에는 플라보놀, 이소플라본 순으로 섭취량이 많았다. 플라보노이드 섭취량에 따라 영양소 및 식품군의 섭취량에 뚜렷한 차이가 있었는데, 플라보노이드 섭취량이 많은 군에서 지방 섭취량과 지방 기여 에너지 섭취량이 유의하게 낮았으며, 식이섬유와 비타민 C 섭취량은 유의하게 증가하였다. 식품군 별로 살펴보았을 때, 플라보노이드 섭취량이 많은 군일수록 곡류와 육류, 우유 및 유제품 군의 섭취량이 적었고, 두류와 과일류의 섭취가 선형적으로 증가하였다. 플라보노이드 섭취량에 따른 사회인구학적 요인, 건강 관련 지표, 식생활 요인의 분포를 살펴보았을 때, 플라보노이드 섭취량이 많은 그룹일수록 여성의 비율이 더 많았으며, 허리둘레와 수축기 혈압의 평균값이 유의하게 적었다. 여러 역학연구를 통해 플라보노이드가 심혈관계 질환, 당뇨병 등 만성질환의 예방에 긍정적인 영향을 미침이 증명되었고, 청소년기의 식생활은 성인기 이후 만성질환의 발생과 연관이 있으므로, 성인기의 건강을 위해서 청소년기부터 플라보노이드가 풍부한 식생활을 하는 것이 중요할 것으로 사료된다. 청소년의 플라보노이드 섭취 실태를 확인한 본 연구에서 더 나아가 플라보노이드 섭취량과 대사지표 및 질병의 유병률 등과의 연관성에 대한 후속 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.304-319
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• 2023

Previous studies have suggested that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, predominantly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have several health benefits. However, their effect on changes in skeletal muscle mass and strength has not been established, owing to differences in study designs. This systematic review aimed to investigate the recent evidence regarding the role of dietary EPA and DHA in muscle mass changes and their association with muscle strength. Databases including PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for randomized controlled trials and single-arm interventions that investigated the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and body composition in adults aged 18 years and older. A total of 18,521 studies were retrieved from the databases and manual searches; 21 studies were quality assessed, and the findings were summarized. Studies were categorized into 3 main categories according to the type of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation: pure compounds such as oil tablets, formulated forms with protein, leucine, and vitamin D, and ingredients added to enteral nutrition support products. Overall, the majority of the study results appeared to indicate that omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial for muscle health. However, meta-analysis was not conducted because of the heterogeneity of the study participants, evaluation method of muscle indices, and intervention periods among the studies. High-quality studies are required to validate our conclusions. However, this systematic review of the effects of EPA and DHA on skeletal muscle and body composition provides evidence that can be applied in both clinical and industrial settings.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 1998

