• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2008

In this paper, we developed a visual-auditory cue software for reading training of motor speech disorder patients. Motor speech disorder patients can use the visual and/or auditory cues for reading training and improving their symptom. The software provides some sentences with visual-auditory cues. Our sentences used for reading training are adequately comprised on modulation training according to a professional advice in speech therapy field. To ameliorate reading skills we developed two algorithms, first one is automatically searching the starting time of speech spoken by patients and the other one is removing auditory-cue from the recorded speech that recorded at the same time. The searching of speech starting time was experimented by 10 sentences per 6 subjects in four kinds of noisy environments thus the results is that $7.042{\pm}8.99[ms]$ error was detected. The experiment of the cancellation algorithm of auditory-cue was executed from 6 subjects with 1 syllable speech. The result takes improved the speech recognition rate $25{\pm}9.547[%]$ between before and after cancellation of auditory-cue in speech. User satisfaction index of the developed program was estimated as good.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the effects of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory cues on simple Serial Task Performance in heaithy adults. METHODS: Sixty-three right-handed heaithy adults without history of neurological dysfunction were participated. A modified version of the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) using five blocks of perceptual motor sequences was administered. The blocked paradigm consisted of the five blocks with randomly repeated 8 digit sequences with 5 repetition. Three types of sensory cue were employed: visual cue, auditory cue and visuoauditory cue. All subjects were assigned to press the matched botton as quickly and accurately as possible, when one of 8 stimulations was presented(one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight). The reaction time, accuracy, and P300 latency were measured during serial task performance. The mean reaction time(ms), accuracy(%), and P300 latency(ms) were compared between three types of cue using ANOVA. RESULTS: The reaction time to auditory cue was significantly longer than visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.001). And accuracy to auditory cue was significantly lower than visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.001). All P300 latency(at Fz, Cz, Pz) were significantly longer than to visual and visuoauditory cues(p<.05). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that type of cues influence in choice reaction. These data may helpful in designing not only effective motor learning training programs for healthy persons but also reeducation programs for patients with neurological dysfunction.

• 감성과학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.73-88
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• 2018

