• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2012

Although low spatial resolution satellite images like MODIS and GOCI can be important to observe land surface, it is often difficult to visually interpret the imagery because of the low contrast by prevailing cloud covers. We proposed a simple and adaptive stretching algorithm to enhance image contrast over land areas in cloudy images. The proposed method is basically a linear algorithm that stretches only non-cloud pixels. The adaptive linear stretch method uses two values: the low limit (L) from image statistics and upper limit (U) from low boundary value of cloud pixels. The cloud pixel value was automatically determined by pre-developed empirical function for each spectral band. We used MODIS and GOCI images having various types of cloud distributions and coverage. The adaptive contrast stretching method was evaluated by both visual interpretation and statistical distribution of displayed brightness values.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.600-618
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• 2014

The metadata for urban meteorological observation is standardized through comparison with those established at the World Meteorological Organization and the Korea Meteorological Administration to understand the surrounding environment around the sites exactly and maintain the networks and sites efficiently. It categorizes into metadata for an observational network and observational sites. The latter is again divided into the metadata for station general information, local scale information, micro scale information, and visual information in order to explain urban environment in detail. The metadata also contains the static information such as urban structure, surface cover, metabolism, communication, building density, roof type, moisture/heat sources, and traffic as well as the update information on the environment change, maintenance, replacement, and/or calibration of sensors. The standardized metadata for urban meteorological observation is applied to the Weather Information Service Engine (WISE) integrated meteorological sensor network and sites installed at Incheon area. It will be very useful for site manager as well as researchers in fields of urban meteorology, radiation, surface energy balance, anthropogenic heat, turbulence, heat storage, and boundary layer processes.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 배경 차분에 의해 객체를 검출하고 확률적으로 표본화된 입자 필터링(particle filtering)기법을 사용한 다중객체 추적 기법을 제안한다. 확률적으로 표본화된 입자들을 사용하여 다중 객체에 독립적으로 적용할 때 발생하는 계산 복잡도(computational complexity)를 감소시키는 동시에 안정적인 추적을 가능하게 하였다. 객체의 색상정보를 사용한 히스토그램 분포에 의한 관측 모델(observation model)을 구성하고 객체의 움직임 정보를 위해 동적 모델을 공식화하여 영상을 해석하였다. 전체적인 추적 시스템은 베이시언 최대 우도 기법(Bayesian maximum likelihood method)을 근간으로 하되, 입자 필터링을 객체 추적에 적용하여 실용적인 현실 객체 추적 상황에도 강건하게 대처할 수 있음을 실험을 통해서 증명하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2014

A camera module that gathers visual information via aerial observation reconnaissance is equipped inside a gimbal structure. This gimbal structure system must reduce dynamic responses in order to obtain clear images under all circumstances. Among many design specifications for this system, there is MIL-STD-810G as a shock standard. This specification indicates a limitation of the acceleration of the camera module under a base shock excitation on the gimbal structure. The satisfaction of this condition can usually be proved by experiment, because it includes bearings and dynamic isolators made of rubber. Numerical analysis must be proposed for design improvement of the gimbal structure. To achieve this goal, transient response analysis for the base shock excitation was performed using the finite element method. Experimental results were compared with numerical solutions and it is shown that the present method is useful.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.112-123
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• 1997

This study investigated the effect of high-rise buildings on the preference for rural landscapes. The study site was a Seoul suburban, Yong-in, which showed typical scenes of rural development. Slides used in the study were taken in Young-in along the national road 45(north-south) and national road 42(east-west). Forty slides reflecting typical characters of Young-in were selected. Among them, ten slides which were selected through factor analysis based on “ruralits”score were used as original slides. They represent ten landscape types. The simulation of original slides was based on the following aspects: a observation distance. number of buildings and landscape types. The preferences for the landscapes were tested by 200 respondents on 40 slides: Distance(2) ${\times}$ Landscape type(10) = 20 slides, Number of buildings(2) ${\times}$ Landscape type(10) = 20 slides. The following results are found: 1) When high-rise buildings are introduced into rural scenes, there are some vulnerable landscape types: the landscape with high “rurality”, the landscape with background skyline and the focal landscape. 2) The observation distance affects landscape preference. The hypothesis that the nearer the distance the lower the preferences, is accepted. However, there are some exceptions in 3 landscape types. 3) The hypothesis that the more the number of buildings, the lower the preferences, is rejected. The result is quite unexpected one. When a single building is introduced in natural scene, it draws more attention as a focal point than a group of buildings, and subsequently the visual impact is stronger.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2007

