• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

게임플레이어는 게임레벨의 목표에 따라 구성된 플레이공간에서 레벨디자이너가 설정한 게임플레이를 경험한다. 플레이어의 경험적 행동들은 게임레벨 공간구조와 구조물 배치에 영향을 받는다. 따라서 게임레벨디자인 초기단계에서 게임레벨의 공간구조를 파악하고 분석하는 것은 중요한 과정이다. 본 논문은 공간이론을 바탕으로 FPS게임레벨의 공간구조 및 구성요소를 파악하였다. 3종의 FPS게임에서 게임레벨 204개를 대상으로 관찰실험을 진행하고 게임레벨 목표에 따른 공간 구성요소 분포의 차이를 확인하였다. 분석결과, 게임레벨의 목표에 따라 플레이공간에서의 경험적 행동은 뚜렷한 차이를 보이며 이것을 유도하는 공간구조는 차별성을 가진다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2018

The spatial planning of the elderly care facility plans is analyzed using space syntax in terms of encouraging the social interaction of the residents in this study. First, through the visibility graph analysis, openness and accessibility of space is analysed. Second, the walking behavior of residents through agent analysis model is simulated. Third, the space planning methods for the elderly care facilities are proposed based on the results. The results are as follows. According to the visibility graph analysis, the main corridor has high visual openness and high accessibility. The visual openness and accessibility of the unit living room, where social interaction among residents is possible in each unit, is low. Space planning is needed to increase direct protection and observation of employees to the unit living room. The location of the nurse station that manages the entire floor needs to be located where the openness and accessibility is most high. The nursing station should have a high degree of connectivity to the entire space, so that any accidents can be managed and contact is accessible. Through the agent simulation the flow from the center to each unit space is highest in the corridor space and the inflow to the private rooms and the living room are similar. Therefore, it is necessary to plan the accessibility of the unit living room more for the natural inflow of residents.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.2933-2942
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 이산 프레넬릿 변환(Fresnelet transform, FRNLT)을 이용하여 2차원 자연 영상의 중요 성분을 추적하고 암호화하는 방법을 제안한다. FRNLT을 통해서 얻어진 부대역의 특성을 분석하여 영상을 암호화하기 위한 정보를 추출한다. FRNLT 레벨, 부대역의 에너지, 그리고 시각적인 효과를 고려하여 암호화를 위한 최적화된 지점을 도축한다. 다양한 레벨과 암호화 영역을 선택함으로써 다양한 강도로 암호화가 가능하다. 암호화 효과는 정량적인 PSNR 결과, 암호화를 위한 CPU 시간, 암호화 영역의 크기, 그리고 시각적인 영향 등의 항으로 분석하여 경향성을 제시한다. 따라서 별도의 분석과정 없이 본 논문에서 제시된 파라미터를 이용하여 응용분야에 따라서 효율적으로 암호화를 수행할 수 있다. 실험결과를 살펴보면 $L_{TH}=4$이고 $E_{TH}=60$인 경우에 전체 데이터 중에서 0.42%만을 암호화하여도 원래의 영향을 분간할 수 없을 만큼 암호화 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1193-1201
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of patients who complained of heartburn and to report the effects of Sogunjung-tang granules on heartburn. Methods: Observation was carried out on 30 patients with heartburn who were treated in Dongshin University Oriental Medicine Hospital from 1 October 2018 to 3 July 2019. For relieving heartburn, an oriental medical therapy of Sogunjung-tang granules was administered. To evaluate the effect of treatment, the visual analog scale (VAS) was used. Results: Females predominated among the patients (86.7% of the total). The patients were mostly aged in their 50s and the average age was 56.8 years. In the medical histories of the patients, other diseases (neuropsychiatric disease, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, urologic disease, uterine disease etc.) were the most common (34.7%) and gastrointestinal disease was the second most common (22.4%). The patients took Sosiho-tang granules plus Sogunjung-tang granules for a maximum of 282 days. The number of patients who took medication within 10 days of experiencing heartburn was the highest and the number of patients who took medication more than 30 days of experiencing heartburn was the lowest. The scores on the visual analog scale (VAS) were significantly improved after treatment, the average decreasing from 7.0 to 3.1. Before taking the granules, the average rate of improvement for patients who recorded less than VAS 6 was 80%. Six out of seven inpatients showed more than two VAS changes on 3.8 day of taking medicine, and 23 outpatients showed more than two VAS changes on the second visit. Conclusions: This study suggests that Sogunjung-tang granules is probably effective in the treatment of heartburn.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2014