본 연구는 손과 가까운 시각 정보의 처리적 특성이 과제전환에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다. 최근 연구들은 손과 가깝게 제시된 정보에 대한 인지통제가 향상됨을 보고하고 있다. 이러한 인지통제 향상효과를 손 근접성과 주의의 관계를 통해 규명하고자 두 번의 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 과제전환 수행에서 단서와 목표자극의 감각양상에 따라 손 근접성의 효과가 달라짐을 관찰할 수 있었다. 첫 번째 실험에서 손에 근접한 자극에 대한 전환비용의 감소가 관찰되었다. 선행 연구들에서 전환비용의 감소원인으로 지목되었던 특징결합 문제를 제외시켰을 경우에도 동일한 결과가 관찰되었다. 즉, 손 근접성이 전환비용을 감소시켰음을 검증할 수 있었다. 두 번째 실험에서는 손 근접성과 감각양상의 상호작용이 전환비용에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다. 과제전환에서 목표자극은 시각으로 단서는 시각 또는 청각으로 제시하였고, 단서의 준비성 효과를 관찰하기 위해 단서-목표자극 간격을 조변하였다. 연구 결과 손에 근접한 시각 단서는 과제 준비 시간을 단축시켜 전환비용을 감소시켰으나, 청각 단서의 경우 손에 근접할 때 오히려 과제 준비 시간이 더 오래 걸렸다. 시각 단서의 결과는 손에 근접한 시각 정보에 대한 신속한 주의정향으로 인한 이득으로 설명될 수 있다. 반면에 청각 단서에서 나타난 손실은 청각 단서와 시각 자극 간의 감각 간 전환이 손 근접성의 주의 범위 고정 효과로 인해 방해된 결과로 해석될 수 있다. 마지막으로 손 근접성의 주의효과로 인해 달라지는 전환비용에 대해 논의하였다.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 개발된 잡음제거 기능을 갖춘 시-청각 단서 제공 읽기 훈련 프로그램(이하 프로그램)을 소개한다. 프로그램은 시-청각 단서들을 지닌 훈련용 문장들을 제공한다. 말운동장애인들은 읽기훈련을 위해서 시각단서와 청각단서들을 각각 또는 동시에 사용 가능하다. 훈련 결과의 평가 편의성 제공을 위해서 잡음제거 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 알고리즘은 피험자가 컴퓨터화면에 제공된 문장을 읽을 때 읽는 말소리와 함께 녹음된 잡음과 청각단서 소리를 제거한다. 또한 피험자가 읽기 연습을 시작할 때 최초의 말소리 개시시간을 검출하는 기능을 구현하였다. 말소리의 녹음은 4가지 잡음환경(실내 잡음, 백색 잡음, 자동차 내부잡음, 배블 잡음)에서 성인 6명(남성 3 명, 여성 3명)으로부터 하였다. 잡음제거 전과 후에 대한 조건에서 녹음된 말소리의 실제 시작 시간과 프로그램상에서 찾은 시간과의 오차를 실험하였다. 잡음제거 전과 후에서의 시간오차가 $4.847{\pm}2.4235[ms]$ 향상되었다. 개발된 프로그램은 말운동장애인의 훈련 및 증상 평가에 도움이 될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether types of sensory-stimuli cues in terms of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory cues can be affected to motor sequential learning in healthy adults, using serial reaction time task. Methods: Twenty four healthy subjects participated in this study, who were randomly allocated into three groups, in terms of visual-stimuli (VS) group, auditory-stimuli (AS) group, and visuoauditory-stimuli (VAS) group. In SRT task, eight Arabic numbers were adopted as presentational stimulus, which were composed of three different types of presentational modules, in terms of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory stimuli. On an experiment, all subjects performed total 3 sessions relevant to each stimulus module with a pause of 10 minutes for training and pre-/post-tests. At the pre- and post-tests, reaction time and accuracy were calculated. Results: In reaction time, significant differences were founded in terms of between-subjects, within-subjects, and interaction effect for group ${\times}$ repeated factor. In accuracy, no significant differences were observed in between-group and interaction effect for groups ${\times}$ repeated factor. However, a significant main effect of within-subjects was observed. In addition, a significant difference was showed in comparison of differences of changes between the pre- and post-test only in the reaction time among three groups. Conclusion: This study suggest that short-term sequential motor training on one day induced behavioral modification, such as speed and accuracy of motor response. In addition, we found that motor training using visual-stimuli cue showed better effect of motor skill acquisition, compared to auditory and visuoauditory-stimuli cues.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2004

A comprehensive psychophysical scaling system, multiple-modality magnitude estimation system (MMES) has been designed to measure subjective multidimensional human perception. Unlike paper-based magnitude estimation systems, the MMES has an additional auditory peripheral cue that varies with corresponding visual magnitude. As the simplest, purely psychological case, bimodal divided-attention conditions were simulated to establish the superiority of the MMES. Subjects were given brief presentations of pairs of simultaneous stimuli consisting of visual line-lengths and auditory white-noise levels. In the visual or auditory focused-attention conditions, only the line-lengths or the noise levels perceived should be reported respectively. On the other hand, in the divided-attention conditions, both the line-lengths and the noise levels should be reported. There were no significant differences among the different attention conditions. Human performance was better when the proportion of magnitude in stimulus pairs were identically presented. The additional auditory cues in the MMES improved the correlations between the magnitude of stimuli and MMES values in the divided-attention conditions.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2012

This study investigated whether native Korean listeners could use visual cues for the identification of the English consonants /b/ and /v/. Both auditory and audiovisual tokens of word minimal pairs in which the target phonemes were located in word-initial or word-medial position were used. Participants were instructed to decide which consonant they heard in $2{\times}2$ conditions: cue (audio-only, audiovisual) and location (word-initial, word-medial). Mean identification scores were significantly higher for audiovisual than audio-only condition and for word-initial than word-medial condition. Also, according to signal detection theory, sensitivity, d', and response bias, c were calculated based on both hit rates and false alarm rates. The measures showed that the higher identification rate in the audiovisual condition was related with an increase in sensitivity. There were no significant differences in response bias measures across conditions. This result suggests that native Korean speakers can use visual cues while identifying confusing non-native phonemic contrasts. Visual cues can enhance non-native speech perception.