콩의 생식생장기에 노린재류의 밀도조사법을 개발하고자 하였다. 타락법, 포충망법 및 달관법으로 콩의 개화기(R2), 결협기(R4) 및 성숙기(R7)에 발생하는 톱다리개미허리노린재, 가로줄노린재, 풀색노린재, 알락수염노린재 및 썩덩나무노린재의 성충과 약충의 밀도를 조사한 결과 노린재류의 총 조사량은 타락법에서 5,214.2마리로 가장 많았으며, 다음은 달관법에서 2,581.8마리 였으며, 포충망법에서 103.1마리로 가장 적었다. 타락법과 달관법에 의한 노린재류의 총 조사량은 가로줄노린재 > 풀색노린재 > 썩덩나무노린재 > 톱다리개미허리노린재 > 알락수염노린재의 순서로 많았고, 발생량의 차이도 분명하였으나, 포충망법에 의한 노린재류의 총 조사량은 18-23마리로 발생량의 차이가 분명하지 않았다. 따라서 타락법에 의한 주요 노린재류의 조사밀도는 톱다리개미허리노린재 성충을 제외하곤 대체로 높았다. 하지만 타락법보다 불출법으로 콩의 개화시부터 성숙까지 톱다리개미허리노린재의 성충을 더 많이 조사할 수 있었고, 일중 조사량은 오후시간대보다 오전시간대에 많았다. 그러므로 콩포장에서 노린재류의 밀도조사법으로 톱다리개미허리노린재는 불출법으로, 가로줄노린재, 풀색노린재, 알락수염노린재 및 썩덩나무노린재는 타락법이 추천되었다. 이러한 2가지 조사법의 적용은 노린재류의 종간 행동적 특성 차이 때문이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1717-1725
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to compare visual observation and an electronic grazing time method and to evaluate the effects of nutritional plans on intake, grazing behavior and horizontal and vertical locomotion of young bulls in a tropical pasture. Thirty-nine Nellore young bulls with an average body weight of $345{\pm}9.3$ kg kept in pasture were used. The experimental treatments consisted of: restricted: animals kept in a plot with a low mass of forage receiving mineral mixture only; control: animals receiving mineral mixture only; HPHC: a high protein and high carbohydrate supplement; HPLC: a high protein and low carbohydrate supplement; LPHC: a low protein and high carbohydrate supplement; LPLC: a low protein and low carbohydrate supplement. GPS collars equipped with activity sensors were used. Information about head position, latitude, longitude and altitude were recorded. Daytime grazing behavioral patterns monitored by a continuous focal animal recording method was compared to behavior estimated by the activity sensor. Feed intake was estimated by a marker method. The Restricted group presented lower (p<0.05) intake of dry matter and TDN. However, difference in dry matter intake was not found (p>0.05) between non-supplemented and supplemented animals. Difference was not found (p>0.05) in daytime grazing time obtained by visual observation or the activity sensor method. The restricted group showed longer (p<0.05) grazing time (9.58 h/d) than other groups, but difference was not found (p>0.05) in the grazing time between Control (8.35 h/d) and supplemented animals (8.03 h/d). The Restricted group presented lower (p<0.05) horizontal locomotion distance (2,168 m/d) in comparison to other groups (2,580.6 m/d). It can be concluded that the use of activity sensor methods can be recommended due to their being similar to visual observation and able to record 24-h/d. While supplements with high carbohydrates reduce pasture intake, they do not change grazing behavior. Moderate supplementation (until 50% of protein requirement and 30% of energy requirement) of beef cattle on tropical pasture has no effect on daily locomotion.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 1999

Medimin A는 경피 흡수성과 안정성을 높이기 위해 retinoic acid와 polyethylene glycol(PEG)를 결합시켜 개발한 비타민 A 유도체이다. Medimin A의 주름 완화 효과를 확인하기 위하여 콜라겐 합성능 및 임상 평가를 실시하였다. Invitro 콜라겐 합성능은 섬유아세포를 배양하여 생산되는 단백질 중에서, collagenase에만 특이적으로 분해되는 단백질에 함유된 [$^3$H]-proline의 양을 측정하여 평가하였으며, 임상 평가는 피부주형(replica)의 영상분석, 주름의 육안적 관찰, 피시험자의 자가 판단에 의하여 평가하였다. Medimin A를 섬유아세포에 처리한 결과 104% 농도에서 약 40%의 콜라겐 합성 증진을 보였다. Medimin A가 0.2%함유된 O/W 에멀젼을 10주간 피시험자에 도포한 결과, 피부 주형에서 가장 깊은 주름이 약 38.4% 가 감소되었으며, 육안적 관찰에 의한 눈가 주름은 25.5% - 44.1%가 감소되었다. 또한 피시험자의 자가 진단에 의하면 전체 피시험자 중 93%가 10주간 도포 후 주름이 호전되었다고 응답하였다. 이상과 같은 결과에서, Medimin A는 객관적 평가법(in vitro 콜라겐 합성능, 피부 주형의 영상분석) 및 주관적 평가법(육안적 관찰, 피시험자의 자가 진단)에서 모두 유의하게 주름을 완하시키는 물질임이 확인되었다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to effect of action observation with deep neck flexors strengthening exercise on pain and function in patients with chronic neck pain. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic neck pain were randomly action observation with deep neck flexors strengthening exercise group (AOT group; n=15) and deep neck flexors strengthening exercise group (FSE group; n=15). The intervention was applied for 50 minutes a day, 5 times a week for a total of 4 weeks. The intervention effect were evaluated before and after the intervention. visual analogue scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and Korea neck disability index (KNDI). Results: As a result of comparing within group, AOT group showed pre and post test, VAS (p<.01), PPT (p<.01), KNDI (p<.01) and FSE group VAS (p<.01), PPT (p<.05), KNDI (p<.01) significantly. In the comparison between the two groups, AOT group than FSE group in VAS, PPT and KNDI significantly (p<.05). Conclusion: Action observation with deep neck flexors strengthening exercise were founded to effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with chronic neck pain. It is suggested as basic data of clinical intervention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7761-7762
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• 2013

Alternative strategies such as visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid, are real time, economical and easily implemented methods for cervical cancer screening. However, variable sensitivity and specificity have been observed in various community based studies. The possible reasons could include variation in man power training, light source used for visualization, and preparation of diluted (4-5%) acetic acid and its storage. A standardized protocol for training, teaching material (easy to understand in the local language) for trainees, supervision and reinforcement by intermittent and supplementary training to check the quality of their observation, a standard protocol for preparation dilute acetic acid and its storage and a standard good light source (equivalent to day light) are needed to minimize the variation in sensitivity and specificity of VIA in community settings.