• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2022

IThe perception of sub-second duration through the visual sensory system is affected by non-temporal characteristics (factors other than the duration of the stimulus). However, studies have shown that if distance information is abundant and size constancy maintained, the duration of the target is constantly perceived. The current study examined the relationship between size and time perception constancy in a three-dimensional environment with limited distance information. A device was constructed to limit the participants' bilateral and monocular cues. This prevented participants from maintaining size constancy, resulting in size illusions that could not accurately perceive physical size. In Experiment 1, the size of the physical stimulus of reference and test stimuli were the same at all viewing distances. The results suggest that, despite the same physical size, stimuli with close observations were perceived to be greater and lasted longer. In Experiment 2, the retinal size of the reference stimuli and test stimuli was controlled equally at all viewing distances. As a result, although the physical size of the stimuli increased as the observation increased, the perceived size of all the stimuli was the same. Therefore, the duration of the target was constantly perceived at all viewing distances. The results of this study demonstrate that even when distance information is limited, time perception is affected by the perceived size of the object. It also suggests that when rich distance information exists, the duration of the object can be constantly perceived even if the observation distance varies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.42
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• pp.97-116
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• 2020

In this paper, the need for lifelong education and distance education is increasing due to the decrease of population and the increase of life expectancy. In addition, the popularization and everydayization of education, which combines daily life and learning, is an educational feature. Individuals can more easily access knowledge, and video plays an important role. Video content is the most basic medium that leads to the popularization and daily life of education. With the development of information and communication technology, popularization of media content production and editing technology, anyone can easily create and share. The video education contents business is expected to increase globally through SNS. Especially, the video contents education industry related to flower design is regarded as a suitable content field in an era where environment is essential. In the modern era, characterized by the "one-person household, one-person media" era, the environment of plants protects people from stress by restoring human emotional efficiency, environmental comfort, and stability. In other words, because humans have a preference for nature, plants play an important role for humanity recovery. Against this backdrop, flower design is expected to be a promising industrial sector with high growth, high value added and high job creation effects. In the era of the fourth revolution of the human race, competitive video contents are expected to influence the growth of the future country. will be.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 2022

Public consent is essential to proceed with large-scale projects such as dam and hydroelectric power plant in the Carbon Neutral Era. In general, when designing facilities such as dams and river facilities, the impact due to constructing them is analyzed through numerical simulation in advance. Those facilities are built to cope with floods and usually HEC-RAS is used for numerical simulation in this process. The numerical simulation provides accurate data, but it is very difficult to persuade the public only with the data. Therefore, this study intends to consider the utilization of metaverse in the field of urban flooding and flood response. The applicability of metaverse was confirmed by emphasizing visual effects and providing easy-to-see data, using a kind of metaverse platform called Cities: Skylines. The functions and limitations of this platform were reviewed. A virtual flood scenario was applied after implementing real cities on a metaverse. The hazard map established in Korea and the results of applying the scenario of metaverse platform were compared. On the metaverse, not only the disaster situation caused by realizing the city and society as it is, but also the spread of social disasters after the disaster can be confirmed. Through this, countermeasures can be virtually implemented. If these social and humanistic data are also verified in the future, it is expected that the overall process for responding to urban flooding can be modeled.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.396-412
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical features of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and the efficacy and safety of Korean medicine treatment. Methods: This study was conducted on 15 patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome who visited the outpatient Allergy, Immune, and Respiratory System Department at Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from January 10, 2021 to April 10, 2022. We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 15 patients and collected clinical characteristics, Korean medicine treatments, outcome variables (Numeral Rating Scale (NRS), modified Medical Research Council scale (mMRC), Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), Quality of Life Visual Analog Scale (QOL-VAS), The Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS)), adverse events, etc. Results: Of the 15 patients, seven (46.7%) were men, and the average age of all patients was 49.7±13 years. The most common symptom was cough (n=9, 60%), and it was followed by dyspnea or increased respiratory effort, fatigue, insomnia, anosmia, etc. The herbal medicine was prescribed for all 15 patients, and Saengmaek-san (n=8, 53.5%) was the most prescribed. Additionally, acupuncture and cupping were performed in four patients (26.7%) each, and electroacupuncture was applied to one patient (6.7%). As a result of Korean medicine treatment, NRS, mMRC, LCQ, QOL-VAS, and PCFS showed improvement, and adverse events were mild. Conclusions: This study presented the clinical features of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and suggested that Korean medicine treatment may be effective in alleviating related symptoms and enhancing quality of life.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2023

Objective : The typical decline in function due to aging includes limitations in vision, hearing, cognitive function, and activities of daily living. Therefore, this study evaluated the mediating effect of cognitive function on the relationship between vision and hearing and activities of daily living. Methods : The participants in this study were 36,767 persons from the long-term care database on older adults provided by the National Health Insurance Sharing Service. The extracted variables were: (i) independent variables: visual and hearing; (ii) dependent variables: basic and instrumental daily living activities; and (iii) mediator variables: cognitive function. Regression analysis was performed evaluate the mediating effects of the extracted variables. Results : Cognitive function showed a mediating effect of 30% on the relationship between vision and basic daily life activities and 42% in the relationship with instrumental daily life activities. The mediating effect was 50% in the relationship between hearing and basic activities of daily living, and 53% in the relationship with instrumental activities of daily living. Conclusion : Prevention programs for functional decline due to aging are in progress in Korea. Based on the results of this study, establishing a prevention program would help promote successful aging.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.128-136
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• 2023