• 인지과학
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.481-506
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 단서와 표적의 표상된 위치의 일치성이 주의기제의 작용에 중요한 역할을 하는지 회귀억제 연구방법을 이용하여 규명하는 것이었다. 실험 1에서는 청각단서와 시각표적을, 실험 2에서는 시각단서와 청각표적을 사용하였고, 단서와 표적이 제시되는 표상된 위치와 물리적 위치의 일치성에 따라 일치조건과 불일치조건으로 구분하였다. 실험결과, 실험 1에서 표상된 위치의 일치성에 따라 일치조건과 불일치조건을 구분하였을 경우 일치조건에서 반응촉진이 관찰되었다. 하지만 물리적 위치의 일치성에 따른 일치/불일치조건에서는 반응시간 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 실험 2에서도 표상된 위치의 일치성에 따라 일치조건과 불일치조건을 구분하였을 경우 일치조건에서 반응촉진이 관찰되었으나 매우 제한적이었다. 이러한 실험결과는 단서와 표적의 표상된 위치의 일치성이 주의기제의 역할 중 반응촉진에 중요한 역할을 하며, 주의 연구에서 물리적 위치와 표상된 위치를 구분해야할 필요성을 시사한다.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2015

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 파킨슨병으로 인하여 발생하는 handwriting에서의 문제에 대한 효과적인 운동학습 전략을 제시하기 위함이다. 방법 : 이를 위하여 파킨슨병 환자에게 발생하는 handwriting에서의 문제점인 소자증(Micrographia)을 치료한 국내 외 문헌들을 고찰하였다. 결과 : 소자증을 개선하기 위해 파킨슨병 환자에 적용하는 운동학습 방법 중 외적단서와 되먹임 전략을 주로 적용한다. 이는 기저핵 손상으로 인한 내적 동기체계의 문제와 운동 개시의 어려움을 개선하기 위함이다. 외적단서는 시각적 청각적 언어적 단서 등을 이용하였고, 되먹임은 주로 시각적 자극을 이용하였다. 외적단서와 시각적 되먹임을 제시하는 동안 소자증을 가진 환자의 글자의 크기를 확대시키는 효과가 있었고, 일부 연구에서는 단서 제거 후 짧은 기간 동안 쓰기과제 수행이 유지되는 결과를 보고하였다. 결론 : 앞으로 운동학습의 효과가 장기간 유지되는 전략을 도출하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2018

Purpose - It has already been proved that 'mood' as the physical environment of shopping affects consumers' main sensory channels such as sight, hearing, smell, touch. However, there is no consensus on how the olfactory cue influences the customers in the shopping environment. In this study, we examine the previous studies on how the olfactory cue affects the customers in the shopping environment and present a clear direction as a suggestion for progressive research. Research design, data, and methodology - It is not important to use a lot of unconditional fragrance, but it should be exposed to the environment that suits the proper fragrance. In recent years, meaningful research on store fragrance has been slowly increasing. As a result, studies on the fragrance effects of retail stores have been conducted to verify the relevance of fragrance suitability in stores and consumer spending scale. Results - The fragrance appropriate for each store can not be uniformly specified as any fragrance. This is because external variables such as time, season, temperature, lighting, density of shoppers, and music in the store also affect customer evaluation. For example, using an unsuitable fragrance may encourage customers to leave the store quickly by restraining impulsive purchases or by disturbing concentration. The store manager should also be interested in using fragrances that are proven and effective in the store environment, but they should also have the ability to easily manipulate and manage the fragrances very appropriately according to changes in the store environment. Store managers should observe consumer preferences and responses according to their goals and strategies, and then systematically manage and store information about the fragrance appropriate to the store. Conclusions - In the future, the fragrance marketing researcher needs to consider the spatial form and density of the customer. In practice, managers operating a retail store should check the most appropriate store density(congestion) according to the size and spatial characteristics of the store and maintain the ideal conditions. To do this, it is necessary to pay attention to how to select and control sensory elements such as fragrance(olfactory), music(auditory), and lighting(visual).