The method of direct mass spectrometry profiling is reliable and reproducible for the rapid identification of clinical isolates of bacteria and fungi. This is the first study evaluating the approach of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry profiling for rapid identification of carbapenemase-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Proof of concept was achieved by the discrimination of CRE using MALDI Biotyper MS based on the protein. This profiling appears promising by the visual observation of consistent unique peaks, albeit low intensity, that could be picked up from the mean spectra (MSP) method. The Biotyper MSP creation and identification methods needed to be optimized to provide significantly improved differences in scores to allow for subspecies identification with and without carbapenemases. These spectra were subjected to visual peak picking and in all cases; there were pertinent differences in the presence or absence of potential biomarker peaks to differentiate isolates. We also evaluated this method for potential discrimination between different carbapenemases bacteria, utilizing the same strategy. Based on our data and pending further investigation in other CREs, MALDI-TOF MS has potential as a diagnostic tool for the rapid identification of even closely related carbapenemases but would require a paradigm shift in which Biotyper suppliers enable more flexible software control of mass spectral profiling methods.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2019

눈이 내리는 영상에서 눈송이들에 의하여 영상의 질이 저하되고 영상 내에 존재하는 객체들을 명확히 탐지하기 위해서는 눈송이를 제거해야할 필요성이 있다. 이 연구에서는 지각 Generative Adversarial Network에 기반하여 단일 영상으로부터 눈송이를 제거하는 방법을 제시한다. 잔류 U-Net을 눈송이가 제거된 영상을 생성하는 생성기로 설계하였다. 다양한 크기의 눈송이를 처리하기 위하여 다양한 필터 커널의 인셉션 모듈을 설계하고 입력한 눈이 내리는 영상의 다양한 해상도 특징을 추출하기 위하여 적용되었다. 눈송이 제거 영상의 품질을 높이기 위해서 대립손실을 제외하고는, 지각적 손실과 총 변동 손실 함수를 적용하여 제설 이미지와의 유사도를 찾아갈 수 있도록 하였다. 합성 강설 이미지와 실제 강설 이미지를 대상으로 제안 네크워크의 제설 기능을 실험하였다. 실험 결과 제안 알고리즘은 합성 이미지와 강설 이미지 모든 분야에서 육안으로 관찰해본 결과 화질이 우수함을 보여주었고, 객관적 평가를 위하여 신호강도를 나타내는 PSNR과 구조변화를 측정하는 SSIM 인덱스를 비교하였으며, 제안 알고리즘이 지수 상으로도 가장 우수한 성능을 보여주었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1761-1777
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• 2021

An image with infrared features and visible details is obtained by processing infrared and visible images. In this paper, a fusion method based on Laplacian pyramid and generative adversarial network is proposed to obtain high quality fusion images, termed as Laplacian-GAN. Firstly, the base and detail layers are obtained by decomposing the source images. Secondly, we utilize the Laplacian pyramid-based method to fuse these base layers to obtain more information of the base layer. Thirdly, the detail part is fused by a generative adversarial network. In addition, generative adversarial network avoids the manual design complicated fusion rules. Finally, the fused base layer and fused detail layer are reconstructed to obtain the fused image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain state-of-the-art fusion performance in both visual quality and objective assessment. In terms of visual observation, the fusion image obtained by Laplacian-GAN algorithm in this paper is clearer in detail. At the same time, in the six metrics of MI, AG, EI, MS_SSIM, Q_abf and SCD, the algorithm presented in this paper has improved by 0.62%, 7.10%, 14.53%, 12.18%, 34.33% and 12.23%, respectively, compared with the best of the other three algorithms.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2021