Background: The authors aimed to compare the effects of a one-time ultrasound (US)-guided subacromial corticosteroid injection and three-time ozone (O₂-O₃) injection in patients with chronic supraspinatus tendinopathy. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to the corticosteroid group (n = 22) or ozone group (n = 22). Injections in both groups were administered into subacromial bursa with an US-guided in-plane posterolateral approach. Primary outcome measure was the change in the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) score between baseline and 12-weeks post-injection. Secondary outcome measures included visual analog scale and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores. Assessments were recorded at baseline, and 4-weeks and 12-weeks post-injection. Results: Forty participants completed this study. Based on repeated measurement analysis of variance, a significant effect of time was found for all outcome measures in both groups. Both the groups showed clinically significant improvements in shoulder pain, quality of life, and function. Baseline, 4-week post-injection, and 12-week post-injection WORC scores (mean ± standard deviation) were 57.91 ± 18.97, 39.10 ± 20.50 and 37.22 ± 27.31 in the corticosteroid group, respectively and 69.03 ± 15.89, 39.11 ± 24.36, and 32.26 ± 24.58 in the ozone group, respectively. However, no significant group × time interaction was identified regarding all outcome measures. Conclusions: Three-time ozone injection was not superior to a one-time corticosteroid injection in patients with chronic supraspinatus tendinopathy. It might be as effective as corticosteroid injection at 4-weeks and 12-weeks post-injection in terms of relieving pain and improving quality of life and function.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2023

Background: Bulgarian split squat (BSS) is beneficial to improve dynamic balance ability and muscle activity of lower extremities, however its effects have not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to compare changes in dynamic balance ability and muscle properties according to various modifications of BSS exercises. Methods: Thirty healthy male volunteers participated in this study, and they were randomly divided into three different groups. The subjects performed the BSS exercise either on a stable surface with the eyes opened (n=10) or eyes closed (n=10), and on an unstable support plane with eyes opened (n=10) conditions, respectively. Dynamic balance ability was measured via Biodex balance system under the eyes-opened and closed conditions. Additionally, muscle properties of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) were evaluated. Results: Dynamic balance ability did not show the significant differences among the groups that performed the BSS exercises. However, in the Unstable group, there were significant differences in the overall stability index and anterior posterior stability index under the eyes-closed condition between pre-exercise and post-exercise. In comparison of muscle properties according to the groups, RF muscle showed a significant difference in amount of change of elasticity (p=.038). Additionally, there were significant changes in post measurements of VM muscle tone (p=.016), stiffness (p=.012) and elasticity (p=.002). VL muscle, however had no significant differences in muscle properties. Conclusion: These results indicate that BSS exercises could induce the alteration of RF and VM muscle properties, in particular VM muscle which is susceptible to weakness. Thus, BSS could be applied in various ways as an effective rehabilitation exercise.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.95-113
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• 2023

Objectives: To review studies evaluating effects of acupuncture on pain and depressive symptoms in fibromyalgia. Methods: Quantitative evidences (RCTs) were systematically reviewed. Literature were searched for a combination of fibromyalgia and depression (The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, medline (via PubMed), Kmbase, KISS, ScienceON, OASIS, CiNii, CNKI). Quantitative research findings were critically appraised by Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tool and pooled. Meta-analysis was then conducted using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4. Results: Eighteen studies were selected. American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for Fibromyalgia Syndrome was most frequently used as diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia. As for outcome measurement, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Total Effective Rate (TER) were used most commonly. Meta-analysis of ten studies revealed that both Depression and VAS scores of the Acupuncture+Western Medicine group were significantly lower than those of Western Medicine group (Depression: SMD, -0.94, 95% CI, -1.17 to -0.70; VAS: MD, -1.51, 95% CI, -1.83 to -1.19). Also, TERs of both Acupuncture group and Acupuncture+Western Acupuncture+Western Medicine group were significantly higher than those of the Western Medicine group (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.29 to 4.41; and OR: 7.40, 95% CI: 3.41 to 16.07). There was no significant difference in Depression or VAS score between the Acupuncture Group and the Western Medicine Group. Conclusions: Acupuncture might be an effective option for pain and depressive symptoms of fibromyalgia when it is combined with Western Medicine treatment. For more accurate results, more types of Korean medicine treatment should be conducted.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2023

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of storage type and period on the quality of rye hay. The rye "Gogu" was sown on October 15, 2020, and harvested on April 22, 2021 (heading stage). The rye hay was prepared in two wrapping conditions (wrapping and unwrapping) and two storage period (3 and 6 months). In regards to their visual appearance, the forage quality score was higher in wrapped rye hay than in unwrapped rye hay. In all groups, there was no difference in appearance between inside and outside. The moisture content of wrapped rye hay was maintained at the initial level until 6 months. However, the moisture content of unwrapped rye hay was increased at 3 months of storage, and then decreased at 6 months of storage. Crude protein content was higher in wrapped rye hay than in unwrapped rye hay, whereas NDF and ADF contents were lower within wrapped rye hay than within unwrapped rye hay (p<0.05). In conclusion, wrapping rye is effective method for long-term storage that reduces the effect of external environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.41
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• pp.133-153
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• 2019

This study is about the development and creation of the public installation to enhance the contact chances with plants for the city dwellers who are living in the environment of limited green space. The researcher tried to create a floral art work at an island type bus stop on the central bus only lane, where the passers-by can enjoy the contact with plants for a second on that crowded space. The researcher made the study of various related cased world-widely and existing island type bus stop on the central bus only lane. The researcher also made pre-creation study of applicable forms and elements, and developed the prototype of the installation on the base of that study. Therefore the researcher created 1 installable screen type floral art work offering abundant contact experience to the viewers which has multiple shelves in the vertical frame to fit and be substituted by the designated wall unit of the island type bus stop structure. Also the researcher developed the prototypes of 2 small interior pieces. The meaning of this study can be found in the contribution of increasing visual experiencing rate of green space and chances of experiencing plants to create positive psychological, emotional effects by developing floral art works to be installed at crowded urban public space.