Dietary and other factors affecting bone density of 32 Korean healthy college women aged 19-23 years were assessed. Data for food and nutrient intake was obtained by a semiquantitiative food frequency questionnaire. Serum samples were anlayzed for total Ca, P, Ca++, PTH, calcitonin and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol , (25-OH-Vit D3) and BMDs of lumbar spine(L2-L4), femoral neck(FN), ward's triangle (WT) and trochanter(TR) were measured by an XR-series X-ray bone densitometer. Relationships between the factors and BMDs were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient(r). The results are summarized as follows. Mean daily intake of energy(86.1%), Ca(74.3%), vitamin A (53.75), Fe(49.75) and vitamin B$_2$(86.6%) were lower while other notrients incuding P(126%) were higher than the Korean RDA. The BMDs of lumbar spines and femurs ranged from 0.73g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 1.23g/$\textrm{cm}^2$and 0.48g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 1.04g/$\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively. Both protein and P intakes were inversely associated with serum total Ca. Furthermore, Ca intake as well as Ca/P ratio (Ca/P) were inversely associated with serum ionized Ca(Ca++) concentration. The intakes of protein P and Ca , however, were not significantly associated with the BMDs measured in this study. There were little association between BMDs and alcoholic beverage or caffeine consumption. The only significant association detected was a positive relationship between caffeine consumption and BMD of WT. It seemed to be noticeable that BMDs of L2-L$_4$, FN and WT were significantly inversely associated with serum P concentration. However, there was no significant association between BMDs and the levels of total Ca to Ca++ in serum. Body weight was positively associated with BMD of lumbar spine and BMI was also positively associated with BMDs of FN and WT. The subjects who had an early menarche appeared to have higher BMDs than those who had had a late mearche. According to stepwise multiple regression analysis. Menarche and BMI were stronger determinants of BMDs in the young women than was diet. P intake appeared to be a more potent dietary determinant than Ca intake. The three factors, menarche, BMI , and P intake , additionally accounted for 24% and 378% of the variance in BMDs of FN and L$_2$-L$_4$, respectively. Further investigation is necessary to determine the factors needed to increase serum P level which negatively affects. BMD in young Korean college women.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 떫은감의 대표적인 품종인 대봉감과 반시의 일반성분 및 영양성분을 분석하고 비교하였으며, 대봉감과 반시의 재배지역별 영양성분의 특성을 살펴보았다. 다양한 영양성분은 품종에 따라 다른 함량을 나타냈는데 대봉감 품종은 불용성 식이섬유, 베타카로틴, 과당, 자당, 만니톨, 칼륨, 사과산, 호박산, 총 페놀화합물이 반시 품종에 비해 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타냈으며, 반대로 반시 품종은 수분 함량, 조단백질 함량, 비타민 C, 칼슘, 망간, 주석산, 총 플라보노이드 함량이 대봉감 품종에 비해 유의적으로 높은 함량을 보였다. 재배지역에 따라 많은 성분들이 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다. 다른 지역에 비해 비교적 높은 함량을 보이는 영양성분은 A지역은 베타카로틴, 솔비톨, 만니톨, 아연, 총 페놀화합물, B지역은 조지방 함량, 리코펜, 자당, 자일리톨, 사과산, C지역은 호박산, D지역은 수분 함량, 망간, 탄닌, E지역은 조단백질 함량, 나트륨, 망간, 칼슘, 주석산, 총 플라보노이드 함량이었다. 이상의 결과로 떫은감은 품종이나 재배지역에 따라 많은 영양성분의 유의적인 차이를 나타낸다는 것을 확인하였으며 이런 차이는 떫은감을 활용한 가공제품 생산 시 고려되어야 할 사항으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2016

백년초를 80% (v/v) 에탄올-물 혼합용액으로 추출하여 총페놀 함량, 총플라보노이드 함량, 산화방지능, 신경세포 보호효과, AChE 및 BChE 활성저해능을 평가하였다. 백년초 100 g FW당 총페놀 함량은 409.9 mg GAE, 총플라보노이드 함량은 72.2 mg CE이었다. 백년초(100 g FW)의 산화방지능은 ABTS, DPPH, ORAC법에서 각각 381.2, 298.2, 3,219.9 mg VCE였다. 백년초 추출물은 $H_2O_2$의 산화 스트레스로부터 세포 내 산화 스트레스를 감소시켜 신경세포 PC-12의 생존율을 농도의존적으로 증가시켰다. 또한, 백년초 추출물은 AChE 및 BChE 활성을 저해하였다. 본 연구 결과로부터 백년초의 세포 내 산화 스트레스 감소에 의한 신경 세포 보호능과 AChE 및 BChE 저해능이 확인 되었으며, 이러한 결과를 통해 향후 백년초를 이용한 기능성 제품 및 여러 가공품 개발에 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.95-113
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• 2021