청각정보는 시각에 비해 방향에 제한을 받지 않으므로 자동차 내에서 긴급한 알림이나 경고의 목적으로 활용된다. 그러나 청각장애 운전자는 청각정보를 인지할 수 없으므로 이를 대체하기 위해 다양한 시각화 방법이 시도되고 있다. 청각정보를 시각화할 때는 시각에 집중되는 인지과부하를 방지하기 위해 중요한 정보만을 선별해서 제공하여야 하며, 이를 위해서는 자동차 내 청각정보의 유형 분석이 우선되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 청각장애 운전자의 운전상황 관찰을 통해 자동차 내에서 경험하는 청각정보를 수집하였다. 수집된 33가지의 청각정보는 전문가 그룹에 의한 개방적 카드소팅을 통해 12개의 그룹으로 분류되었으며, 그룹 간 상대적 중요도 비교를 통해 4개의 계층으로 분석하였다. 제시된 자동차 내 청각정보 유형은 청각정보를 시각 또는 촉각으로 변환하여 표시할 때 중요한 정보를 선별하기 위한 가이드 라인으로서 활용이 가능하다. 본 연구는 청각장애 운전자를 대상으로 일상에서의 실제 운전상황 관찰에 의한 사용자 경험 분석이 이루어졌다는 데 의의가 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2022

Background: Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) has been widely used in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. Epidural injection of steroids can reduce the incidence and duration of postoperative pain in a short period of time. Although steroids are widely believed to reduce the effect of surgical trauma, the observation indicators are not uniform, especially the long-term effects, so the problem remains controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to evaluate the efficacy of epidural steroids following PTED. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database from 1980 to June 2021 to identify randomized and non-randomized controlled trials comparing epidural steroids and saline alone following PTED. The primary outcomes included postoperative pain at least 6 months as assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay and the time of return to work. Results: A total of 451 patients were included in three randomized and two non-randomized controlled trials. The primary outcomes, including VAS and ODI scores, did not differ significantly between epidural steroids following PTED and saline alone. There were no significant intergroup differences in length of hospital stay. Epidural steroids were shown to be superior in terms of the time to return to work (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Intraoperative epidural steroids did not provide significant benefits, leg pain control, improvement in ODI scores, and length of stay in the hospital, but it can enable the patient to return to work faster.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.364-371
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• 2022

Background: Respiratory masks can provide healthcare workers with protection from biological hazards when they have good performance. There is a direct relationship between the visual specifications of a mask and its efficacy; thus, the aim of this study was to develop tools for qualitative assessment of the performance of masks used by healthcare workers. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used to develop a qualitative assessment tool for medical face masks (MFM) and particle filtering half masks (PFHM). The development of domains and items was undertaken using observation and interviews, the opinions of an expert panel, and a review of texts and international standards. The second phase evaluated the psychometric properties of tools. Finally, the validated Mask Qualitative Assessment Tools (MQAT) were used to assess six samples from 10 brands of the two types of masks. Results: MQAT-MFM and MQAT-PHFM shared 42 items across seven domains: "cleanliness," "design," "marking, labeling and packaging," "mask layers," "mask strap," "materials and construction," and "nose clip." MQAT-MFM included one additional item. MQAT-PHFM included another nine items associated with an eighth "Practical Performance" domain, and the valve version had another additional "Exhalation Valve" domain and six items. The evaluation indicated 80% compliance for MFM and 71% compliance for PFHM. "Marking, labeling and packaging" and "Layers" were associated with the least compliance in both types of masks and should be checked carefully for defining mask quality. Conclusion: MQAT can be used for immediate screening and initial assessment of MFM and PHFM through appearance, simple tools, and visual inspection.