본 연구는 2007~2015 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 고등학생(만 15~18세, 2,377명)의 가당음료 섭취 수준에 따른 식품군 및 영양소 섭취 실태를 파악하고자 실시하였다. 연도별 음료 섭취량의 변화 추이, 2007~2015 국민건강영양조사의 대상자를 통합하여 가당음료 섭취 수준에 따른 식품군 및 영양소 섭취량, 영양소 섭취 적정도 및 영양불량의 차이를 다중회귀분석이나 𝛘²-test로 검증하였다. 가공 과정에 당류를 넣는 탄산음료(콜라, 사이다, 기타 탄산음료 포함), 스포츠음료, 카페인음료(커피, 에너지 음료, 홍차, 코코아류)를 합하여 가당음료(sugar-sweetened beverage, SSB)로 분류하였다. 24시간 회상법으로 1일간 실시한 1일 가당음료 섭취량에 따라 대상자를 가당음료 1군(SSB 1, 가당음료 섭취량 0 g/d), 가당음료 2군(SSB 2, 0 g/d < 가당음료 섭취량 < 50 백분위수), 가당음료 3군(SSB 3, 가당음료 섭취량 ≥ 50 백분위수)으로 구분하였다. 연구 결과, 연도에 따라 1일 가당음료 섭취량은 남자(p<0.0001), 여자(p=0.0280) 모두 증가하는 추세이었으며, 2007년에 비해 2015년의 증가 정도는 남자 3.3배, 여자 2.1배로 남자가 여자보다 컸다. 음료 종류별로는 탄산음료 섭취량이 가장 많았으며 2007년에 비해 2015년에 남자 2.7배(p<0.0001), 여자 1.6배로 크게 증가하였다. 식품군별 1일 섭취량에서 채소류 섭취량은 남자와 여자 모두 가당음료 1군~가당음료 3군 중 가당음료 3군이 유의적으로 가장 적었으며(p<0.0001), 우유 및 그제품 섭취량은 남자(p<0.0001)에서는 가당음료 3군으로 갈수록 유의적으로 감소하였으나 여자에서는 가당음료 3군이 다른 군에 비해 적은 경향이었다. 1일 영양소 섭취량의 섭취기준에 대한 비율은 남녀의 가당음료 1군~가당음료 3군에서 식이섬유가 전체 영양소 중 가장 낮아 21.3±1.1~25.3±1.8% 밖에 되지 않았으며, 칼슘이 49.6±2.5~59.8±3.2%로 두번째로 낮았다. 에너지는 남녀 모두 가당음료 3군으로 갈수록 증가하였으며(p<0.0001), 비타민 C는 남자(p<0.0001), 여자(p=0.0382) 모두 가당음료 3군으로 갈수록 낮아졌다. 칼슘은 남자(p<0.0001), 여자(p=0.0008) 모두 가당음료 3군이 다른 군보다 낮았다. 에너지/지방과잉섭취자 비율은 남녀에서 모두 가당음료 3군으로 갈수록 증가하였으며(p=0.0002), 나트륨 목표섭취량 이상 섭취자 비율은 남자에서 가당음료 3군으로 갈수록 증가하였다(p=0.0429). 칼슘부족섭취자 비율은 남녀에서 가당음료 섭취 수준에 따른 차이가 없었으나 가당음료 1군~가당음료 3군에서 85% 이상으로 나타나 매우 높았다. 따라서 고등학생에서 가당음료 섭취가 높아질수록 식품군의 고른 섭취와 영양균형이 결여되는 경향이어서 식품 섭취 다양성 및 영양균형을 위해 가당음료 섭취를 줄이도록 관련 식생활교육과 사회적 지원을 강화하는 것이 필요하다고 하겠다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2019

Purpose: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are implicated in secondary osteoporosis, and the resulting fractures cause significant morbidity. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a vital role in bone metabolism. However, few trials have studied the impact of omega-3 PUFA-containing oils against GC-induced osteoporosis. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine whether supplementation with omega-3 PUFA-containing dietary oils such as fish oil, flaxseed oil or soybean oil can impede the development of GC-induced osteoporosis. Methods: The fatty acids (FAs) content of oils was determined using gas chromatography. Male rats were subdivided into 5 groups (8 rats each): normal control (balanced diet), prednisolone control (10 mg/kg prednisolone daily), soybean oil (prednisolone 10 mg/kg + soybean oil 7% w/w), flaxseed oil (prednisolone 10 mg/kg + flaxseed oil 7% w/w), and fish oil (from cod liver; prednisolone 10 mg/kg + fish oil 7% w/w). Results: The study data exhibited a significant depletion in bone mineral density (BMD) and femur mass in the prednisolone control compared to the normal control, accompanied with a marked decrease in the levels of plasma calcium and 1,25-$(OH)_2$-vitamin $D_3$, and elevated levels of C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Supplementation with fish oil, soybean oil or flaxseed oil helped to improve plasma calcium levels, and suppress oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Additionally, bone resorption was suppressed as reflected by the decreased CTX levels. However, fish oil was more effective than the other two oils with a significant improvement in BMD and normal histological results compared to the normal control. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that supplementation with dietary oils containing omega-3 PUFAs such as fish oil, soybean oil or flaxseed oil can play a role in the prevention of bone loss and in the regulation of bone metabolism, especially fish oil which demonstrated a greater level of protection against GC-induced osteoporosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.100-103
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• 2016

Patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) can rapidly develop profound anemia as the disease progresses, as a consequence of red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis and inadequate erythropoietin synthesis. Therefore, RBC transfusion should be considered in HUS patients with severe anemia to avoid cardiac or pulmonary complications. Most patients who are Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusion, even in the face of life-threatening medical conditions due to their religious convictions. These patients require management alternatives to blood transfusions. Erythropoietin is a glycopeptide that enhances endogenous erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. With the availability of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), several authors have reported its successful use in patients refusing blood transfusion. However, the optimal dose and duration of treatment with rHuEPO are not established. We report a case of a 2-year-old boy with diarrhea-associated HUS whose family members are Jehovah's Witnesses. He had severe anemia with acute kidney injury. His lowest hemoglobin level was 3.6 g/dL, but his parents refused treatment with packed RBC transfusion due to their religious beliefs. Therefore, we treated him with high-dose rHuEPO (300 IU/kg/day) as well as folic acid, vitamin B12, and intravenous iron. The hemoglobin level increased steadily to 7.4 g/dL after 10 days of treatment and his renal function improved without any complications. To our knowledge, this is the first case of successful rHuEPO treatment in a Jehovah's Witness child with severe anemia due to HUS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to explore the efficacy of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol acetate (AT), a commercial supplement containing tocopherols, in commercial broilers. Three hundred and thirty Ross broiler chicks (4-d old) were randomly distributed and allotted to five dietary treatments for six weeks. Each treatment comprised 3 pens as replicates containing 22 chicks per pen. The five dietary treatments were: 0 mg/kg AT (negative control); 10 mg/kg AT; 50 mg/kg AT; 100 mg/kg AT; and 200 mg/kg AT; respectively, supplied totally by the supplement under study. Supplementation of AT improved weight gain significantly (p<0.05), with higher values in the 100 and 200 mg/kg AT fed group than the control during all phases of study, but feed intake remained unaffected. The nutrient digestibility studies conducted after 15 and 35 days of experimental feeding showed significantly higher digestibility of CP, ether extract and gross energy, in these two groups over the control diet. Carcass traits like dressing percentage and the color of the breast meat did not differ significantly due to treatments, but significantly (p = 0.0152) lower abdominal fat percent was noted in the 200 mg/kg fed group. Higher (p = 0.0003) tibia bone strength was noticed in groups fed diets above 50 mg/kg AT because of higher bone mineral content. The serum levels of tocopherols were not influenced but the muscle tocopherols content showed a positive linear trend with the dietary levels supplemented. The thio-barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in meat also suggested that supplemental AT has a protective role in rancidity. Overall, it could be concluded that AT supplementation at higher levels was found beneficial for growth and increased chicken meat quality.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.481-486
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• 2018

Cosmetics are primarily applied to the skin; therefore, the association of cosmetic dyes with skin diseases or inflammation is a topic of great interest. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin 7-like cytokine that activates dendritic cells to promote Th2 inflammatory immune responses. TSLP is highly expressed in keratinocytes under inflammatory conditions, which suggests that it may play a critical role in the development of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis. Therefore, we investigated whether cosmetic dyes influenced the production of TSLP by keratinocytes. Phloxine O, also known as D&C Red No.27, is one of the most common red synthetic pigments and is widely used in colored cosmetics. Our results showed that Phloxine O downregulated phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced production of TSLP in a murine keratinocyte cell line (PAM212). Phloxine O also suppressed TSLP expression in KCMH-1 cells, which are mouse keratinocytes that constitutively produce high levels of TSLP. To investigate the in vivo effects of Phloxine O, we induced TSLP expression in mouse ear skin by topically applying MC903, a vitamin D3 analogue that is a well-known inducer of atopic dermatitis-like symptoms. Topical application of Phloxine O prevented MC903-induced TSLP production in mouse ear skin, attenuated the acute dermatitis-like symptoms and decreased serum IgE and histamine levels in mice. Suppression of TSLP expression by Phloxine O correlated with reduced expression of OX40 ligand and Th2 cytokines in mouse ear skin. Our results showed that Phloxine O may be beneficial to prevent dermatitis by suppressing the expression of TSLP and Th2 cytokines in skin.